瑞典的大众成人教育

瑞典是世界有名的高福利国家,瑞典人很早就十分重视教育,他们意识到,只有通过教育提高全民素质,才能使一个小国在竞争激烈的国际社会生存下来.     

The dynamics of inequality in a newly settled,pre-industrial society: the case of the Cape Colony

One reason for the relatively poor development performance of many countries around the world today may be the high levels of inequality during and after colonisation. Evidence from colonies in the Americas suggests that skewed initial factor endowments could create small elites that own a disproportionate share of wealth, human capital and political power. The Cape Colony, founded in 1652 at the southern tip of Africa, presents a case where a mercantilist company (the Dutch East India Company) settled on the land and established a unique set of institutions, within which inequality evolved. This paper provides a long-run quantitative analysis of trends in asset-based inequality (using principal components analysis on tax inventories) during the seventeenth and eighteenth century, allowing, for the first time, a dynamic rather than static analysis of inequality trends in a newly settled and pre-industrial society over this period. While theory testing in other societies has been severely limited because of a scarcity of quantitative evidence, this study presents a history with evidence, enabling an evaluation of the Engerman--Sokoloff and other hypotheses.     

汇率波动与旅游业的关系研究综述

旅游行业具有高敏感性的特征,汇率的波动会对旅游业造成很大影响,因此对汇率变动与旅游业的关系进行研究具有重要意义.外汇收入的变化、旅游出入境市场的盛衰等都是旅游中与汇率波动密切相关的主题.本文对近年来国内学者有关汇率波动与旅游业关系的研究文献进行了比较和归类分析,并对研究中存在的问题和今后研究需要重视的问题进行了初步探讨.     

奥地利与瑞士职业教育及其启示

奥地利的职业教育所开设的专业注重适应社会经济发展的需要，企业界大力支持并积极参与职业教育，学制规定灵活，能较好地把“双元制”体制，模拟公司体制结合在一起，使学生的素质和能力得到全面发展。瑞士的职业教育从“双元制”转向“三元制”，并构建中、高等职教相互衔接的新职教体制，以推进终身职业教育的发展。 这对于我国职业教育的发展提供了有益的借鉴与启示。     

瑞典社会保障支出探讨

北欧以"从摇篮到坟墓"的福利体系闻名于世,是典型的社会福利国家。他们享受高福利但是也必须缴纳高税赋。高额的赋税支撑着瑞典高福利的社会保障支出。在瑞典的社会保障支出职能上,政府间以及政府与社会的合理的财政分权以及事权与财权的匹配是社会保障制度可持续的基础。     

Consumer response to design variations in pay-what-you-want pricing

Recent literature has identified consumers’ fairness and image concerns as the primary drivers of payments under pay-what-you-want (PWYW) pricing. Consequently, managers have employed a variety of design variations to invoke/alleviate these concerns to attract more customers and increase payment magnitudes. We develop a theoretical approach that combines both prosocial and self-interested motives to examine consumers’ four possible responses to design variations in PWYW exchange: (1) opt-out, (2) free-ride, (3) default to recommendation, or (4) other payment. We confirm model predictions using an empirical approach that jointly estimates the multipartite customer response. We report findings pertaining to four managerially controllable variables namely, ‘payment visibility’, ‘information on payment recipients’, ‘timing of payment’, and ‘explicit price recommendations’ using both secondary data and controlled experiments. We show that design variations have a heterogeneous effect on different types of consumer responses leading to countervailing effects on revenues. We derive several actionable managerial recommendations.

