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1.
The relationship between information and communication technology (ICT) and farm productivity remains unresolved and often debated with limited evidence. While ICT is generally accepted by many to be a positive driver of productivity, others question it. Realistically, truth is likely somewhere in between. Certain ICT investments are likely to facilitate productivity improvement, whereas others may offer some other benefits such as improved safety or reduced emissions. It is also undeniable that some ICT investments may fail or offer little more than a temporary novelty. Using a sample of Australian farm-level data, analysis in this paper finds a positive relationship between ICT investment and productivity. Specifically, the use of precision agriculture and machinery infused with ICT (such as GPS autosteering tractors) is found to be statistically significant. Moreover, digital internet access or access to the National Broadband Network (NBN) is found to be beneficial—and conversely, farms that reported mobile and internet connectivity problems tended to achieve lower productivity. 相似文献
2.
根据福建省安溪县656份的问卷调查数据,基于大五人格特质理论,运用结构方程模型分析人格特质对茶农的有机茶技术采纳行为的影响。结果表明:安溪县茶农的经营特征与其所处的技术环境对有机茶技术采纳行为不存在显著直接效应,但都通过技术采纳态度对技术采纳的行为产生正向影响作用,其中有机茶技术采纳态度起完全中介作用;人格特质对有机茶技术采纳行为既存在直接正向预测作用,又通过有机茶技术采纳态度对技术采纳行为产生间接正向预测作用,并且间接效应大于直接效应,起中介变量的作用。因此,运用人格测评工具来发挥技术采纳者的性格优势在技术采纳过程中的作用,释放有机茶技术的生态溢出效应,将为有机茶技术推广研究提供新思路。 相似文献
3.
[目的]新疆是我国农膜施用和农膜残留最严重的地区。基于农户调查数据,分析农户残膜回收方式和残膜回收机械化技术采纳,重点研究农地流转对农户残膜回收机械化技术采纳的影响,以期为新疆及全国农膜残膜污染治理提供了有益借鉴。[方法]文章采用描述性统计分析农户残膜回收方式和处置行为,运用Probit回归模型实证分析农地流转对农户残膜回收机械化技术采纳的影响。[结果]新疆农膜残膜回收方式目前主要依靠人工捡膜,而农地流转促进了农户采用残膜回收机械化技术;户主个体特征和政策因素是影响农户残膜回收的主要因素,而人均农业收入、耕地特征、残膜回收技术培训和订单农业生产对农户残膜回收机械化技术采纳产生重要影响。[结论]随着农业劳动力成本上升和耕地规模经营,人工残膜回收方式不具有可持续性,而农地流转后耕地规模经营有助于残膜回收机械化技术的应用,提高了耕地残膜回收率。因此,有序推进农地流转规模经营,促进农户残膜回收机械化技术采纳是未来残膜污染治理的必然选择。 相似文献
4.
[目的]以测土配方施肥技术为例,侧重于农户心理机制分析农户对环境友好型技术采纳意愿的影响因素,以期为促进环境友好型技术推广的政策制定提供参考。[方法]文章基于技术接受模型理论,运用江西省8县554户农户调查数据,借助结构方程模型对农户环境友好型农业技术采纳意愿的影响因素进行实证分析。[结果]效果展示对农户采纳意愿影响最为显著,且通过感知有用性和感知易用性对农户意愿产生正向影响;感知易用性和感知有用性是影响农户意愿的重要因素,且感知易用性对感知有用性能够产生正向影响;社会影响对农户采纳意愿和感知易用性有显著正向影响,但对感知有用性的影响作用不显著;采纳条件对农户感知有用性、易用性都没有显著性的影响,但对采纳意愿具有显著的负向影响作用。[结论]重视技术的效果展示,提升农户对环境友好型技术成效的认可程度;开发简捷易行的使用方法并加大宣传力度,提升农户对环境友好型技术的易用性和有用性感知;改善技术采纳条件,创新技术推广机制。 相似文献
5.
