基于城镇分组数据的预防性储蓄研究

近年来,诸多学者从预防性储蓄的角度解释我国居民储蓄持续增长的现象。然而,作者通过对城镇居民家庭消费性支出分组数据的研究发现,1996—2008年我国城镇居民年平均预防性储蓄占储蓄增量的比重仅为24.54%,占可支配收入的比重为4.32%,并且,所有的收入分组都具有较低的预防性储蓄边际收入倾向,这说明预防性储蓄对于解释我国储蓄持续增长和消费疲软的现象十分乏力。     

储蓄和消费：群体规范对自我建构的影响

储蓄和消费对国家经济的发展有着极大的影响，如果要改变中国蔓见有的低消费高储蓄的现状，必须从个人的储蓄消费行为着手，研究可能对个人的储蓄和消费行为产生影响的因素。文章研究了自我建构和群体规范的交互作用对人们储蓄和消费的影响，研究发现：相依自我在群体规范分别表现为消费和储蓄时，其消费意愿有着显著差异，而独立自我在群体规范分别表现为储蓄和消费时，消费意愿没有显著差异。研究探索了影响储蓄和消费行为的因素，丰富了自我建构和储蓄消费相关理论，对降低储蓄促进消费有着一定的指导意义。     

高增长导致高储蓄:一个基于消费攀比的解释

本文在一个引入消费攀比的离散时间、内生增长模型中,讨论了增长与储蓄的关系。在引入理性消费攀比后,不仅高储蓄可以导致高增长,高增长也可以导致高储蓄,其原因是攀比效应同时提高了现在消费和未来消费的边际效用,当公众提高当前消费时,会导致未来消费低于其他个体,从而造成个体未来效用的较大损失,这从理论上支持了增长导致储蓄的观点,也为近年来中国消费需求不旺、储蓄率偏高的问题提供了一个可能的解释。     

媒体瞭望

《小康》2013年第2期封面故事:中国人怎么花钱《小康》杂志调查发现,大部分国人每月自由支配的消费支出占收入的比例仅为10%至30%,中国人在"左手赚钱、右手花钱"的同时,双手还都要兼顾着"存钱",88.6%的受访者有储蓄习惯。消费问题终究要回到收入的"原点",如果中国老百姓的钱袋子不饱和,又怎能进一步考虑消费、投资和储蓄?只有扭转人们对于未来收入的预期,才能真正提升人们的消费倾向,而出台收入分配改革这样的政策会对此有大的帮助。     

从居民储蓄动机浅析我国储蓄分流问题

根据凯恩斯的“三动机学说”，我国居民持有货币进行储蓄的动机无外乎以下三点：第一，消费动机。近几年来，我国居民的收入水平逐年上升，但由于消费结构、商品供给结构的不匹配，对消费的不合理限制，降低了广大居民的消费倾向，使得广大居民用于消费和交易动机的储蓄逐年增加。     

收入、社会地位及居民消费

中国居民的储蓄倾向长期保持在较高的水平而且还有进一步增加的趋势。具体来说,中国城市居民的平均消费倾向由1997年的86%已经下降至2006年的81%。面对这一现象,学术界给出了很多解释。在这里,我们试图从收入差距解释中国居民日益下降的消费趋向。     

浅析我国利率市场化对经济体系的影响研究

对我国经济的利率市场化的研究,其实质问题就是市场化的利率及其变化对消费、储蓄、投资等整个经济体系的影响.文章基于前人的研究,对利率变化对消费、储蓄、投资的影响进行了简单的计量分析,指出随着利率市场化的进一步完善,利率指标对宏观经济的影响效应在逐渐增加,最后提出利率市场化改革的推进策略.     

利息税与利率政策的不同效用之分析

利息税,全称为"储蓄存款利息所得个人所得税",调整利息税将直接影响居民的收入水平和收入分配,进而影响居民储蓄和消费倾向,因此,调整利息税也就成为宏观经济调控的工具之一。我国目前     

利率与货币需求之间的关系研究

降息与货币需求 西方经济学的利率决定论大都着眼于货币供求的分析,认为利率是种价格.其分歧在于什么样的供求关系决定利率.马歇尔的实际利率论强调的是非货币的实际因素,生产率和节约在利率决定中的作用,生产率由边际投资倾向表示,节约用边际储蓄倾向表示,利率的变化则取决于投资量和储蓄量的均衡点.     