     

The utility of item response modeling in marketing research

Item response modeling (IRM/IRT) has been known to marketing scholars for a number of years. However, with the exception of some notable and important applications in international (cross-cultural) marketing and consumer behavior, even a cursory reading of marketing journals reveals a general lack of interest in applying IRM, despite its ability to provide highly useful measurement-related information. To address and hopefully remedy the paucity of adoption, we offer an application-oriented discussion of the utility of IRM for marketing and related business research to enable researchers to utilize the strengths and realize the benefits of this methodology in their empirical work. After a short discussion of the history of IRM, we focus on its fundamentals within a modern statistical framework based on the generalized linear model and closely related non-linear factor analysis. We then engage major concepts of IRM, including item characteristic curve, local independence, and dimensionality, as well as parameter estimation and information functions. The popular one- and two-parameter logistic models are next discussed, as is the issue of model selection. Several polytomous item response models are subsequently dealt with, followed by a discussion of multidimensional IRM and data illustrations of item response models using widely available software. References to exemplar marketing applications are provided along the way, and a discussion of limitations of IRM concludes the article.     

瑞典土地银行经验及其对我国用地储备的启示

文章主要阐述瑞典土地银行建立的背景、意义、原则和内容,比较中外土地储备运作机制的制度、运作模式和政府管理等方面异同,研究瑞典土地银行成功的运作经验,提出对我国城市土地储备管理有一定借鉴价值的政策建议。     

Using a randomized response research design to eliminate non-response and response biases in business research

A serious distortion of business survey research is that frequently the survey includes questions that the respondent views as sensitive or intimate. The respondent may refuse to answer or may give an inaccurate answer. This refusal to answer or tendency to falsify the answer can seriously distort the research findings and invalidate the interferences made from the survey. This paper discusses a sampling procedure that has recently been developed and used to reduce dishonest responses or nonreponses to sensitive questions. The procedure is called Randomized Response. As an example, it is used to ask sensitive questions of individuals who are marketing majors at the University of Hawaii concerning their behavior and attitudes toward racial discrimination, shoplifting, test cheating, and commodity hoarding.     

Explaining the variation in short-term sales response to retail price promotions

This study focuses on the short-term sales response to price promotions in retail grocery stores and attempts to explain its variation using frequency of price promotions and the consecutive scheduling of price promotions. Retail managers’ expectations and tenets from behavioral theories provide the basis for the hypotheses that the frequency of price promotions and consecutive scheduling of price promotions affect short-term response to price promotions. The hypotheses are tested on three frequently purchased product categories, using store-level data from retail chains in three major markets. The analysis is validated with additional data on the same product categories and markets. A variety of managerial implications are drawn from the results and suggestions for future research are offered. He has been recognized with numerous teaching and research excellence awards. Dr. Kumar has published numerous articles in many scholarly journals in marketing and forecasting. He has coauthored a text titledMarketing Research and is currently working on two other textbooks. He is on the editorial review board of many journals. Dr. Kumar has lectured on marketing-related topics in various universities worldwide. His research interests include developing forecasting models, international marketing strategy and international marketing research issues, models for sales promotions, and new methodologies for product positioning and market segmentation. Dr. Kumar received his doctoral degree from the University of Texas at Austin. He has published articles about retailing and marketing strategy in scholarly journals such as theJournal of Retailing, International Journal of Research in Marketing, andJournal of Business Ethics. His current research interest focuses on models for sales promotions and marketing strategy. Dr. Pereira received his doctoral degree from the University of Houston.     

The impact of monetary inducement on uninformed response error

Response quality (accuracy) is replacing response quantity (response rate and nonresponse error) as the major issue in survey research methodology. Using a survey of 500 members of the general public from four cities, the authors examine an important aspect of response quality: uniformed response error. By asking respondents to evaluate the past performance of a fictitious public agency, the authors examine the effect that using a monetary inducement to increase the response rate to a mail survey has on uniformed response error. In addition, the ability of a “Don’t know” option to reduce uninformed response error is analyzed. The important impact that uniformed responses can have on response quality is documented. deceased     

Sibling brands, multiple objectives, and response to entry: The case of the marion retail coffee market

