Environment-strategy coalignment: An empirical test of its performance implications

The positive performance impact of a coalignment between the environment and strategy of a business is an important theoretical proposition in strategic management. In spite of its importance and intuitive appeal, the extent of empirical support is equivocal and riddled with problems of conceptualizing and testing for coalignment. This paper evaluates alternate approaches to testing such a proposition and argues in favor of specifying coalignment as ‘profile deviation’, which states that coalignment is the degree to which strategic resource deployments adhere to an ‘ideal profile’ for a given environment. Subsequently, this proposition is tested across two time periods, and eight distinct environments in two different samples drawn from the PIMS data base. Results, which were generally robust across the two periods, strongly support the proposition of a positive performance impact of environment-strategy coalignment. Implications and research directions are developed.     

Positive and negative synergies between the CEO's and the corporate board's human and social capital: A study of biotechnology firms

This paper contributes to the corporate governance literature by developing and testing theory regarding positive and negative synergies between the CEO's and the board's human and social capital. Using a sample of 360 biotechnology firms that went public between 1995 and 2010, we demonstrate that accumulated public company board experiences of the CEO and the board have positive synergistic effects on IPO performance whereas the current board appointments have negative effects. While scientific educational backgrounds have positive synergies, industry‐specific experiences produce either positive or counterproductive effects depending on the age and profitability of the firm. Thus, our paper contributes to the corporate governance and human and social capital literatures by describing the costs and benefits of specific types and combinations of CEO and board capital. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

单相和置换式PVT取样技术在探井测试中的研究

对海上油田探井测试工艺中井下PVT高压物性取样技术进行了综合研究和分析,尤其是对单相和置换式取样系统的构成、基本原理及应用实例进行了阐述,同时对取样作业的关键环节和注意事项进行了概括,充分证明了该系统具有使用方便、快捷,控制灵活、可靠等优点,大大提高了井下PVT取样的成功率,解决了自喷井高压物性取样难的问题。     

Top management team diversity and innovativeness: The moderating role of interfunctional coordination

Top management team (TMT) diversity has received considerable attention in the academic literature as well as in the corporate arena. Our paper develops a contingent model on how top management team diversity acts as a form of human capital and can have a positive effect on innovativeness when it is effectively leveraged with favorable social capital. Our theoretical underpinning rests on the argument that greater interfunctional coordination is a source of internal social capital, which mitigates the costs while at the same time highlights the benefits associated with TMT diversity. By testing our model with TMT executives, the results generally supported our hypothesis in that the effect of TMT diversity on innovativeness was positive as interfunctional coordination increased. Implications for marketing theory and practice are discussed.     

Changes in market concentration of manufacturing industries

The impact on concentration of advertising and other variables is examined in a multiple regression model. The findings indicate that the positive influence of advertising observed for earlier periods continued during 1972–1977. By testing hypotheses suggested by other researchers, this paper resolves most, if not all, of the seemingly conflicting findings of researchers examining changes in concentration since 1963. The findings also strongly suggest that lagged models provide little, if any, added insight into the causes of changes in concentration.     

Trust and knowledge sharing in context: A study of international buyer-supplier relationships in Thailand

How does trust facilitate knowledge sharing between business partners in an emerging market? We advance the relational view of knowledge sharing by theoretically developing and empirically testing moderators of the impact of trust on knowledge sharing between MNE subsidiaries and their local suppliers. Distinguishing inter-organizational and inter-personal trust, we argue that the positive relationship between inter-organizational trust and knowledge sharing is moderated by characteristics of the transaction, while the positive impact of inter-personal trust is moderated by the organizational context in which the relationship is embedded. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 156 buyer-supplier relationships between MNE subsidiaries and local suppliers in Thai manufacturing, and find empirical support for our theoretical arguments. We conclude with managerial implications on how to facilitate knowledge sharing in an emerging market.     

