What farmer types are most likely to adopt joint venture farm business structures?

Joint venture (JV) farm structures have the potential to increase the productivity and profitability of traditional family farms. However, such structures are not widely adopted within the farm business community. Furthermore, knowledge on the relative attractiveness of different JV models to farmers is limited. We use a choice experiment to explore what JV structures are preferred by Australian farmers, and how farmers’ socio‐demographic and attitudinal characteristics influence the type of JV structure preferred. A latent class analysis revealed significant unobserved preference heterogeneity amongst the population. We identify four latent classes that differ in their preferences regarding the number of JV partners, access to new machinery, and/or the opportunity for additional annual leave. All classes of farmers displayed positive preferences for operational decision‐making with other JV partners, although they varied in their preferences towards final operational responsibility. The diversity in preferences shows that there is no ‘one size fits all’ JV design, leaving opportunities for a range of JV decision models. Such flexibility in JV design is likely to have advantages when seeking JV partners, with a significant proportion of the sampled population open to collaborative decision‐making models.     

现行矿权收益管理制度分析

我国采取两权有偿取得制度以来 ,由于矿权收益分配制度不完善 ;收益分配结构不合理 ;收益种类和名称混乱以及矿权收益的非充分实现等缺陷带来了诸多问题 ,因此 ,调整、改革目前的矿权收益管理制度势在必行。应从完善矿权收益管理和分配的法律法规、改革现行的税费体系、建立合理的收益分配调节机制 ,实现收益最大化等方面入手 ,对矿权收益管理制度进行改革和完善。     

农户参加商业保险意愿研究——以黑龙江省大兴农场为例

以大兴农场为例,通过实地调查法、数据分析法将实践与理论相结合,探讨大兴农场商业保险的实施现状和问题,从供给和需求两个方面分析影响农场农民参加商业保险意愿的因素,有针对性的提出了发展商业保险要拓宽获得经济来源渠道,设计具有针对性的保险产品,政府加强监管提高保险公司赔付力度的对策建议。     

Predator or prey? Effects of farm growth on neighbouring farms

We provide explorative insights on how farms which manage strong and successful growth affect farms in their neighbourhoods through spatial competition for land. The study is based on an exploratory analysis of repeated framed experiments within the business game FarmAgriPoliS (Appel & Balmann, Ecological Complexity, 40, 2019). In particular, we analyse the spatial influences of different behavioural clusters of farm managers. Our analysis finds that farms which manage strong growth substantially affect the development of farms in a spatial neighbourhood of some 10 km. Although the influence on the neighbourhood decreases with distance, the functional correlations of farm growth as well as exits are neither linear nor exponential, but eventually rather wave-like. We further discuss the spatial interdependence of farms and the related overlaps of the predator–prey phenomenon with the phenomena of farms' path dependency and agricultural structural change. We conclude that along with farmers' strategies and their abilities, the characteristics of their neighbours and the distances between neighbouring farms also determine who is ‘predator’ and who is ‘prey’.     

食品安全管理体系对技术效率和经营利润的影响——基于精制茶加工企业面板数据的实证分析

在提出研究假说的基础上,利用2006~2009年的精制茶加工企业平衡面板数据,构建模型分析了食品安全管理体系、市场化进程对企业技术效率和经营利润的影响。研究结果表明:HACCP、ISO22000:2005和市场化进程都有显著的正向影响作用;HACCP对市场化进程与企业发展关系具有明显的反向调节作用,即市场化程度越低的地区,HACCP的影响作用越大;但是ISO22000:2005暂时没有表现出这一特点。因此,在加强茶叶行业的食品安全管理体系建设同时,应充分考虑到不同地区市场化进程的异质性,特别是在信息不通畅、市场化程度偏弱的地区,企业更应积极采纳食品安全管理体系的先进管理理念与生产设备,由此提高自身市场地位和竞争实力。政府则应大力向消费者进行有关食品安全管理体系的科普宣传工作,从而更好地解决食品安全中的信息不对称问题。     