A new brand entering a market often finds itself in competition with sibling brands (those owned by the same parent company). In a case study of a retail coffee market, the authors examine how these brand relationships might influence the sibling and competitor brands' responses to entry. Using an empirically validated brand-share attraction model, the authors compare the actual responses to entry with the optimal responses under different incumbent objectives. The authors find that the responses by sibling brand are more accommodating than those of unrelated brands whose responses are consistent with the preservation of preentry levels of sales. Thomas S. Gruca (Ph.D., University of Illinois) is a Lloyd J. and Thelma W. Palmer Research Fellow and an associate professor of marketing in the Tippie College of Business at the University of Iowa. His research on defensive marketing strategy has appeared in the International Journal of Research in Marketing, the Journal of Marketing, the Journal of Marketing Research, Marketing Management, and Marketing Science. His research on health care has appeared in Contemporary Accounting Research, Health Care Management Science, and Strategic Management Journal. He is currently working on electronic prediction markets and modeling hospital network formation. He is a member of the editorial board of Marketing Letters and a reviewer for a number of management science journals. D. Sudharshan (Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh) is a professor of business administration in the College of Commerce and Business Administration at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His research interests lie in the areas of marketing strategy, new product and service development, and marketing technology management. He serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Marketing and the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. His articles have appeared in various journals including Marketing Science, Management Science, the Journal of Marketing, the Journal of Marketing Research, the Strategic Management Journal, the European Journal of Operational Research, the Journal of Service Research, and the Journal of Market Focused Management. K. Ravi Kumar (Ph.D., Northwestern University) is a professor in the Department of Information and Operations Management, Marshall School of Business, at the University of Southern California. His current research interests include the embedding of information systems within global physical operation and the development of sustainable information technology industries in developing countries. He is the author or coauthor of articles appearing in Management Science, Marketing Science, the Journal of Economic Theory, Production and Operations Management, and the Journal of Operations Management. He serves on the advisory boards of Production and Operations Management and Technology and Operations Review.     

我国利率市场化改革的若干问题

推进我国利率市场化改革,不仅有其必要性,而且更具有紧迫性,当前是推进我国利率市场化改革的有利时机。本文对我国利率市场化改革的目标、总体思路、主要内容、步骤和影响等问题进行了全面的论述,并分析了当前利率政策的调整问题。     

Customer response capability in a sense-and-respond era: The role of customer knowledge process

An organization’s customer response capability, its comptence in satisfying customer needs through effective and quick responses, is critical for sustained success. In this article, the authors examine how customer knowledge process influences customer response capability. They highlight two dimensions of customer response capability, customer response expertise and customer response speed. It is observed that apart from its direct positive association with customer response expertise and speed, the customer knowledge process also diminishes the positive association between risk propensity and these dimensions of customer response capability. The influence of customer response expertise and speed on performance is also examined. The hypotheses are tested using survey data collected from a sample of retailing firms and the findings triangulated using qualitative data collected through depth interviews with managers. The results highlight the importance of customer knowledge in enhancing customer response capability. Satish Jayachandran is with the Department of Marketing at the University of South Carolina. His research interests are in the area of marketing strategy, specifically market responsiveness of firms and the impact of organizational performance on subsequent managerial and firm behavior. His research has been published in theJournal of Marketing and theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science. He was a recipient of the Harold H. Maynard award for 2001 from theJournal of Marketing. Kelly Hewett is with the Department of Marketing at the University of South Carolina. Her research focuses on the management of relationships between buyers and sellers, as well as between headquarters and foreign subsidiaries in managing the marketing function globally. Her research has been published in theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of International Business Studies, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, and theJournal of International Marketing, among others. Peter Kaufman is with the Department of Marketing at Illinois State University. His research focuses on buyer-seller relationships, retailing, and distribution issues. He received an Honorable Mention in the Marketing Science Institute’s 2003 Alden G. Clayton Doctoral Dissertation Proposal Competition.     

