共查询到10条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Shouro Dasgupta Elizabeth J. Z. Robinson 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2023,67(4):576-602
It is now clear that anthropogenic climate change is having a negative impact on human health. In this paper, we provide the first comprehensive assessment of the impact of climatic stressors on child health in Burkina Faso. We undertake a rigorous empirical analysis of the impact of climate and weather shocks on mortality, stunting (height-for-age Z-score) and wasting (weight-for-age Z-score), using Demographic and Health Surveys, combined with high-resolution meteorological data, controlling for household and individual covariates. We find robust evidence that both lifetime and short-term exposure to high temperatures and droughts have a negative impact on child health, as do increased temperature anomalies during crop seasons, suggesting a link between climate and health through domestic food production. Income and household wealth, access to electricity, sanitation and a health facility for childbirth negate some adverse impacts of climate change. Combining our econometric estimates with updated CMIP6 scenarios, we compute policy-relevant projections of future child health. Our results show that future warming is projected to significantly increase child mortality, and share of underweight and stunted children, in all but the Paris Agreement scenario. Given the links between health, a key element of human capital, and economic growth, our findings and projections provide yet more evidence of the importance of a rapid reduction in global emissions combined with adaptation funding, if lower-income countries are to achieve poverty reduction and increasing prosperity. 相似文献
2.
目的 分析我国华南地区极端降水事件的时空变化特征,探讨极端降水指数的影响因子,及其与年总降水量、大尺度大气环流的关系,并预测未来研究区域极端降水事件变化趋势,为区域水资源可持续利用和防灾减灾提供参考。方法 文章选用1959—2016年华南地区72个资料序列较长的地面气象站点逐日降水实测数据,计算11种极端降水指数并对其进行气候倾向率分析、空间分析、因子分析、相关分析、小波分析及R/S预测分析。结果 （1）从时间尺度上来看,1959年以来,研究区极端降水事件呈现增加趋势,降水强度指数SDII变化倾向率为0.34 mm/d/10a;极端降水量指数（PRCPTOT、RX1day、RX5day、R95p、R99p）变化倾向率分别为19.96 mm/10a、2.06 mm/10a、3.22 mm/10a、17.46 mm/10a和7.23 mm/10a;极端降水日数指数（R10、R20、R50、CDD、CWD）中除持续湿润日数CWD呈减少趋势以外,其他指数也呈现微弱增加趋势,其变化倾向率分别为0.31 d/10a、0.48 d/10a、0.19 d/10a、0.09 d/10a和-0.11 d/10a。从空间尺度上来看,研究区极端降水指数总体呈增加趋势,存在明显的空间差异。（2）基于因子分析方法提取了3个公共因子,累积方差贡献率为90.01 %,反映了极端降水量指数和降水强度指数对极端降水事件影响较大;相关分析也表明极端降水指数与年总降水量的相关性很好,R95p和R99p对年总降水量的贡献呈增加趋势。北大西洋涛动（NAO）对极端降水事件具有明显的影响,南海副高强度指数（SCSSHII）和西太平洋副高强度指数（WPSHII）对研究区极端降水事件贡献明显。大气环流的变化是极端降水变化的重要影响因素。（3）基于R/S分析方法表明PRCPTOT、R10、R20、R50和CDD等指数表现为强反持续性,未来将呈现减少趋势;R95p呈随机变化,未来变化趋势不明确;SDII、RX1day、RX5day、R99p和CWD等指数表现为弱持续性,即未来变化趋势与过去变化趋势一致。结论 华南地区极端降水事件总体呈增加趋势,空间差异显著,大尺度大气环流对华南地区极端降水影响明显。 相似文献
3.
David A. Fleming-Muñoz Stuart Whitten Graham D. Bonnett 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2023,67(4):501-523
Although a growing body of literature studies drought impacts, papers providing a comprehensive review of drought's social and economic impacts are scarce. This paper fills this gap by exploring the consequences of drought on societies based on research findings in Australia—a large country used to experiencing severe droughts. To do this, we propose a framework to categorise drought impacts in three dimensions: individuals/households (including health), productive sectors and system (including economic and ecosystem) impacts. The framework then guides a systematic literature review and discussion of studies looking at diverse drought impacts and their related costs. By analysing and discussing the findings from this literature, we emphasise different policy considerations, empirical challenges and research needs to support robust analysis and estimates of the true cost of droughts. We conclude by proposing an expanded framework to identify drought impacts and a discussion of the implications of the review for policy development. 相似文献
4.
Oleg Nivievskyi 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》2016,67(3):741-763
We build on the price transmission framework to identify domestic wheat price effects of wheat export controls. We explicitly take into account that a harvest failure causes domestic price effects. Moreover, the analysis at the regional level provides further evidence of the functioning of export controls in a large country. Results suggest a pronounced regional heterogeneity in the strength of domestic price effects of the 2010/11 export ban in Russia. The wheat price dampening effects amount to up to 67% and are strongest in the major wheat exporting region with direct access to the world market. This effect is transmitted to other regions by increased and reversed interregional trade flows. In contrast, we find that regional variation of export controls’ domestic price effects in Ukraine is rather small. 相似文献
5.
