我国私募股权投资基金的发展现状与建议

私募股权投资目前已经成为企业继银行贷款和公开上市之后又一重要的融资手段。从私募股权投资行业现状来看,我国私募股权投资行业在最近十年无论是在募集规模还是投资规模都得到飞速的发展,这与我国经济高度增长以及市场深化改革的成绩密不可分。同时我国私募股权投资基金也存在受市场和政策影响较大、投资集中度较高、缺乏多层次的退出渠道等问题,这些问题如果得不到解决,势必会影响到我国私募股权投资行业的进一步发展。本文首先从私募股权投资基金的募集、投资和退出三个方向介绍了私募股权投资在我国的发展现状,然后通过对现状的分析对我国私募股权投资基金的发展提出了一些建议。     

私募股权投资价值及退出机制完善

私募股权投资已成为中国企业融资的一个重要渠道,有助于促使中国建立多样化投融资体系,对实体经济发展发挥重要作用。融资、投资、管理和退出是私募投资基金四大环节,其中退出实现了资本的循环流动,因此退出机制的完善有助于私募股权基金发挥其经济价值。     

我国私募股权投资发展的机遇分析

近年来,我国成为亚洲最为活跃的私募股权投资市场,未来十年将是中国私募股权投资飞速发展的黄金十年。目前,我国中小企业的融资"缺口"、社会变迁、第二轮西部大开发、资本市场的持续健康发展与国际经济调整复苏给私募股权投资发展带来了千载难逢的机遇。     

私募股权投资中对赌协议的研究

中国创业生态不断变化,各种优惠政策激励着创业者与资本的结合;私募股权投资市场更是受到政策的直接影响,募资门槛不断放开,投资空间逐渐释放,退出渠道更加通畅,而随着证券公司、保险公司等相继获批进入PE市场,私募股权投资行业已成为中国经济体最活跃的组成部分。本文从私募股权投资中的对赌协议入手,着重分析了对赌协议的风险和运用过程中的注意事项。     

PE市场变革进行时——中国私募股权基金的现状、问题及发展建议

私募股权市场是多层次资本市场体系的重要组成部分,近年来伴随着监管转型、行业探讨、登记备案等一系列改革措施的渐次铺开,中国私募市场在募资、投资、管理与退出机制上都取得了长足的发展。与此同时,相较美国成熟私募市场,我国私募股权市场仍存在显著差距,需在均衡投资者结构、丰富退出渠道、完善监管机制、加强人才培育等方面有所突破。破寒争春,PE市场转型提速私募股权(PE)投资不仅可以拓展市场服务范围,增强对新兴产业、中小微企业的服务能力,而且还有助于拓展居民投资     

基于企业成长期的私募股权投资偏好分析

随着我国资本市场结构的发育和日渐完善,私募股权投资更多地被中小企业所熟悉,也正在成为我国中小企业融资的重要途径。然而．那些私募股权的投资人面对数以万计的申请项目,可谓众里寻他千百度,究竟怎样借得慧眼、挑到真正可塑造的优质项目。经过仔细梳理近年的成功私募股权投资项目．我们不难探寻到目光独到的投资经理人选择投资项目的标准和偏好．当然,针对企业不同的发展阶段,私募股权投资的投资偏好亦表现出相对的差异性。面对成长期企业,私募资本投资人倍加关注的则更多表现为：企业的成长性、市场空间、商业模式、管理团队和财务状况等。     

重庆私募股权投资基金现状及发展建议

<正>私募股权投资基金是指通过定向向投资者募集资金而设立的从事非上市公司股权投资的基金,投资者通过认购基金份额成为公司的合伙人,以期在被投资企业相对成熟后通过退出实现资本增值,分享投资所获得的收益。私募股权投资作为先进的投资模式,是金融创新和产业创新的结果,其运作方式拓宽了企业融资渠道,推动了被投资企业的价值     

基于企业成长期的私募股权投资偏好分析

随着我国资本市场结构的发育和日渐完善,私募股权投资更多地被中小企业所熟悉,也正在成为我国中小企业融资的重要途径。然而,那些私募股权的投资人面对数以万计的申请项目,可谓众里寻他千百度,究竟怎样借得慧眼、挑到真正可塑造的优质项目。经过仔细梳理近年的成功私募股权投资项目,我们不难探寻到目光独到的投资经理人选择投资项目的标准和偏好,当然,针对企业不同的发展阶段,私募股权投资的投资偏好亦表现出相对的差异性。面对成长期企业,私募资本投资人倍加关注的则更多表现为:企业的成长性、市场空间、商业模式、管理团队和财务状况等。     