我国饭店集团化发展的问题及应对措施

集团化发展是饭店发展的必然趋势。我国饭店自加入世贸组织后,取得了长足的发展,但仍存在现实问题,应探索适合我国国情的饭店发展之路。     

From consumer response to active consumer: Measuring the effectiveness of interactive media

Traditional measures of the effectiveness of marketing communications suggest a specific process by which marketing actions influence consumers. This article offers a broader philosophical perspective on measuring the effectiveness of marketing communications that focuses on interaction as the unit of analysis, rather than the behavior of either the marketer or the consumer. Structuration theory is discussed and offered as a viable foundation for the identification, selection, and evaluation of new measures of effectiveness in an interactive context among active, goal-driven consumers and marketers. Structuration theory focuses on the emergency and evolution of the structure of interaction, which is posited as a critical factor in devising, selecting, and evaluating new measures of the effectiveness of marketing communications. This view broadens the potential set of measures of effectiveness of interactive marketing communications, implying alternative meanings for measures under different interaction structures and combinations of goal states. David W. Stewart is the Robert E. Brooker Professor of Marketing and the deputy dean of the Marshall School of Business at the University of Southern California. He is also the immediate past editor of theJournal of Marketing. His research has examined a wide range of issues, including marketing strategy, the analysis of markets, consumer information search and decision making, effectiveness of marketing communications, and methodological approaches to the analysis of marketing data. Paul A. Pavlou is a Ph.D. candidate of information systems at the Marshall School of Business at the University of Southern California. His research focuses on business-to-business and business-to-consumer electronic commerce, new product development, institutional trust, interactive marketing, communications, and e-government. He has more than 25 publications in journals, books, and refereed conference proceedings. His research has appeared (or scheduled to appear) inMIS Quarterly, Electronic Markets, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Journal of Logistics Information Management, andJournal of Interactive Advertising, among others. He has recently won the Best Interactive Paper Award at the 2002 Academy of Management Conference.     

The effects of a monetary incentive and the ethnicity of the sponsor's signature on the rate and quality of response to A mail survey

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of a monetary incentive and the ethnicity of the sponsor's signature on the rate and quality of response to a mail survey. Six hundred subjects were randomly assigned to four groups. One group received a mail survey from “Leroy Jefferson,” apparently a Black individual, with a 25% monetary incentive included. Group two also received a questionnaire from “Leroy Jefferson,” but without the monetary incentive. Groups three (25 ϕ included) and four (no monetary incentive) were sent questionnaires from “John Richardson,” an ethnically unidentifiable sponsor. The questionnaire was a 16-item attitudes towards Black scale. The results of the study demonstrated the value of a monetary incentive in increasing the rate of response. The name of the sponsor, however, did not affect either the rate of response or the quality of response (i. e. the scores on the attitude scale). The authors wish to thank Manhattan College, School of Business, for the grant which made this study possible.     

高校师德建设探讨

在新的历史条件下,高校师德建设显得尤其重要.师德是教育工作者的职业道德.加强师德建设,是新时期高校教师队伍建设的一项重要任务.加强师德建设,要坚持以人为本的思想,重视教师个人价值的实现.     

中国农业保险的现实选择

中国加入WTO后,对农业的保护将在很大程度上被限定于非价格保护,WTO有关协议提供了"绿箱政策",允许各国采用非价格农业保护工具如农业保险保护农业.因此发展农业保险,是在WTO条件下保护和促进我国农业可持续发展有效的也是可行的政策之一.我国农业保险处于困境保险公司不愿意经营,农业保险也远未成为农民的有效需求和普遍选择.基于此种现状,我国农业保险的现实选择是根据农业保险的需求特征,利用多种行政和经济手段吸引农民投保;农业保险制度的建立离不开法律法规的完善;建立农业保险的利益诱导机制,吸引保险公司经营农业保险;实施财政支持型的农业保险经营模式;因地制宜地选择适合的组织制度.