Charlotte Fabri;Sam Vermeulen;Steven Van Passel;Sergei Schaub; 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》2024,75(3):955-980
Agriculture is vulnerable to extreme weather shocks. Climate change increases both the frequency and the intensity of such shocks. To safeguard farmers' income and food production, climate adaptation measures are required. This article aims to examine the effectiveness of crop diversification as an adaptation measure, using Italy as a case study. We apply a control function approach to a panel dataset of 20,790 Italian farms, which considers (i) the crop diversification decision and (ii) the influence of crop diversification on farmers' levels of crop income and income risk. We find that, while specialisation can increase income, crop diversification reduces income risk most effectively when growing four different crops. At this level of diversification, income risk is approximately 29% lower as opposed to monoculture farming. Although the Common Agricultural Policy's greening payments for crop diversification make sense from an ecological and risk-reducing point of view, we find that they are potentially insufficient to cover the loss of expected crop income from diversification. While crop diversification reduces income risk in general, we find no specific benefit in terms of weather shock-induced risks. This may be because a price increase following a weather shock buffers its adverse effect. However, identifying the reasons requires further research. 相似文献
6.
该文利用IPCC AR4模式资料和基于多年观测资料生成的格点数据,建立降水、最高/最低气温的统计降尺度关系,获取华北地区高分辨率未来气候情景空间分布;利用作物模型模拟IPCC-B1情景下冬小麦生长期和产量变化。结果表明:最高/最低气温模拟结果与观测值比较,相关系数(R2)大于0.70;降水模拟结果与观测值比较,相关系数最小为0.63;IPCC-B1情景下,华北地区冬小麦生长期总体上变短,产量下降。 相似文献
7.
Gaurav Arora Hongli Feng Christopher J. Anderson David A. Hennessy 《Agricultural Economics》2020,51(2):221-236
Relative agricultural productivity shocks emerging from climate change will alter regional cropland use. Land allocations are sensitive to crop profits that in turn depend on yield effects induced by changes in climate and technology. We develop and apply an integrated framework to assess the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity and land use for the U.S. Northern Great Plains. Crop-specific yield–weather models reveal crop comparative advantage due to differential yield impacts of weather across the region's major crops, that is, alfalfa, wheat, soybeans, and maize. We define crop profits as a function of the weather-driven yields, which are then used to model land use allocation decisions. This ultimately allows us to simulate the impact of climate change under the RCP4.5 emissions scenario on land allocated to the region's major crops as well as to grass/pasture. Upon removing the trends effects in yields, climate change is projected to lower yields by 33–64% over 2031–2055 relative to 1981–2005, with soybean being the least and alfalfa the most affected crops. Yield projections applied to the land use model at present-day input costs and output prices reveals that Dakotas’ grass acreage will increase by up to 23%, displacing croplands. Wheat acreage is expected to increase by up to 54% in select southeastern counties of North Dakota and South Dakota, where maize/soy acreage had increased by up to 58% during 1995–2016. 相似文献
8.
Ying Xu Christopher Findlay 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2019,63(4):866-880
While climate change is widely acknowledged, the role of government support in adaptation is less understood. We narrow this knowledge gap by modelling adaptation as a three‐stage process where a farmer sequentially decides: (i) whether there is a need for adaptation; (ii) whether there are constraints that prevent adaptation; and (iii) whether such constraints are removed through government support. We develop a triple‐hurdle model to describe this decision‐making process and empirically estimate the impact of government support using a rural household survey from Guangdong Province, China. It is found that government support is positively associated with raising the odds of adaptation by about one quarter. This magnitude is larger than the estimates in recent literature, suggesting government support is more effective for farmers bound by constraints. Therefore, for cost‐effective policy outcomes there is a need to identify the constraints and the farmers facing them. 相似文献
9.
Tatiana Ermolieva Petr Havlík Yuri Ermoliev Aline Mosnier Michael Obersteiner David Leclère Nikolay Khabarov Hugo Valin Wolf Reuter 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》2016,67(3):584-601
Interdependencies among land use systems resemble a complex network connected through demand–supply relationships. Disruption of this network may catalyse systemic risks affecting food, energy, water and environmental security (FEWES) worldwide. We describe the conceptual development, expansion and practical application of a stochastic version of the Global Biosphere Management Model (GLOBIOM), used to assess competition for land use between agriculture, bioenergy and forestry at regional and global scales. In the stochastic version of the model, systemic risks of various kinds are explicitly covered and can be analysed and mitigated in all their interactions. While traditional deterministic scenario analysis produces sets of scenario‐dependent outcomes, stochastic GLOBIOM explicitly derives robust outcomes that leave the systems better‐off, independently of which scenario applies. Stochastic GLOBIOM is formulated as a stochastic optimisation model that is critical for evaluating portfolios of robust interdependent decisions: ex‐ante strategic decisions (production allocation, storage capacities) and ex‐post adaptive (demand, trading, storage control) decisions. As an example, the model is applied to the question of optimal storage facilities, as buffers for production shortfalls, to meet regional and global FEWES requirements when extreme events occur. Expected shortfalls and storage capacities have a close relationship with Value‐at‐Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value‐at‐Risk (CVaR) risk measures. A Value of Stochastic Solutions is calculated to illustrate the benefits of the stochastic over the deterministic model approach. 相似文献
10.
Recent trends in farm productivity and food prices raise concerns about whether the era of global agricultural abundance is over. Agricultural R&D is a crucial determinant of agricultural productivity and production, and therefore food prices and poverty. In this article, we present entirely new evidence on investments in public agricultural R&D worldwide as an indicator of the prospects for agricultural productivity growth over the coming decades. The agricultural R&D world is changing, and in ways that will definitely affect future global patterns of poverty, hunger, and other outcomes. The overall picture is one in which the middle‐income countries are growing in relative importance as producers of agricultural innovations through investments in R&D, and have consequently better prospects as producers of agricultural products. 相似文献