生产低硫柴油技术的新进展

本文综述了国内外低硫柴油生产技术，主要从加氢脱硫和非加氢脱硫两个方向介绍了低硫柴油技术的原理、特性及研究进展，并分析了今后低硫柴油生产技术的发展方向。     

催化裂化汽油脱硫的技术进展

催化裂化汽油脱硫技术分为加氢脱硫和非加氢脱硫,本文介绍了两类催化裂化汽油脱硫的机理,并对国内外汽油脱硫技术的进展加以综述.     

国内外柴油氧化脱硫技术进展

本文对国内外柴油氧化脱硫技术进展进行了综述.指出国内西南石油学院开发的催化氧化脱硫新技术是一项很有前途的技术,因为该技术将价格较高的过氧化氢氧化剂用价格低廉的空气来代替,是污染少高环保的绿色工艺.而生物脱硫技术在国内刚刚起步,离工业应用相差甚远,因此需要大力开展生物脱硫的研究工作.     

石油生物脱硫技术研究进展

本文综述了应用于石油生物脱硫的主要菌种及其脱硫机理、微生物的选育优化、微生物脱硫动力学,介绍了微生物脱硫技术的工业化应用。     

燃料油非加氢脱硫技术的新进展

分析了燃料油中硫的分布和存在方式,介绍了非加氢脱硫技术的现状及发展趋势,同时提出了几种新型的脱硫方法及低硫化可能带来的不良影响。     

Shell—Paques生物脱硫技术及其应用

Shell—Paques技术是有代表性的生物脱硫及硫回收工艺，该工艺采用脱氮硫杆菌在弱碱性溶液条件下吸收H2S，从含硫酸性气中脱除H2S，并在自然产生的微生物和空气的作用下将所吸收的硫化物氧化成元素硫，具有净化效率高、适应范围广、操作维护方便、环保效益好、副产生物硫磺等特点。可用于合成气、天然气、炼厂气等含有H2S的酸性气的净化过程。简要介绍了Shell—Paques生物脱硫技术的基本原理、工艺流程、技术特点及在国内外的应用概况。     

汽油、柴油非加氢脱硫技术研究进展

随着加工高硫原油量的不断增加,开发非加氢脱硫工艺成为各大公司科研开发的重点。介绍了目前正在开发和应用的非加氢脱硫工艺。重点介绍了膜法脱硫和生物脱硫。     

柴油吸附法脱硫吸附剂及技术研究进展

吸附脱硫是一项具有广阔发展空间及应用前景的脱硫技术.作者详细综述了各类吸附剂对柴油的脱硫进展.并介绍了吸附脱硫和加氢脱硫技术联用.     

新型高效劣质柴油深度脱硫脱芳催化剂的研制

以溶胶-凝胶合成法结合CO2超临界干燥技术制备了性能优良的介孔TiO2-SiO2复合氧化物.以复合氧化物为载体,金属Ni-W或Pt/Pt-Pd为加氢组分,采用浸渍法制备的催化剂,采用两段加氢工艺,以大庆重催柴油为原料,在100 mL加氢装置上的评价结果表明,以TiO2-SiO2复合氧化物为载体制备的加氢催化剂,具有良好的加氢脱硫、脱芳性能,能使柴油的硫和芳烃指标达到<世界燃料标准>Ⅲ类柴油指标要求.     

汽油脱硫方法探析

本文主要介绍了常见的汽油脱硫方法,并在此基础上,重点细致地介绍了一些在现代炼油技术中应用广泛的催化加氢脱硫技术和直接脱硫技术.     

柴油氧化脱硫工艺技术研究

面对清洁燃料生产的新机遇和新挑战,研究者开发出各种柴油脱硫技术。由于氧化脱硫技术能将油品中的硫化物以有机硫的形式脱除,并具有操作条件温和、工艺投资和操作费用低、环境污染少等优点,已成为近年来国内外研究开发的热点,被称为21世纪的绿色柴油脱硫工艺。介绍了近年来国内外的柴油氧化脱硫技术,并提出未来的研究方向。     

我国中小企业信用担保的商业化运作模式分析

在分析我国中小企业信用担保的现状的基础上,论述了在我国开展商业性担保所面临的问题和解决方法,提出了一套符合我国国情的较为完备的中小企业信用担保的商业化运作模式。     

我国中小企业信用担保的商业化运作案例演示

以深圳市某电子科技有限公司贷款担保为案例 ,具体介绍商业性担保的业务操作过程以及风险控制机制 ,以便进一步做好中小企业使用担保工作。     

Seven challenges to combining human and automated service

We introduce this special issue by addressing seven key challenges associated with managing hybrid human-automated service systems. These consist of the following:

• 1 What strategic and tactical issues arise when managing hybrid service systems?
• 2 How should the core “value proposition” be set?
• 3 What special considerations arise in the design and implementation phases?
• 4 How can service delivery be managed to identify systemic problems and to address service breakdowns?
• 5 How can communications with clients improve the functioning of service systems?
• 6 What performance measures should be used to monitor process, outputs, client perceptions, and financial outcomes?
• 7 How can we coordinate the various interdisciplinary activities needed to address the previous six issues?

We consider these challenges after first characterizing the historical evolution of service delivery, reviewing some of the literature in the administrative sciences, and proposing a conceptual framework. Copyright © 2009 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Gatt regulation of countertrade: Issues and prospects

In light of persistent hard currency shortages, an increasing number of countries and firms resort to countertrade. Although this practice has the potential to become a major threat to the world trade framework, it is currently not specifically addressed by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). From the context of the upcoming international trade negotiations, this article explores the extent to which countertrade practices are, and should be, incorporated into the GATT framework. It analyzes current GATT jurisdiction, presents policy considerations in favor of and against the inclusion of countertrade into the GATT, and addresses practical considerations to be kept in mind during negotiations on this issue.     

Consumers and Biotechnology: A Synopsis of Survey and Focus Group Research

The Office of Consumer Affairs of Industry Canada, in conjunction with other federal departments, has undertaken preliminary work to identify concerns and highlight consumer issues with respect to biotechnology and its applications. This has included conducting a number of surveys and focus groups to identify what consumers know about biotechnology; where there are information gaps; and how information impacts upon consumers' purchasing decisions.This paper is structured into five sections. First, it provides an overview of some background information on biotechnology. The second section summarises consumers' knowledge of, and reactions to, biotechnology. Next, the paper highlights factors that influence consumers' attitudes towards biotechnology. The fourth section examines two ways of overcoming marketplace barriers contrasting increased consumer awareness with more traditional legislative mechanisms. The concluding section outlines questions that need to be answered in order to determine how the marketplace can best address issues related to biotechnological products.