The Moderating Roles of Prior Experience and Behavioral Importance in the Predictive Validity of New Product Concept Testing

Concept testing has long been recognized as an important new product development (NPD) activity. As one of the widely used concept testing techniques, the method of intentions surveys relies on the purchase intentions of the potential buyers of new products and helps firms assess the viabilities of their new products before making major financial and nonfinancial commitments to their development. Despite the importance of intentions‐based new product concept testing and its widespread use by firms, the correspondence between initial behavioral intentions and subsequent purchase behaviors has been relatively low and heterogeneous, making it very difficult for firms to draw any useful conclusions from intentions surveys. Focusing on the predictive validity of intentions‐based new product concept testing and addressing several calls for future research to identify specific conditions making it more effective, this paper tests the moderating roles of prior experience and behavioral importance in the predictive validity of intentions‐based new product concept testing. It also tests whether people who state a positive intention and people who state a negative intention are equally accurate in their intentions. Finally, it tests the relative moderating roles of prior experience and behavioral importance in the intentions–behavior relationship. The results based on two longitudinal surveys first suggested that people's prior experience moderates the relationship between behavioral intentions and actual behaviors in a way that the relationship is stronger when prior experience is high as opposed to when it is low. Second, they showed that the level of importance that people attach to a behavior also moderates the relationship between behavioral intentions and actual behaviors such that the relationship is stronger when behavioral importance is high as opposed to when it is low. Third, they indicated that the behavioral intentions of people who state that they will not perform a behavior are more accurate than are those of people who state that they will perform it. Finally, the results suggested that the impact of behavioral importance is greater than that of prior experience. This study offers several implications. Most notably, the results can help firms better understand different factors affecting the predictive validity of intentions‐based new product concept testing and hence make more accurate new product decisions.     

A note on dominant firm market share and economic performance

The hypothesis of a positive concentration-profits relationship has been one of the most thoroughly tested in economics. Market share has been used in a number of these studies as a measure of horizontal dominance by a firm in an industry. Although these studies have shown empirically that a positive relationship exists between market share and rates of return, little theoretical evidence for this relationship exists. The price leadership model can be used to show that a continuous, direct relationship exists between market share and competitive injury. From a simulation exercise based upon the price leadership model, a positive association is demonstrated between increasing market share of the dominant firm (or collusive leading firms) and increasing competitive injury (as evidenced by a greater divergence between the competitive versus price leadership price-output decisions). This exercise establishes market share as a fundamental structrual variable in describing the short run competitiveness within the industry. The results of this model imply that intra-industry cross section studies, utilizing a carefully defined price leader(s) and price followers dictomy, should yield better statistical fits. At the present stage of empirical testing, however, only the roughest approximations using rather arbitrary definitions of the price leader-follower dichotomy have been made.     

Close relationship with the supervisor may impede employee creativity by suppressing vertical task conflict

Leader‐member exchange as a form of supportive leadership is expected to foster employee creativity. However, empirical evidence suggested this relationship is complex. This study attempts to address this complexity by proposing and testing a curvilinear mechanism, which attenuates the overall positive effect of LMX on creativity by transmitting a curvilinear indirect effect via vertical task conflict. Results drawn from a sample of 276 supervisor–subordinate dyads provided support for the hypothesized curvilinear indirect effect. Specifically, LMX was found to negatively influence employee creativity by suppressing vertical task conflict for subordinates in high‐quality LMX relationships, while the indirect effect was not significant for subordinates in low‐quality LMX relationships.     

Corporate Real Estate Ownership and Productivity Uncertainty

This article empirically tests the relationship between corporate real estate (CRE) holdings and productivity risks of firms. Using a large sample of public listed U.S. firms for the period from 1984 to 2011, we show that CRE ownership is significantly and negatively correlated with productivity risks of firms. Firms with high‐productivity risk own less CRE assets. When testing dynamic changes to CRE holdings, we estimate a significant and positive elasticity of CRE investments of 5.2% in response to cash flow shocks. If the adjustment cost is high, high‐risk firms are expected to hold less CRE assets, so that they could reduce potential losses associated with CRE holdings when negative productive shocks occur.     

The relationship between corporate diversification and corporate social performance

Does diversification affect firm response to stakeholder demands and social issues? Despite extensive interest in corporate diversification in the strategy literature, the relationship between diversification and corporate social performance (CSP) remains largely unexplored. In this study, I propose that the level of diversification will be positively related to the CSP of firms. However, when diversified firms have a strong focus on short‐term profit, it may discourage firm response to stakeholder demands and investment in social issues, thereby negatively moderating the positive relationship between the level of diversification and CSP. Empirical testing on a sample of U.S. firms generally supports my predictions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