目的 现阶段,我国化肥低效、过量施用的现象较为普遍,不仅增加农作物种植成本,还会对农业生态环境造成严重负面影响。因此,优化施肥结构,推广有机肥替代化肥对于加快实现农业绿色高质量发展具有重要意义。文章以设施蔬菜为例,从技术环境视角出发,以技术创新扩散理论为基础,分析了菜农有机肥技术采纳行为的影响因素。方法 基于河南省440份设施菜农的调研数据,利用Heckman两阶段模型分析了技术环境对菜农是否采纳有机肥技术和采纳程度的影响,并运用Logit模型和断尾回归模型进行稳健性检验。结果 研究结果表明,大多数设施菜农都采纳了有机肥技术,但采纳程度较低。有机肥使用成本、家庭务农数量、农产品畅销度、农产品价值认可度、参加技术培训和有机肥补贴政策对菜农是否采纳有机肥技术具有显著影响,而有机肥购买成本、有机肥使用成本、家庭务农数量、蔬菜种植规模、农产品价值认可度和有机肥补贴政策对菜农有机肥技术采纳程度具有显著影响。结论 政府部门可以采用多元化培训、跟踪式咨询服务、社群型学习小组等方式创新菜农有机肥技术培训模式,同时,通过加大有机肥补贴范围和力度、加快有机肥施用机械设备研发等措施降低菜农有机肥替代成本,从而提高菜农有机肥技术采纳行为。 相似文献
6.
[目的]农户是否采用农业技术事关农业技术推广的最终成效,目前相关研究对技术采用的影响因素开展了大量研究,但基于农户个体对技术预期收益、成本、风险等各维度感知的影响研究还较为欠缺,文章拟从此视角开展探析。[方法]从“感知—行动”分析视角入手,基于338家农户的微观调研数据,综合运用验证性因子分析、多群组结构方程模型等研究方法,测度农户技术价值感知对其采用倾向的作用程度,并进一步考察各影响路径在决策者个体特征、地形条件、辐射圈层及农户是否参与农业组织等变量上的响应。[结果]预期收益和综合价值感知对农户的技术采用倾向有显著的正向作用,成本和收益风险感知则对其采用倾向有负向抑制作用; 决策者个体特征对技术综合价值感知及其影响采用倾向的程度有明显的调节作用; 农户的技术成本认知、收益与健康风险感知影响技术采用倾向存在显著的地理条件响应; 是否为农业合作组织(龙头企业)成员在农户的价值感知影响技术采用倾向各路径上存在较大差异。[结论]多渠道开展技术价值宣传、优化农业技术推广节点的空间布局、充分发挥新型农业经营主体的技术推广效用、加强农业技术价值感知的测度与引导等措施均可对提升农户技术采用意愿有较显著的推动作用。 相似文献
7.
Irrigation Technology Adoption and Gains from Water Trading under Asymmetric Information 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We develop a water allocation and irrigation technology adoption model under the prior appropriation doctrine with asymmetric information among heterogeneous farmers and between farmers and water authorities. We find that adverse selection reduces the adoption of modern irrigation technology. We also show that even with asymmetric information, incentives for water trade exist and lead to additional technology adoption with gains to all parties. This suggests that under asymmetric information, a thin secondary market improves the allocation of water resources and induces additional adoption of modern irrigation technologies. 相似文献
8.
