Book Reviews

Clark, Jon, Managing Change and Innovation: People, Technology and Strategy
Casey, Catherine, Work, Self and Society-After Industrialism
Grint, Keith, Gill, Rosalind, The Gender Technology Relation: Contemporary Theory and Research
Phizacklea, A, Wolkowitz, C, Homeworking Women: Gender, Racism and Class at Work
Harding, R, Technology and Human Resources in their National Context: a study of strategic contrasts
Taplin, I, M, Winterton, J, Restructuring Within a Labour Intensive Industry
Lee, Eric, The Labour Movement and the Internet. The New Internationalism     

Book Reviews

Towers, Brian, (ed.) Employment Relations in Britain: 25 years of the Advisory Conciliation and Arbitration services
Rigby, Mike, Smith, Roger and Lawlor, Teresa, (eds.) European Trade Unions: Change and Response
Turner, Lowell, Fighting for Partnership: Labor and Politics in Unified Germany
Elliot, Robert, Lucifora, Claudio and Meurs, Dominique, (eds.) Public Sector Pay Determination in the European Union
Lind, Jens and Hornemann Möller, Iver, (eds.) Inclusion and Exclusion: Unemployment and Non‐standard Employment in Europe
Clark, Ed and Soulsby, Anna, Organizational Change in Post‐communist Europe: Management and Transformation in the Czech Republic
Dark, Taylor, The Unions and the Democrats: An Enduring Alliance
Freeman, Richard and Rogers, Joel, What Workers Want
Whetten, David and Godfrey, Paul, (eds.) Identity in Organizations: Building Theory through Conversations
Tsutsui, William, Manufacturing Ideology: Scientific Management in Twentieth‐Century Japan
Barker, James, The Discipline of Teamwork: Participation and Concertive Control     

Book Reviews

Sako, M. and Sato, H. (eds), Japanese Labour and Management in Transition: Diversity, Flexibility and Participation
Ferguson, Charles and McKillip, Donal, The Strategic Development of Credit Unions
Cannell, W. and Dankebaar, B. (eds), Technology, Management and Public Policy in the European Union
Ransome, P., The Work Paradigm
Rinehart, James; Huxley, Christopher and Robertson, David, Just Another Car Factory: lean production and its discounts
Dent, Mike, Professions, Information Technology and Management in Hospitals     

国外石油石化公司面向新世纪的发展战略

世界石油石化公司为迎接新世纪的挑战，采取了诸多发展战略：兼并联合重组，建立战略联盟，产业结构调整，全球化经营，规模经济，技术创新，高效利用天然气，开发石油替代能源，环境保护，发展电子商务等。     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Friedman, Gerald State Making and Labor Movements: France and the United States, 1876–1914
Abernathy, Frederick, Dunlop, John, Hammond, Janice and Weil, David A Stitch in Time: Lean Retailing and the Transformation of Manufacturing — Lessons from the Apparel and Textile Industries
Waterman, Peter Globalization, Social Movements and the New Internationalisms
Jackson, Paul and Van der Wielen, Jos (eds) Teleworking: International Perspective, from Telecommuting to the Virtual Organisation
Ferber, Marianne (ed.) Women in the Labour Market
Dench, S. and O'Regan, S. Helping Parents to Work: A Study for Kent TEC
Browne, Kingsley Divided Labours: An Evolutionary View of Women at Work
Barnes, Helen, Thornton, Patricia and Maynard, Sue Disabled People and Employment: A Review of Research and Development Work
Zey, Mary Rational Choice Theory and Organizational Theory: A Critique
Maclagan, Patrick Management and Morality
Parker, Martin Ethics and Organizations     

An investigation of the personality traits of scientists versus nonscientists and their relationship with career satisfaction

Drawing on Holland's vocational theory, Schneider's Attraction‐Selection‐Attrition model, and the Big Five/narrow traits model of personality, the present study identified key Big Five and narrow personality traits that both distinguish scientists from members of other occupations and related these to their career satisfaction. A sample of 2,015 scientists had significantly higher levels of openness, intrinsic motivation, and tough‐mindedness, and significantly lower levels of assertiveness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, extraversion, optimism, and visionary style than a sample of nonscientists (n = 78,753). Seven traits were significantly correlated with the career satisfaction of scientists: agreeableness/teamwork, assertiveness, emotional stability, extraversion, openness, optimism, and work drive. Based on these results, a psychological profile of scientists was presented. Findings were discussed in terms of the functional value and person–occupation fit of these traits for the work of scientists. Implications were described for the recruitment, selection, management, and promotion of scientists, as well as their training, development, coaching, counseling, and mentoring.     

