探索城市规划项目开发审批过程中的公众参与

随着我国经济的快速发展,国家越来越重视城市规划项目开发审批过程。为了提升城市规划项目中的公众参与,可将其作为正式制度纳入城市规划工作程序中,促进编制的科学化与民主化,积极引导各级群众的参与,实现真正的公众参与。     

城市管理中公众参与问题分析

公众参与促进了城市管理的理念更新,本文运用制度分析方法,探讨了我国城市管理决策中公众参与的制度障碍,并借鉴发达国家的有益经验,从公众权利的具体化、社区自治建设、团队意识培养等方面,对我国公众参与的制度保障和创新进行了相应的分析。     

城市社区养老服务设施老年人满意度调研报告——以昆明市为例

随着社会快速进入老龄化的步伐,老年人对社区养老服务设施的需求与日俱增。以昆明市目前正在使用的8个社区养老服务设施中的老年人为调查对象,采用问卷调查法、访谈法、观察法对设施的使用时态进行调研,以社区内老年人的基本情况和对社区的满意度为切入点,总结出目前昆明市社区养老服务设施在建筑设计、经营管理方面的不足,并提出改善意见,以期为此类建设与改造提供有益的参考。     

Different Manifestations of the Concept of Empowerment: The Politics of Urban Renewal in the United States and the United Kingdom

Over the course of the 1990s the concept of empowerment became firmly established within the vocabulary of urban politics in several different national contexts. This article analyzes the spread of this concept by looking at the politics of urban renewal in the United States and the United Kingdom. It shows that even if (and possibly because) the definition of empowerment remained vague, the turn to empowerment came out of and contributed to a shift in the nature of urban politics and to a reconfiguration of governmental methods, the role of the state and, consequently, to changes in civil society, all of which were associated with a rise to prominence of a neoliberal perspective.     

How Culture and Economy Meet in South Korea: The Politics of Cultural Economy in Culture‐led Urban Regeneration

This article investigates the ways in which cultural economy is formed through negotiation and interaction between local actors in the case of culture‐led regeneration in Gwangju, South Korea. It looks at the dynamics between the bureaucrats' pursuit of economic growth in the city and the efforts of civil society to maintain a strong political spirit throughout the regeneration process. Through in‐depth interviews with various participants and archival analysis, the politics of cultural economy are examined in relation to the Gwangju Biennale and the City of Culture project. The findings show that in these two cases bureaucrats were the dominant force, a tendency that instrumentalized culture. They also illustrate that this dominance brought about resistance from civil society. However, in the process of both engaging in conflict and working with each other, the different discourses of economic growth and cultural meaning were integrated, and in the process mutual learning and adaptation took place among members of the two groups. Civil society also faced cleavages resulting from different approaches to how to collaborate with the bureaucrats and its ensuing self‐reflection on communicative value enhanced its rehabilitation. The article argues that the politics of cultural economy is dynamic, involving processes of renegotiation, adaptation and self‐realization. It also offers the possibility of a new arena for the public sphere. Civil society plays a critical role in the integration of culture and economy.     

基本养老保险参保行为分析:精算模型与政策模拟

本文依据我国最新的基本养老保险政策,采用精算方法构建了基本养老保险参保模型,对参保人的行为模式及影响因素展开分析;同时,还对缴费比率、退休年龄、个人账户记账比例、个人账户记账利率等政策变化对参保行为的影响进行了政策模拟。研究结果表明,在现行制度安排下,基本养老保险制度本身吸引力较低;在自愿参保方式下,大多数人将不愿意参保;同时,政策模拟结果表明降低缴费率与其他方式相比更能提高吸引力。     

操作风险管理的治本之道:金融制度创新

操作风险是当前商业银行所面临的主要风险之一。但是,与市场风险和信用风险相比,商业银行对操作风险的认识和管理都处于较低水平。在不否认进行思想教育能在一定程度上减少操作风险损失事件的同时,着重强调了制度缺陷是我国银行业操作风险产生的根本原因,只有加强金融制度创新才能从根本上防范和化解操作风险。     

城市规划的政策属性

通过对相关文献的解读,认为我国对城市规划政策属性的认识随着社会发展在不断深化,可以分为三个阶段。基于城市规划作为公共政策的定位,从多个视角对城市规划的政策属性展开研究,认为城市规划要真正实现向公共政策的转型,关键是按照公共政策的属性,重新系统地建构城市规划学科知识体系,尤其是要将城市规划纳入整个社会系统,进行制度创新。     