[目的]随着化学肥料在全球范围的大量使用,所引起的农业面源污染问题不仅对整个生态系统造成的破坏难以估量,还直接影响了农民的切身利益。化肥减施增效技术是目前协调农业生产与环境保护的重要途径,但先进技术与生产应用之间存在不同程度上的脱节现象,这就需要将技术进一步物化,开展对技术“载体”的研究。[方法]农业经营主体是肥料施用最直接的载体,农户施肥行为的规范程度直接关系肥料利用的效率及对环境的污染程度,文章以采用化肥减施技术的水稻种植农户为研究对象、从技术增效角度入手、运用MOA理论构建分析框架,借助结构方程模型和mplus7.0软件、对角加权矩阵伴均值-方差校正卡方检验(WLSMV)方法对样本农户技术采纳行为的决策过程进行实证分析。[结果](1)采纳机会、采纳动机、抗风险能力都对农户采纳技术的行为规范在1%的显著性水平上具有正向影响;(2)技术认知对其行为规范的路径系数为负,假设未通过验证;(3)行为规范对行为效益的路径系数高达0.97,行为效益对采纳意愿的系数为0.9。[结论]影响农民行为的主客观因素中采纳动机是最显著的,行为执行的规范程度是决定其行为效益最直接、最重要的因素,行为效益又是... 相似文献
9.
[目的]伴随劳动力缺乏和用工成本的不断提高,机械化技术正快速进入中国的茶产业,为探寻茶产业生产机械化水平提高原因和机制,以及为茶农机械化技术采用行为的研究提供新的视角,以更好推动机械化技术应用到生产实践中。[方法]结合茶农技术选择的特征和影响因素,基于技术接受模型,构建了含有技术匹配、吸收能力两个外部变量的茶农对机械化技术采纳行为的模型。[结果]通过对1 246名茶农的实证研究表明,吸收能力与感知有用性、感知易用性、使用意向正相关,感知易用性与感知有用性、使用意向均正相关,感知有用性与使用意向正相关。技术匹配并不直接影响感知易用性,但是通过影响有用性正向影响使用意向,也直接影响使用意向。[结论]茶农对机械化技术的采用决策不仅受到自身对技术匹配的认知影响,而且受到吸收能力的影响,并且吸收能力的影响在决定技术采用时扮演着更为重要的角色。 相似文献
10.
Garth Holloway Donald J. Lacombe Timothy M. Shaughnessy 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》2014,65(2):463-484
The political economy literature on agriculture emphasises influence over political outcomes via lobbying conduits in general, political action committee contributions in particular, and the pervasive view that political preferences with respect to agricultural issues are inherently geographic. In this context, ‘interdependence’ in Congressional vote behaviour manifests itself in two dimensions. One dimension is the intensity by which neighbouring vote propensities influence one another, and the second is the geographic extent of voter influence. We estimate these facets of dependence using data on a Congressional vote on the 2001 Farm Bill using routine Markov chain Monte‐Carlo procedures and Bayesian model averaging, in particular. In so doing, we develop a novel procedure to examine both the reliability and the consequences of different model representations for measuring both the ‘scale’ and the ‘scope’ of spatial (geographic) co‐relations in voting behaviour. 相似文献
11.
Donna Brennan 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2007,51(3):323-341
The potential for improving irrigation scheduling decisions and adoption of more efficient irrigation systems is explored using a bioeconomic simulation model of lettuce production on the Gnangara Mound near Perth, Western Australia. Sandy soils with poor water and nutrient holding capacity are associated with declining marginal productivity of water at high water use, which would create an incentive to reduce water use and to adopt closer sprinkler spacing if farmers had correct information about the declining marginal productivity of water. Incorrect perceptions regarding water–yield relationships lead to over use of water by up to 50 per cent and reduce profits by 475 per crop hectare (12 per cent) in the short run, and remove the incentive to adopt more efficient systems in the long run. Higher water prices create an incentive to reduce irrigation scheduling time in the short term and to adopt more uniform sprinkler systems, and tend to reduce the discrepancies associated with poor information about the marginal productivity of water. The low level of adoption of efficient irrigation systems in the region might be explained partly by historically poor water governance and insufficient extension regarding water productivity and technology. 相似文献
12.