开创中国和世界玩具营销新格局 第10届中国澄海国际玩具礼品博览会圆满闭幕——中国玩具礼品城—澄海展示交易中心正式常年开放

4月21日,广东省汕头市澄海展览中心彩旗飘扬,锣鼓喧天。第10届中国澄海玩具礼品博览会在此隆重召开。虽然受台风影响,当日举办开幕式时天降大雨,但这丝毫没有影响到万众瞩目的盛会召开。4月21日至24日,为期4天的展会,共接待了来自美国、英国、德国、法国、日本、巴西、阿根廷、印度、泰国、阿联酋、伊朗、埃及、安哥拉、澳大利亚等5大洲65个国家和包括台湾、香港、北京、上海、天津、重庆、四川、湖南、江西、广西、河北、辽宁、黑龙江、新疆等30多个省（市）自治区90多个城市的上万名专业买家前来参观洽谈,展会取得空前成就,为10届的澄海国际玩博会写上了圆满的句号!     

关中环线临渭段滑坡成因分析与防治对策

为分析陕西关中环线滑坡对公路的影响,找出滑坡的成因及整治方法,对滑坡进行实地调查,分析了气象、地形地貌、水文、地质构造、底层岩性与地震等主要孕灾环境条件,通过现场监测数据,从地层岩性、地形地貌、气象水文及地下水等方面阐述了地层岩性不均匀、地形整体性差、区域集中强降水及地下水位高等滑坡的形成原因和致灾机理,根据滑坡稳定性计算结果和地形地质条件,提出了以抗滑桩支护、地下排水和回填压脚等方式组合的滑坡综合防治对策。     

机械故障的形成和预防

机械经过长期的使用后,零件或者配合件由于磨损变形,疲劳、腐蚀、穴蚀松动或者其他原因失去了原始的工作性能,使机械的技术状态逐渐变差,出现了工作不正常,甚至不能继续工作的现象,这种现象通称为机械故障,为了使机器处于正常良好的技术状态,必须设法防止和减少故障的发生,机器事故性破坏是可以避免的,但自然损坏不能完全避免,只要掌握零件的磨损规律,采取各种预防措施,是可以大大减轻的。     

中国玩具礼品城——澄海展示交易中心

一、专业买家的比例和分布情况 1、国际买家（包括港澳台）占9．5％，来自约旦、韩国、俄罗斯、伊朗、委内瑞拉、印尼、泰国、科威特、香港、台湾，共10个国家或地区。     

镭射镀铝膜用水性背胶的研究

通过对镭射镀铝膜的烫印原理、烫印工艺进行深入地分析,考察烫印温度、压力、时间与烫印效果的关系,提出了镭射镀铝膜用水性背胶替代油性背胶的可行性,并结合纸张印刷品用水性光油的研究成果,探究镭射镀铝膜用水性背胶的参考配方与制备工艺。针对水性背胶在使用过程中可能出现的成膜性、回黏、附着力、分切性等情况进行了针对性的解决,经中试验证,使用水性背胶的镭射镀铝膜完全满足烫印的要求,可用于纸张、塑料、皮革、布料、无纺布等材料的烫印。该产品符合化工行业发展水性化的趋势,市场应用前景广阔。     

Book reviews

de Geus, Arie The Living Company
Christensen, C.M. The Innovator's Dilemma – When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail
Endres, A. Improving R&D Performance the Juran Way
Oakey, R. and Mukhtar, S‐M. (eds) New Technology‐Based Firms in the 1990s, Volume III
Kim, Linsu Imitation to Innovation: The Dynamics of Korea's Technological Learning
Ashton, D. and Green, F. Education, Training and the Global Economy
Rossval, Bjorn L. The Business Engineer
Augsdorfer, P. Forbidden Fruit: An Analysis of Bootlegging, Uncertainty and Learning in Corporate R&D
Tidd, J.; Bessant, J. and Pavitt, K. Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological, Market and Organizational Change     

The ecosystem as helix: an exploratory theory-building study of regional co-opetitive entrepreneurial ecosystems as Quadruple/Quintuple Helix Innovation Models

Regions are increasingly being viewed as eco-systemic agglomerations of organizational and institutional entities or stakeholders with socio-technical, socio-economic, and socio-political conflicting as well as converging (co-opetitive) goals, priorities, expectations, and behaviors that they pursue via entrepreneurial development, exploration, exploitation, and deployment actions, reactions and interactions. In this context, our paper aims to explore and profile the nature and dynamics of the Quadruple/Quintuple Helix Innovation System Model or Framework (government, university, industry, civil society, environment) as an enabler and enactor of regional co-opetitive entrepreneurial ecosystems which we conceptualize as fractal, multi-level, multi-modal, multi-nodal, and multi-lateral configurations of dynamic tangible and intangible assets within the resource-based view and the new theory of the growth of the firm. Co-opetitive fractal innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystems are defined and discussed, and examples of regional innovation policies and programs are presented. Furthermore, the concept of multi-level innovation systems is analyzed, taking into account the existence of knowledge clusters and innovation networks, while alternative aggregations of multi-level innovation systems are proposed based on their spatial (geographical) and non-spatial (research-based) functional properties.     