法学视角中的农村土地三权分离改革

研究目的:探讨农村土地所有权、土地承包权和土地经营权的三权分离改革是否符合法学原理,研究如何推进相应的制度建设。研究方法:文献资料法,归纳演绎法,比较分析法等。研究结果:土地承包经营权不能分离为独立的土地承包权和土地经营权;土地所有权是法律概念,而土地承包权和土地经营权不是法律概念,因此农村土地三权分离存在明显的法学悖论。研究结论:法学中的权利与经济学中的产权具有较大的区别,必须在物权债权二元财产权体系中确定农村土地的权利结构。     

Government Payments and Farm Business Survival

Using farm-level panel data from recent U.S. Agricultural Censuses, this study examines how direct government payments influence the survival of farm businesses, paying particular attention to the differential effect of payments across farm-size categories. A Cox proportional hazards model is used to estimate the effect of government payments on the instantaneous probability of a farm business failure, controlling for farm and operator characteristics. Results indicate that an increase in government payments has a small but statistically significant negative effect on the rate of business failure, and the magnitude of this effect increases with farm size.     

浅析如何提升农业科研院所人事档案管理效能

[目的]家庭农场是实现农业现代化的重要主体,进一步研究粮食类家庭农场培育的影响因素并提出培育对策和建议,对于确保粮食安全和实现农民增收具有重要意义.[方法]文章以山东省齐河县、肥城市、寿光市、安丘市、即墨市、莱州市的粮食类家庭农场为研究对象,进行问卷调研,然后运用描述统计、均值分析、因子分析和回归分析等方法,分析粮食类家庭农场的经营现状及其成立和经营的影响因素.[结果]分别对应家庭农场成立和家庭农场经营等2个因变量,运用SPSS19.0软件进行线性回归分析,分析结果P值均为0.000,说明模型能够有效反映影响因素对家庭农场的成立存在显著的影响,有效反映影响因素对家庭农场的经营存在显著的影响;Durbin-Watson值分别为2.292、2.156,均介于1~3之间,说明回归模型残差独立,回归模型有效.[结论](1)社会化服务已经不再是培育家庭农场的障碍,农场主可以容易地获得生产资料、生产技术、生产过程服务,从劳务市场雇佣劳动者以及将农产品销售出去;(2)农场主和劳动雇工、资金及土地是培育家庭农场的主要影响因素;(3)产业带动对家庭农场的培育影响不显著;(4)基础设施对家庭农场的成立存在一定影响.     

国有林场森林资源经营模式改革的思考

国有林场在我国林业建设事业中起到了十分重要的作用。随着林改的不断深化,国有林场也积极谋求新的发展路子,分析国有林场的经营现状及其发展中存在的主要问题,针对国有林场在经营发展中面临着重重困难,如何搞好国有林场的林业分类经营,更好地实现生态与经济的双重效益,提出改革建议。     

河北省国有林场森林采伐管理改革意愿分析

以河北省3个典型国有林场为研究对象,采用参与式半结构调查方法,对森林采伐现状和改革意愿进行调查分析表明,现行采伐制度存在着分类管理类型多、审批手续复杂,并且与森林经营方案脱节等问题,森林采伐管理制度已经不能完全适应森林可持续经营要求。政策建议:逐步建立以森林经营方案为核心的森林资源管理制度,强化森林经营方案编制与执行力度。     

国有林场森林资源可持续经营问题与对策

以国有林场森林资源可持续经营作为研究对象,分析可持续经营中存在的问题,提出了解决林地林权纠纷,落实山林权属;加强生态林建设与经营策略,提高森林质量,强化商品林经营的有效方法等方面的对策建议。     

Dynamic general equilibrium analysis of improved weed management in Australia's winter cropping systems*

A recent analysis indicated that the direct financial cost of weeds to Australia's winter grain sector was approximately $A1.2bn in 1998–1999. Costs of this magnitude represent a large recurring productivity loss in an agricultural sector that is sufficient to impact significantly on regional economies. Using a multi‐regional dynamic computable general equilibrium model, we simulate the general equilibrium effects of a hypothetical successful campaign to reduce the economic costs of weeds. We assume that an additional $50m of R&D spread over five years is targeted at reducing the additional costs and reduced yields arising from weeds in various broadacre crops. Following this R&D effort, one‐tenth of the losses arising from weeds is temporarily eliminated, with a diminishing benefit in succeeding years. At the national level, there is a welfare increase of $700m in discounted net present value terms. The regions with relatively high concentrations of winter crops experience small temporary macroeconomic gains.