PE：在高风险和高收益间游走

众所周知,经非公开渠道进行的投融资活动构成私募股权投资市场(Private Equity简称PE),国外的私募股权投资行业有近50年的发展历史,已形成相当的规模并且成为了西方国家投资领域举足轻重的力量。私募股权投资在20世纪90年代成功发现和培育了英特尔、微软、雅虎等科技公司,近年来又积极参与行业与企业重组,优化产业结构,改善资本配置的效     

中国私募股权资本退出:方式、困境及出路

目前,中国私募股权资本退出主要有IPO、并购、回购、清算等方式,由于资本市场体系不完善、私募股权资本行业法律制度不健全、私募股权资本行业人才匮乏、私募股权资本行业中介机构体系不健全、退出渠道不顺畅等因素的影响,中国私募股权资本退出面临较高风险.需从以上五个方面加以改进,构建通畅的退出机制,才能推动我国私募股权资本市场发展,建立与完善多层次资本市场体系、建立与完善私募股权资本行业的法律体系、加快私募股权资本行业的人才培养和引进、加快私募股权资本行业中介机构体系建设、构建顺畅的退出渠道.     

An analysis of shopping center investment

During the 1980s, the oversupply of retail space has lowered rents, raised vacancies, and damaged the integrity of financial institutions as developers and other borrowers have been forced into default. This paper explores the propensity of developers to create shopping center space. The research draws on the macroeconomic investment literature to formulate a model of shopping center investment. We estimate our model using shopping center and sales data from all fifty states of the United States and the District of Columbia. Our results provide evidence about how investment in new shopping space responds to changes in retail sales, capital costs, and taxes.     

国际投资条约中的税收条款与发展中国家的对策

国际投资仲裁涉税案件日渐增多,国际投资领域中的税收问题凸显。美国等发达国家近年来引入各种模式的税收条款,旨在平衡东道国与外国投资者之间的税收利益。然而,不同模式的税收条款对东道国税收主权造成的影响大相径庭。发展中国家的应对之策应为:结合本国实际,相应地引入专门的税收条款,并选择宽泛的"税收"定义,以降低本国税收管理行为的被诉风险,保留必要的施政空间。     

Cross-listing dynamics and labor investment efficiency: International evidence

This paper investigates the dynamics of cross-listing in the United States and labor investment efficiency. Using a sample of 11,780 firm-year observations from 44 countries over the period 2000–2019, we found that cross-listing is positively associated with labor investment efficiency. This result suggests that cross-listing is associated with lower deviations in labor investment at the level explained by economic fundamentals. We also found that cross-listing reduces both overinvestment and underinvestment problems. The positive impact of cross-listing on labor investment efficiency is more prevalent for firms from countries with weaker institutions and higher liabilities due to foreignness and for those operating in industries with low litigation risk. Further evidence shows that labor investment efficiency following cross-listing in the United States translates into high firm valuation. Our findings are robust to endogeneity concerns and have important policy implications.     

立法、司法、守法视域的中国古代法律儒学化

早在春秋战国之际,法家提出过＂以法治国＂的主张,自汉唐以来,儒学独尊,统治阶级参照儒家的伦理思想对之作了彻底的修改和补充,逐渐在制度层面和操作层面实现了法律的伦理化,造就了中华法系,产生了别具特色的法律文化现象。体现在＂一准乎礼＂、＂以礼入法＂、＂春秋决狱＂、＂引经决狱＂、＂止争息讼＂。     

How much could refuges help us recover from a global catastrophe?

