柏克德（Bechtel）——安全管理与知识管理造就全美行业翘楚

介绍了全球著名的美国第一大建筑承包商——柏克德（Bechtel）公司的总体情况,分析了该公司的国际和国内市场的经营业绩、业务范围、主营业务。重点从安全管理、知识管理两大核心竞争力剖析了柏克德公司实现可持续发展的源动力。通过比较研究,总结了柏克德公司对我国建筑企业的借鉴意义,并为我国建筑企业学习柏克德公司的先进经验提出了具体举措。     

Process safety management within Dupont

This paper presents and discusses the principles and essential features of a process safety management system which if practiced and implemented will prevent industrial catastrophes. The importance of the corporate mission/philosophy and of establishing that sense of operating discipline are also discussed. The corporate mission/philosophy provides the leadership and foundation for a process safety management system. Operating discipline is what takes a process safety management effort from a “paper” program to an “action” program!     

我国向欧美扩大出口纺织品的应对之策

欧美是世界上最大的纺织品及服装进口国和地区，同时也是我国的纺织品出口的主要市场。长期以来，我国纺织服装出口受其配额的限制，通过长期艰苦的谈判，我国已正式成为世界贸易组织成员。作为目前世界上最大的纺织品服装出口国，一旦取消配额，会不会像人们预期的那样我国纺织品服装在欧美市场的份额大幅提升，甚至翻番？笔者认为，中国的纺织品出口将面临新的发展机遇与挑战，挑战大于机遇。鉴于机遇已有大量文章论述，本文将就我国纺织品出口将遇到的挑战作一专门的论述，以期抛砖引玉。 1.《纺织品服装协议》(以下简称ATC)执行不…     

Comparing technology education in the U.S. and U.K.

British and American discourses and experiences with respect to technology education are compared. Out of this comparison important issues are identified that have implications for the larger ongoing conversation on technology beyond these countries. They include the role of the state in establishing and validating the subject, the dual claims of technology literacy and technological capability, and dual curricular approaches — content and process.     

Investor Rationality: Evidence from U.K. Property Capitalization Rates

Recent analyses have suggested the irrationality of Australian and U.S. office property investors in that they have failed to raise capitalization rates sufficiently at rental cyclical peaks to account for the obvious mean reversion in real rents and thus have significantly overvalued properties. In this article, we present a model of capitalization rates and explain U.K. office and retail cap rates in an error correction framework. We demonstrate that our proxies for expected real rental growth do, in fact, forecast future real growth and that cap rates reflect rational expectations of mean reversion in future real cash flows. Moreover, property cap rates are linked to the equity capitalization rate (dividend/price ratio) and expected real dividend growth in the expected manner.     

Fifty Years of U.K. Competition Policy

The first statute of modern times in Britaindealing with competition policy was passed 50years ago. Since then the policy has beenextended and changed in a number of ways butusually in a piecemeal fashion. The 50thanniversary coincides with probably the greatestchange in U.K. policy, embodied in the 1998Competition Act. The paper reviews the changingscope of the policy, its effects and weaknesses.It also considers the likely future impact ofthe new Act.     

Corporate tournaments and executive compensation: Evidence from the U.K.

This study tests the implications of tournament theory using data on 100 U.K. stock market companies, covering over 500 individual executives, in the late 1990s. Our results provide some evidence consistent with the operation of tournament mechanisms within the U.K. business context. Firstly, we find a convex relationship between executive pay and organizational level and secondly, that the gap between CEO pay and other board executives (i.e., tournament prize) is positively related to the number of participants in the tournament. However, we also show that the variation in executive team pay has little role in determining company performance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

1600只“熊猫”现身巴黎广场吁环保

10月18日．在法国首都巴黎，1600只纸制熊猫被放置在广场上供人们参观。这一活动由世界自然基金会（WWF）发起，旨在呼吁人们保护为数不多的大熊猫，同时提醒人们保护赖以生存的自然环境。     

Costs and escalation on U.K. aerospace projects

Cost escalation on aircraft projects is a frequent source of controversy. This paper presents a framework for analysing such escalation and assesses the contribution of technical advance, duration and the pressure of demand.     

Management control systems and their effects on strategy formation at middle‐management levels: evidence from a U.K. organization

The relationship between management control systems (MCS) and the strategy process is a largely unexplored area of strategic management. This paper reports the findings of an in‐depth, longitudinal case study of a major British‐based organization operating within the increasingly globalized telecommunications industry. Informed by Simons' ( 1991 , 1994 , 1995 ) theoretical model of the strategy process–MCS relationship, the study examines the nature and extent of this relationship at middle‐ and lower‐management levels. Of particular interest were the effects that the design and use of three groups of MCS have on the development of new ideas and initiatives. Findings suggest that beliefs systems influence managers' initiation or ‘triggering’ decisions, the use of administrative controls affects the location of strategic initiatives and may lead to the polarization of roles, and simultaneous emphasis on a range of key performance indicators can create a bias towards one set of measures and against another. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Enterprise modeling and integration: A stochastic management approach

Recently, my book by Matsui has been published in Japanese, and the title is “Management of Manufacturing Enterprise: Profit Maximization and Factory Science.” Enterprise/Factory Science means the system science of the 3M & I, in which is the complex of huMan, Material/Machine, Money and Information, and would contribute to enterprise modeling and integration issues. This paper presents the problem of enterprise/factory science, and discusses a class of 3M & I system by a stochastic management approach. First, the 3M & I system is defined, and a variety vs. structure is introduced. Next, the two structures of management are distinguished, and the demand-to-supply and process-cycle management are discussed by structural modeling.     

Market Power and Joint Dominance in U.K. Brewing

Market power and joint dominance are examined in U.K. brewing. I assess unilateral and coordinated effects, where the latter is equated with joint dominance, and show how one can distinguish between the two econometrically. The application makes use of two demand equations: the nested logit of McFadden [1978a] and the distance-metric of Pinkse, Slade, and Brett [2002] . The two equations yield very different predictions concerning elasticities and markups. Nevertheless, although there is evidence of market power using either demand model, that power is due entirely to unilateral effects. In other words, neither model uncovers evidence of coordinated effects (tacit collusion).     

Input demands and elasticities in U.K. defence industries

It is often claimed that U.K. arms industries are inefficient. This paper considers the input demand behaviour of defence industries. Two hypotheses are formulated relating to input inelasticity and the resource effects of cuts in military spending. First, it is predicted that the demand elasticities of inputs in defence industries will be lower than those in similar civilian sectors. Second, defence reviews are expected to have a ‘shock effect’ resulting in a ‘shake-out’ of resources from weapons producers. The evidence suggests that the U.K.'s defence industries do not respond to price changes nor to defence reviews.     

Privatized Default Risk and Real Estate Recessions: The U.K. Mortgage Market

A mortgage pricing model is developed when a borrower goes through a series of distress states, including delinquency, long-term nonpayment and ultimate default. These steps are sequential, and depend on prices and alternatives faced by the borrower. The multistate default model is applied to the mortgage market in the United Kingdom. As a byproduct, a pricing structure for the U.K. endowment mortgage, which combines a good and a life insurance policy, is developed. Income and liquidity constraints are shown to affect the decision to keep a mortgage current in different states of distress. Solvent borrowers may thus keep their mortgages current, even when equity is negative.