Despite more than three decades of promotion, conservation agriculture (CA) has not been widely adopted by smallholder farmer in sub-Saharan Africa. This low rate of adoption reflects substantial negative evaluation of CA by many smallholder farmers, the causes of which have not been adequately explored in an in-depth, qualitative manner. Hence, we implement the Livelihoods Platforms Approach to explore directly with negatively evaluating farmers the reasons why they chose not to implement CA using semi-structured interviews with 35 farmers from 23 communities in 6 African countries. While there are issues with perceived benefit and relevance, the primary driver of negative evaluation of CA was found to be the feasibility of implementation. The required resources to implement CA (financial, physical, human and informational) are limited by community and institutional constraints which appear unlikely to be overcome through interventions targeted at addressing household resources. More positive evaluation of CA by smallholder farmers requires: (1) development of financially viable CA adoption pathways; (2) incorporation of wider livelihood objectives into a CA ‘package’; (3) re-evaluation of current extension policy; and (4) development of CA-complementary agricultural policies. Without addressing these issues, the potential benefits of CA adoption are unlikely to be achieved in African smallholder systems. 相似文献
13.
For farmers in developing countries, the combination of both risk aversion and the lack of insurance is often a major impediment to adoption of productivity‐enhancing technologies, such as higher yielding hybrid seed. In a framed field experiment with Mexican maize farmers, we investigate whether bundling hybrid seed with an insurance scheme can increase its adoption, while also controlling for risk aversion. We test insurance schemes with different levels of risk coverage and premium subsidies and find that (1) all schemes significantly increase the degree of adoption of the higher yielding seed, (2) partial insurance schemes perform worse than full insurance, (3) weather index insurance with geographical basis risk performs no worse than indemnity insurance, and (4) premium subsidies significantly increase the adoption effect of indemnity insurance, but not that of index insurance. 相似文献
14.
[目的]马铃薯是全国重要的粮食作物,虽然多年来马铃薯种植的人工成本一直居高不下,但在实际生产中是否采纳机械化技术,丘陵山区的马铃薯种植户有很多的考量。文章通过分析丘陵山区种植户自身因素与环境外部因素对马铃薯机械化技术采纳的影响,为提升丘陵山区马铃薯农业机械化水平提供政策建议。[方法]将重庆市马铃薯种植区归纳为1h经济圈、渝东北、渝东南3个样本区域,收集201份马铃薯种植户调研问卷,构建二元选择Logit模型,定性分析15个影响丘陵山区马铃薯种植户机械化耕作、播种和收获技术采纳行为的因素。[结果]对丘陵山区马铃薯种植户而言,马铃薯种植面积、用地适宜机械化作业情况与主要劳动力年龄显著影响其对机械化耕作技术的采纳,示范户、种植区域以及购买机械、扩大面积的意愿显著影响其对马铃薯机械化播种与收获技术的采纳。[结论]通过提高马铃薯从业人员素质、扶持马铃薯示范户和合理优化产业布局来深入推进丘陵山区马铃薯机械化发展。 相似文献
15.
We use a detailed dataset to examine the impact of social networks, conditional on contextual and individual confounders, on farmers' adoption of competing improved soybean varieties in Ghana. Based on the contagion conceptual framework, we employ a spatial autoregressive multinomial probit model to examine how neighbours' varietal and cross-varietal adoption of improved varieties affect a farmer's adoption decision in the social network. Our results show that adoption decisions in a network tend to converge on one variety, such that beyond a threshold of adopting neighbours of that improved variety, the cross-varietal effects tend to lose significance in the network. If the shares of adopting neighbours of the improved varieties are equal, we find evidence that farmers are not more likely to adopt either improved variety compared to farmers with no neighbours who have adopted the improved varieties. The findings demonstrate the significance of neighbourhood effects in the adoption of competing technologies. 相似文献
16.
Productivity and Land Enhancing Technologies in Northern Ethiopia: Health, Public Investments, and Sequential Adoption 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Lire Ersado Gregory Amacher and Jeffrey Alwang 《American journal of agricultural economics》2004,86(2):321-331
The adoption of more efficient farming practices and technologies that enhance agricultural productivity and improve environmental sustainability is instrumental for achieving economic growth, food security, and poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa. Our research examines the interaction between public investments, community health, and adoption of productivity and land enhancing technologies by households in the northern Ethiopian state of Tigray. Agricultural technology adoption decisions are modeled as a sequential process where the timing of choices can matter. We find that time spent sick and opportunity costs of caring for sick family members are significant factors in adoption. Sickness, through its impact on household income and labor allocation decisions for healthcare and other activities, significantly reduces the likelihood of technology adoption. Our findings suggest that agencies working to improve agricultural productivity and land resource conservation should consider not only the financial status of potential adopters, but also their related health situation. 相似文献
17.