Some global catastrophes (such as nuclear wars, pandemics, or an asteroid collision) might destroy civilization. Some propose building well-stocked shelters constantly staffed with people trained to rebuild civilization in such cases. These “refuges” would have an unimpressive expected cost per life saved, but could conceivably have an impressive expected cost per future generation allowed to exist. From some ethical perspectives that highly value future generations, building refuges may therefore seem like a promising idea. However, several factors significantly dilute the potential impact of refuges, even if the proposed catastrophes occur. Government/private disaster shelters, people working on submarines, and isolated peoples who prefer to be left alone serve these purposes to some extent already. Many proposed catastrophes do too much/too little damage for refuges to help, affect the environment in ways that make refuges largely irrelevant, or otherwise give relatively limited advantages to the people in refuges. In global food crises or social collapse scenarios, refuges would add little to aggregate stocks of population, resources, food, and relevant skills; but they may add something unique in terms of isolation and coordination. These potential benefits of refuges seem the most promising, and may be worthy of further analysis.     

An Empirical Examination of the Dissemination of Equity Price Innovations Between the Emerging Markets of Nordic-Baltic States and Major Advanced Markets

: We employ three econometric models to examine the relative influence of the stock markets of the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany on the stock markets of the Nordic-Baltic states. The results show that the Nordic-Baltic markets respond to price innovations from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany in diverse ways in the period 2001–2013. Response patterns for Finland, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, and Denmark are more significant to market innovations from the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, and less significant to those from Germany. German influence is more significant over Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia than the rest of the advanced markets. While the dynamics of the Nordic-Baltic markets exhibit a dominance of own price innovation, the influence of the United States is stronger than that of France, the United Kingdom, and Germany. These results imply that investors from the Nordic States may derive greater benefits by diversifying into Germany and vice versa, rather than diversifying into the United States, the United Kingdom, or France. Investors from the Baltic States may obtain greater advantages by adopting portfolio strategies that take advantage of potentially better diversification benefits obtainable from the United States, the United Kingdom, and France rather than from Germany, and the reverse will also be in order.     

Presidential Address: Investment Noise and Trends

During the past few decades, the fraction of the equity market owned directly by individuals declined significantly. The same period witnessed investment trends that include the growth of indexing as well as shifts by active managers toward lower fees and more index‐like investing. I develop an equilibrium model linking these investment trends to the decline in individual ownership, interpreting the latter as a reduction in noise trading. Active management corrects most noise trader–induced mispricing, and the fraction left uncorrected shrinks as noise traders' stake in the market declines. Less mispricing then dictates a smaller footprint for active management.     

Do independent research analysts issue more or less informative recommendation revisions?

This paper studies whether independent research analysts issue more informative stock recommendation revisions than investment bank analysts. I find independent analyst recommendation upgrades and downgrades significantly less informative. I also investigate whether the identified differences in informativeness are the result of systematic cross-sectional variation in analyst ability, portfolio complexity, and brokerage firm resources. Including these variables reduces the disparity in information content between groups. However, independent revisions continue to have lower informativeness. I follow prior research and compute daily buy-and-hold abnormal returns to portfolios formed based on analyst firm type. I find that investment bank analyst portfolios generally outperform those of independent research analysts. Lastly, I examine market reactions before and after the Global Settlement Agreement that was enacted to limit the perceived conflicts in the industry. Lastly, investment bank analyst upgrades generate an 18.7% greater reaction in the post-regulation period, suggesting the Global Settlement helped mitigate biased research. Independent analysts continue to issue less informative recommendations.     

Optimal investment-reinsurance with dynamic risk constraint and regime switching

We study an optimal investment–reinsurance problem for an insurer who faces dynamic risk constraint in a Markovian regime-switching environment. The goal of the insurer is to maximize the expected utility of terminal wealth. Here the dynamic risk constraint is described by the maximal conditional Value at Risk over different economic states. The rationale is to provide a prudent investment–reinsurance strategy by taking into account the worst case scenario over different economic states. Using the dynamic programming approach, we obtain an analytical solution of the problem when the insurance business is modeled by either the classical Cramer–Lundberg model or its diffusion approximation. We document some important qualitative behaviors of the optimal investment–reinsurance strategies and investigate the impacts of switching regimes and risk constraint on the optimal strategies.     

Can value-based stock selection criteria yield superior risk-adjusted returns: an application of neural networks

This study examines whether superior investment returns can be earned by using neural network modeling procedures to perform forecasts based on a set of financial ratios reflecting traditional value based investment strategies. The study covers a 20-year period. We find that the value ratio provides useful information that permits the selection of portfolios that provide investment returns superior to the DJIA and the S&P 500, and a group of randomly selected securities. The risk-adjusted returns for the portfolios selected by the neural network are greater than those achieved using other forecasting methods.