孟津煤矿11011综采工作面切眼大断面全煤锚网支护技术初探

传统综采工作面切眼掘进普遍采用梯形断面,支护方式多采用木棚或者双工字钢棚进行支护,进行分次刷扩,掘进速度慢,材料消耗大,配置人员多,劳动强度大,人工费用高,安全系数相对较低。且此种传统的切眼支护方式制约工作面安装速度,安装过程中存在较大安全隐患。针对此种情况,孟津矿通过现场观测,验证锚网支护的合理性,达到了降低支护成本,改善支护状况,提高掘进速度,加快工作面安装,最终实现孟津矿井如期投产。     

The Manufacturing Strategy and Competitive Priority of SMEs in Taiwan: A Case Survey

This research investigates the competitive priorities and manufacturing strategic decisions of small and medium enterprises (SME) in Taiwan. The method of case survey is used to tap 33 published case reports on SMEs' operations. It is revealed that quality is perceived the most important among the seven competitive priorities, i.e. quality, dependability, cost, flexibility, innovation, service, and time. The relative importance of the ten strategic decisions is found in the following sequence: product development, workforce, organization, control system, technology, quality program, facilities, vertical integration, capacity, performance measurement. Managerial implications drawn from the research findings are discussed. Observations about the owners of SMEs are also briefed.     

我国装配式住宅发展的对策研究

装配式住宅作为绿色环保建筑,具有许多优势,它不仅可以缩短房屋建筑的建设周期,低碳节能、绿色环保,还能节约劳动力、提高生产效率、确保住宅工程的质量。欧美的一些国家已经成功应用和推广装配式住宅,例如:法国、德国、瑞典等国家是较早推行建筑工业化的国家,装配式住宅的应用已经普及,美国的装配式住宅盛行于20世纪70年代,日本装配式住宅技术发展也很成熟。我国装配式住宅虽然起源于50年代初,但是,几经周折到90年代才开始积极推进,目前存在着建造成本较高、行业技术不成熟、缺少专业人才、缺乏完善的装配式住宅技术标准和管理体系等问题。因此,需要通过控制装配式住宅的经济成本、加大政府扶持力度、加快装配式住宅产业链建设、完善管理体系和相关规范标准、多渠道培养装配式住宅设计和施工专业人才等途径促进我国装配式住宅的发展。     

HOW MUCH DOES INDUSTRY MATTER,REALLY?

In this paper, we examine the importance of year, industry, corporate-parent, and business-specific effects on the profitability of U.S. public corporations within specific 4-digit SIC categories. Our results indicate that year, industry, corporate-parent, and business-specific effects account for 2 percent, 19 percent, 4 percent, and 32 percent, respectively, of the aggregate variance in profitability. We also find that the importance of the effects differs substantially across broad economic sectors. Industry effects account for a smaller portion of profit variance in manufacturing but a larger portion in lodging/entertainment, services, wholesale/retail trade, and transportation. Across all sectors we find a negative covariance between corporate-parent and industry effects. A detailed analysis suggests that industry, corporate-parent, and business-specific effects are related in complex ways. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

提高我国预算透明度问题分析

本文对我国预算透明度现状进行了分析。近年来我国政府在立法、编制、审批、执行和审计方面为提高预算透明度做出了努力,法律体系逐步完善,科目设置更加科学,执行更加有力,监督更加到位,社会公众参与热情提高。但是,预算公开法律层次依然不高,收支涵盖资金不完全,审批时间短,审计部门独立性弱,都制约了预算透明度的进一步提高。针对这些问题,本文提出政府和公民要积极转变观念,实现双方良性互动;推动制度建设,编制全口径预算,强化预算审批作用;完善财政管理信息系统的改革,以此来提高我国预算透明度。     

Book Reviews

Martino, Joseph P., Research and development project selection
Gibbons, Michael; Limoges, Camille; Nowotny, Helga; Schwartzman, Simon; Scott, Peter and Trow, Martin, The new production of knowledge: the dynamics of research in contemporary studies
Oakey R. (ed.), New technology-based firms in the 1990s — Volume II
Hagedoorn, John and Elgar, Edward (eds), Technical change and the world economy: convergence and divergence in technology strategies
Rip, A.; Misa, T.J. and Schot, J., Managing technology in society: the approach of constructive technology assessment
Dodgson, Mark and Bessant, John, Effective innovation policy: a new approach
Rogers, Beth, Creating Product Strategies     

油田常用非金属管道的质量控铜及相关标准的研究

非金属管道在解决油田腐蚀问题上取得了明显的效果,通过工程实际应用,大多数非金属管道生产运行基本正常,但部分工程在生产维修上存在一定问题,暴露出不同程度的渗漏、断裂损坏等问题。为了进一步规范非金属管道的工程设计、产品检验、施工与验收、维护和管理工作,有必要完善非金属管道标准体系。重点对油田实际应用的非金属管道设计选用条件、基本规定、技术界限、计算方法及管道敷设与连接等,以及产品检验、施工验收、维护和管理中应执行的标准进行了研究。