预防性储蓄动机对消费的影响及其强度估计——基于1992—2012年城镇居民的实证研究

本文使用省（市）数据研究收入不确定性对我国城镇居民消费增长的影响,结果显示：（一）由于不确定性的存在,城镇居民消费增速只有确定性环境下消费增长的30．5％;（二）我国城镇居民尽管普遍存在着较强的预防性储蓄动机,但是各地区储蓄动机不平衡,其中西部最强,中部次之,东部最弱,且中部和东部差异较小,西部与中部和东部差异最大;（三）样本期间全国及分地区城镇居民相对谨慎系数呈下降一平稳一上升的走势。城镇居民消费增长慢于个人可支配收入的增长以及居民预防性储蓄动机强度的区域和时序差异提示我们：各地区的产业结构和经济发展水平的不同,也是影响各地区收入结构和储蓄动机的因素。本文的创新在于提出：全国性和区域性经济环境或经济政策差异,会造成不同地区的城镇居民预防性储蓄动机的强度发生相对变化。     

深圳市线路板蚀刻废液中铜、砷、铅、汞、镉含量调查

对深圳市60家线路板企业含铜蚀刻废液中铜、砷、铅、汞、镉含量的检测结果显示:酸、碱性蚀刻废液铜含量范围分别为38.6～167.9g/L、53.7～171.8g/L,,通过测量比重推算铜含量适用于碱性废液但不适合酸性废液.56个样品可检出砷(大于3mg/L).56个样品未检出铅(小于5mg/L),其余4个铅含量偏高.所有样品汞、镉均未检出,含量分别小于4mg/L、0.3 mg/L.将各样品砷、铅、汞、镉含量实测值换算为铜含量100ga.时的相对值后发现,上述四元素在蚀刻废液中的正常值分别为＜12mgAs/L、＜5 mg Pb/L、＜4 mg Hg/L、＜0.3 mg Cd/L.     

Industry specialization, diversification, churning, and unemployment in Chinese cities

This paper studies how industry specialization, diversification, and churning affect unemployment rates in Chinese cities. Using a city level panel data set from 1997 to 2006, we find that in contrast to the evidence from developed countries, industry diversity is positively and significantly associated with unemployment rates, possibly due to the high degree of industry churning during the sample period. We also find that the specialization of construction industry and wholesale and retail trade industry can significantly decrease unemployment rate, but specializing in finance industry increases unemployment rate. Urban growth, market maturity measured by the proportion of private sector employment, and human capital can decrease unemployment rate. The effect of industry structure on unemployment instability is also discussed.     

Aging,automation, and productivity in Korea

This paper examines the impact of aging in the Republic of Korea on productivity as measured by labor productivity or total factor productivity (TFP). It also assesses the effect of robot adoption on the relation between aging and productivity using industrial level data. We find that aging is negatively associated with labor productivity and TFP growth. This is true particularly when aging is measured by increases in shares of old workers. If aging is measured by increases in the median age of workers, the negative effect is weaker. Evidence also suggests that robot technology mitigates aging's negative effect on productivity growth, particularly when productivity is measured by TFP. However, there is no evidence that robots are more heavily adopted in aged industries. While robot technology does not directly contribute to higher productivity growth, our findings suggest that the robot adoption can alleviate the negative impact of aging by helping workers in their 50s and 60s contribute less adversly to productivity growth.     

Relationship among personality traits, leadership behavior, and job stress in nurses in Yunlin, Taiwan

This study probes into the relationships among personality traits, leadership behavior, and job stress in nurses in Yunlin, Taiwan. The major questions addressed are as follows： What model precisely portrays the relationships among personality traits, leadership behavior, and job stress？ Exploration of the causal pathways among these variables revealed a suitable model. A structured, self-administered questionnaire with three scales was distributed to the subjects. The questionnaires were submitted to 350 nurses and 284 questionnaires were completed accounting for a response rate of 81.1 percent. The data were analyzed by statistic analysis including frequencies, means, path analysis using computer program SPSS for windows 14.0 and LISREL 8.7. Results demonstrated a significant, direct, and positive effect of personality traits on leadership behavior, as well as a significant negative indirect effect of personality traits on job stress through leadership behavior was also revealed in the findings. All paths in the model were significant （P〈0.1）. After the analysis of LISREL, the suitability of the framework was fine and proved that the model was applicable for the research. The results of this study will be used as a reference to develop strategies for human resource management.     

Prostitutes,Pimps, and Brothels: Intermediaries,Information, and Market Structure in Prostitution Markets

Prostitution is a multi‐billion dollar, globally distributed, low‐concentration service industry that is receiving increasing attention in the economics literature. This article focuses on a widespread, but little studied, feature of this environment—the role of intermediaries (pimps or brothel owners) on market outcomes. Prostitution laws and markets are perhaps unique in that transactions between principals (prostitutes and johns) are legal in many countries, while intermediary activity (pimping) is illegal. After surveying the varying cross‐country legality of agents we develop a simple theoretical model to analyze how the presence or absence of intermediaries shifts the distribution of market surplus. We show that eliminating pimps and brothels may shift surplus in non‐obvious ways, depending on the precise function they perform and on whether equilibrium is pooling or separating across “high quality” and “low quality” market segments. The implications of alternative policy regimes (intermediaries legal or illegal) are considered.