Khushbu Mishra Abdoul G. Sam Gracious M. Diiro Mario J. Miranda 《Agricultural Economics》2020,51(6):857-870
Very few empirical studies account for the dynamic nature of the agricultural technology adoption decision and none of these explores if this dynamic nature depends on the gender of the decision maker. Using four waves of a household-level Ugandan panel data, this is the first empirical analysis to account for self-learning (one's own adoption experience) in explaining current adoption decision in a developing country context, and the first to study the interaction between self-learning and gender. Technology adoption is defined as adoption of hybrid seed, inorganic fertilizer, or pesticides. Our results indicate that the dynamic panel data Probit model is superior to its static counterpart in the sense that self-learning, captured by lagged technology adoption indicators, is by far the most important determinant of technology adoption. We also find a weaker impact of self-learning for female-headed households than male-headed households. Female-headed households face fewer learning opportunities, which produce a lower self-learning impact in later periods, further exacerbating the gap in technology adoption among male- and female-headed households. 相似文献
18.
Better Technology, Better Plots, or Better Farmers? Identifying Changes in Productivity and Risk among Malagasy Rice Farmers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christopher B. Barrett Christine M. Moser Oloro V. McHugh and Joeli Barison 《American journal of agricultural economics》2004,86(4):869-888
We introduce a method for properly attributing observed productivity and risk changes among new production methods, farmers, and plots by controlling for farmer and plot heterogeneity. Results from Madagascar show that the new system of rice intensification (SRI) is indeed a superior technology. Although about half of the observed productivity gains appear due to farmer characteristics rather than SRI itself, the technology generates the estimated average output gains of more than 84%. The increased estimated yield risk associated with SRI would nonetheless make it unattractive to many farmers within the standard range of relative risk aversion. 相似文献
19.
Although meat demand is one of the most studied issues in agricultural economics, our understanding of this phenomenon has been hampered by valid concerns about model specification uncertainty. This article revisits the need for more general theories of aggregate U.S. meat demand. Using a Bayesian averaging of classical estimates approach, we draw comprehensive inferences over 1,048,576 demand systems. We find very little evidence supporting the need for more general theories that include demand determinants beyond prices and expenditures. We find strong evidence in support of symmetry and negativity, but strong evidence against homogeneity, which is consistent with other research. 相似文献
20.
[目的]文章基于农业技术培训主体异质性的视角,对农户绿色生产技术采纳行为的影响差异性进行理论探讨,并利用四川省836份农户微观调查数据进行检验。[方法]运用Oprobit模型进行实证分析,利用工具变量法(IV-Oprobit)进行内生性处理与稳健性检验。[结果](1)农技培训在1%的水平上显著正向影响农户绿色生产技术采纳行为,培训每增加1次,其采纳有机肥施用等5种绿色生产技术的概率提升3.1%;(2)不同培训主体对农户绿色生产技术采纳的影响具有差异化,以农民合作社为代表的经营性主体培训对农户技术采纳的促进效果最明显,政府农技部门公益性主体培训整体效果优于农业高校和科研院所等准公益性主体;(3)上述影响在不同年龄、受教育程度、家庭社会网络及种植规模的农户群体中也存在明显异质性。[结论] 3类主体开展培训均对绿色生产技术采纳行为有显著影响,农民合作社等经营性主体培训效果最明显。据此,提出构建多元化农业推广培训体系、鼓励农民合作社等经营性主体开展农技培训、推动高校和科研院所的人才科技优势与农技推广培训体系紧密结合等政策建议。 相似文献