山东省出口增长与要素禀赋的协整分析

根据Granger因果检验方法和协整理论,利用山东省1986～2007年的经济数据,对山东省要素禀赋对出口增长的影响进行了实证分析。结果表明,山东省出口增长与要素禀赋之间存在单向的Granger因果关系,出口增长与要素禀赋之间存在着长期稳定的均衡关系。要素禀赋对出口增长有显著的促进作用,因此增加人均固定资本有利于外贸出口的增长[1]。     

Competing Visions of Community: Empowerment and Abandonment in the Governance of Coalfield Regeneration

This article engages with recent debates which assert that community participation and empowerment are place‐contingent. The particular nature of localities has regularly been taken to account for success or failure in processes of participation and regeneration. In contrast, this article exposes the failings based in the nature of the process of regeneration in the complex intersection of national agendas of community participation, regional objectives of economic growth and local aspirations of social cohesion and improved amenities. These agendas meet in the seemingly mutual pursuit of the ‘active community’. They become manifest in the micro‐politics of negotiating and enacting different constructions of community by the different actors ‘empowered’ in the regeneration process: regional development agencies, local government and local civil society. The article is based on ethnographic research in the Kent coalfield. The coalfields as distinct places have commanded a lasting place in the academic and policy literature: romanticized as the epitome of ‘communityness’ but demonized as the site of problem groups. This otherness has outlasted the industry the communities were built on. The analysis here shows that the social organization of regeneration in an arguably ‘different’ place is less driven by local specificities than by a failure to make visible conflicting constructions of community; therefore both the pathologizing of disadvantaged social groups and calls for more ‘community’ in policy delivery rather than policy reform are called into question.     

City Children and Genderfied Neighbourhoods: The New Generation as Urban Regeneration Strategy

Former industrial cities in the West are employing gentrification as urban policy. In these policies, women and families currently play an important role as gentrification pioneers. In my analysis of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, I propose the term genderfication to understand the gender dimensions of this process. Genderfication refers to the production of space for different gender relations. I analyse Rotterdam's urban planning program for becoming a ‘child‐friendly city’, which entails replacing existing urban dwellings with new, larger and more expensive ‘family‐friendly homes’ as a strategy for urban re‐generation. Urban re‐generation supplements regeneration in the form of material and economic restructuring, and refers to the replacement of part of the current population by a new and better suited generation. The ‘child‐friendly city program’ is considered in tandem with punitive ‘youth policies’.     

When Conflict Strikes: Contesting Neoliberal Urbanism outside Participatory Structures in Inner‐city Dublin

This article examines how community representatives from a disadvantaged neighbourhood engage with neoliberal urban governance structures and assess the power afforded to them. It seeks to understand how community groups manage the challenges they face in times of neoliberal urbanism. This study follows calls to pay greater attention to the existence of imaginaries other than neoliberal ones, examining community actions and discourses surrounding the Historic Area Rejuvenation Project (HARP) area in Dublin, a project aimed at stimulating private property development and investment. The case highlights tensions between the pursuit of community‐based and collaborative urban regeneration and the increased legitimacy of neoliberalism as a guiding principle of public policy. It confirms the existence of resistance movements and the importance of local and national contexts in explaining the outcomes of contestation. Despite participative structures established by the local authority, the views and interests of local community activists were ignored and excluded. Furthermore, in contrast to trends towards co‐option within participative structures, the community actively resisted the imposition of neoliberal plans. Overall, while they had little success in influencing the plans or mindsets of the local authority, they did succeed in delaying the process until the project became unviable as a result of the economic crisis.     

The Puzzle of Firm Performance in China: An Institutional Explanation

China has achieved phenomenal economic growth in an institutional environment that defies conventional economic rationales. Researchers offer different theories to explain this puzzle. But so far, due to the lack of data, little effort has been made to test these theories at the firm level. We develop a framework of endogenous institutional change to explain this puzzle and we test our framework with firm-level data. We argue that the decentralization from the central to the local governments and from government to firms are the driving forces behind China's institutional changes that have shaped the roles of government and market, which in turn significantly affect firm performance. We then submit our theory to a vigorous empirical test using data from China's industrial census, covering all 2000 counties and over 500 manufacturing industries. The test shows that two results of decentralization, the involvement of low-level governments in business and the process of privatization, positively affect firm performance.