公共投资的区域经济增长效应

我国已把公共投资作为政府扩大内需,促进经济社会全面发展的重要手段,并已开始利用公共投资的扩张手段来实现经济持续稳定增长。文章运用计量经济方法,对我国在东、中和西部区域的公共投资对经济增长的效应问题进行分析。结果表明,东、中和西部区域的公共投资对各区域经济增长具有显著的正向影响。并且不同区域的经济增长效应存在明显的差别,其中西部区域的公共投资效应明显低于东部和中部区域。     

The effects of complementarity of knowledge and capabilities on joint innovation capabilities and service innovation: The role of competitive intensity and demand uncertainty

Service innovation has become increasingly important for the growth of developed and developing countries. Despite an extensive body of literature on the role of joint innovation capabilities in improving a firm's innovativeness, the multivariate influences of operant resources and joint innovation capabilities, as well as the interplay among these in the prediction of service innovation have not been scrutinized in the context of B2B SMEs in a developing country. This study aims to fill this gap by testing a model that shows the relationships among complementarity of knowledge and capabilities as operant resources, joint innovation capabilities, and service innovation. We derive hypotheses about these relationships and test them using data from a sample of 302 respondents from 151 firms operating in the UAE. The results show that the relationships between complementarity of knowledge and joint innovation capabilities, and between joint innovation capabilities and service innovation, are significant and positive. They also show that the mediation effect of joint innovation capabilities on the relationship between complementarity of knowledge and service innovation is positive and full. This study also tests the moderating roles of competitive intensity and demand uncertainty in the relationship between joint innovative capabilities and service innovation and finds that their connection is stronger when competitive intensity is high.     

人民币升值影响我国企业竞争力实证研究

2005年7月汇率改革以来,人民币持续升值,对我国外向型企业的进出口有较大影响。尤其是对作为国民经济支柱产业的汽车行业影响深远,而汽车零部件的进出口额远远多于汽车整车,因此本文选择41家汽车零部件上市公司作为研究对象,通过对相关的面板数据进行检验和回归分析,从而研究人民币升值对于企业竞争力的影响。研究结论表明,人民币升值对企业盈利能力以及营运能力有显著正影响,而对企业成长能力没有显著影响。     

智能化工业阀门质量检验装置的研究与应用

针对传统工业阀门试验机存在的检验效率低、劳动强度大、合格判定主观性强、安全风险大,无法满足大规模批量检验要求的缺陷,首次将智能化、数字化技术引入到阀门试压机中进行革新改造,极大提高了检验效率和检验质量,实现了阀门检验的规模化、批量化,并产生了较大的经济效益。     

油气流量测量仪表的在线实流检定问题

流量测量仪表的检定或校准是流量量值传递或溯源链中最重要的环节,通常可将其分为实验检定和干式检定（干检）两种方式。介绍了实流检定和干式检定的概念,并论述了各自的应用场合,强调了流量仪表在线实流检定的必要性及计量学特点。     

A study of how mainland Chinese small and medium privately owned businesses engage in networking

Privately owned businesses in mainland China are a recently revived business form. Although small and medium business are the vast majority, and the main drivers of the Chinese economy, published research about how these businesses have engaged in networking to improve their performance is lacking. Drawing on relevant literature pertaining to business networks, this paper reports on the development and testing of a model that seeks to explain mainland Chinese small and medium privately owned businesses' (POBs) networking as a set of strategic actions. The purpose is to ascertain whether POBs engage in networking, to determine its main aspects, and to examine the extent to which these networking aspects impact on POB performance. The findings confirm five common networking aspects and that these aspects have a positive impact on POB performance. The development and confirmation of the model has practical implications for both POBs and any Western associates.     

油品测试方法专用标准试料

介绍了测定油品闭口杯法闪点、烟点、热值、开口杯法闪点、颜色、馏程等的测试方法及其所采用的标准试料,分析了各测定过程中的影响因素,并提出了相应的校对方法.指出,标准试料的出现,无疑对石油及石油产品测试方法标准化是一种完善,它补充的是执行标准可靠性的判断.     

浅析检测机构对工程质量控制的重要性及存在问题

分析了检测机构对工程质量控制的重要性,并在此基础上总结了建筑工程的检测机构、工艺管道无损检测的检测机构、电气试验的检测机构的工程检测在工程质量监管中存在的问题,提出了相应的解决方法。     

声发射技术在起重机检测中的应用

介绍了几种常用的起重机检测方法,对声发射检测技术做了简要说明,分别从检测标准、应用及检测系统三方面综述了声发射技术在起重机检测中的应用现状。