推进农村金融制度创新

"推进农村金融制度创新"包括三个方面的问题. 第一,深化认识. 大家知道,自20世纪90年代中期以来,我们进行了两次比较大的农村金融制度的创新.第一次是在90年代中期,1994年成立了中国农业发展银行,1996年国务院下发了<关于深化农村金融体制改革的决定>, <决定>提出要在中国构建政策性金融、商业性金融、合作性金融相结合的三元农村金融体系,通过构建三元金融体系,改善对农村的金融服务.     

Correlated Default and Financial Intermediation

Financial intermediation naturally arises when knowing how loan payoffs are correlated is valuable for managing investments but lenders cannot easily observe that relationship. I show this result using a costly enforcement model in which lenders need ex post incentives to enforce payments from defaulted loans and borrowers' payoffs are correlated. When projects have correlated outcomes, learning the state of one project (via enforcement) provides information about the states of other projects. A large correlated portfolio provides ex post incentives for enforcement. Thus, intermediation dominates direct lending, and intermediaries are financed with risk‐free deposits, earn positive profits, and hold systemic default risk.     

Bank and Nonbank Financial Intermediation

Conglomerates, trade credit arrangements, and banks are all instances of financial intermediation. However, these institutions differ significantly in the extent to which the projects financed absorb aggregate intermediary risk, in whether or not intermediation is carried out by a financial specialist, in the type of projects they fund and in the type of claims they issue to investors. The paper develops a simple unified model that both accounts for the continued coexistence of these different forms of intermediation, and explains why they differ. Specific applications to conglomerate firms, trade credit, and banking are discussed.     

农村金融中介发展与经济增长的阶段性Granger因果分析

本文利用1978-2009年的时间序列数据对农村金融中介规模、效率与农村经济发展各变量之间的关系进行了分阶段Granger因果分析。结果显示:农村经济的增长与发展是农村金融发展的先导因素,而农村金融发展对农村经济增长的促进作用不明显,农村改革并没有诱导出内生的农村金融。建议要纠正农村经济发展战略和农村金融制度在发展结构和功能上存在的偏差,完善农村金融服务于农村经济的功能。     

International Business Cycle and Financial Intermediation

The paper extends a standard two‐country international real business cycle model to include financial intermediation by banks of loans and government bonds. The paper contributes an explanation for both the United States relative to the Euro‐area, and the United States relative to China, of cross‐country correlations of loan rates, deposit rates, and the loan premia. It shows a type of financial retrenchment for the United States relative to both Europe and China following a negative bank productivity shock, such as during the 2008 crisis. After 2008, results suggest that the Euro‐area has been more financially integrated with the United States, and China less financially integrated.     

金融助推农村规模化经营的思考

农村规模化经营是三农的发展方向,也是农村城镇化的基础,但目前农村实现规模化经营还存在一定问题。文章分析阐述农村规模化经营开展情况,针对存在的问题及如何完善提出相关建议。     

推进我国农村金融产业组织创新的战略思考

社会主义新农村建设的顺利推进,"三农"问题的最终解决,有赖于农村金融的大力支持.然而,我国农村金融的组织结构与服务体系并不能够适应农村经济发展的需要,农村金融的组织与操作层面仍然存在十分严重的问题.基于此,本文认为当前农村金融改革应当走出误区,树立产业金融意识,按产业发展规律推进农村金融产业组织创新,带动农村金融服务体系的逐步完善,从而实现农村金融与农村经济的协调发展.     

Investment Bank Reputation,Information Production,and Financial Intermediation

We model reputation acquisition by investment banks in the equity market. Entrepreneurs sell shares in an asymmetrically informed equity market, either directly, or using an investment bank. Investment banks, who interact repeatedly with the equity market, evaluate entrepreneurs' projects and report to investors, in return for a fee. Setting strict evaluation standards (unobservable to investors) is costly for investment banks, inducing moral hazard. Investment banks' credibility therefore depends on their equity-marketing history. Investment banks' evaluation standards, their reputations, underwriter compensation, the market value of equity sold, and entrepreneurs' choice between underwritten and nonunderwritten equity issues emerge endogenously.     

从国外农村金融体制看我国农村金融体制短扳——促进我国农村合作金融发展的八点建议

从国外农村金融体制看,无论是欧美国家,还是东亚国家和我国台湾,农村合作金融都建立了自下而上的网络化组织,这些合作金融组织最鲜明的特色是贯彻了合作制的"自愿参与、民主管理、一人一票、服务社员、利润返还"等原则,都是以农户为主体,建立了农协或农会和信用合作社.     

Financial Intermediation and the Costs of Trading in an Opaque Market

Municipal bonds trade in opaque, decentralized broker-dealermarkets in which price information is costly to gather. We analyzea database of trades between broker-dealers and customers inmunicipal bonds. These data were only released to the publicwith a lag; the market was opaque. Dealers earn lower averagemarkups on larger trades, even though dealers bear a higherrisk of losses with larger trades. We estimate a bargainingmodel and compute measures of dealer’s bargaining power.Dealers exercise substantial market power. Our measures of marketpower decrease in trade size and increase in the complexityof the trade for the dealer. (JEL G0, G24)     

金融助力“十四五”乡村振兴

<正>制定"十四五"规划,助推乡村振兴金融服务,意义重大,事关促进农村经济社会发展和农民的长远利益。要以具有前瞻性的发展思路、扎实的工作举措,把习近平总书记三农主要论断写在乡村振兴金融服务"十四五"规划宏伟目标蓝图里,为今后一段时期乡村振兴金融服务指明方向。     

财务中介服务机构如何进行项目投资评审

笔者所在的财务中介服务机构接受某银行的委托,对湖北某水泥生产投资项目进行了评审.经过一个星期的工作,认真审查了建设主体的资质,研读了项目可研报告,了解了同行业相关的技术参数,评审了项目建设的外部条件;凭借其机构人员所拥有的财务会计知识,合理评价了项目投资的效益并分析了投资项目中的不确定因素.     

论金融创新浪潮中货币政策中介目标的选择

在金融创新活动中，各种新的金融产品对货币供应量和利率的影响的不同的，使前者作为货币政策中介目标的品质在下降，我国宜在继续选择货币作为中介目标的同时，应逐步强化利率在货币政策中的地位，最终实现中介目标由货币供应量利率的转变。     

How Theories of Financial Intermediation and Corporate Risk-Management Influence Bank Risk-Taking Behavior

This paper examines the rationales for risk-taking and risk-management behavior from both a corporate finance and a banking perspective. After combining the theoretical insights from the corporate finance and banking literatures related to hedging and risk-taking, the paper reviews empirical tests based on these theories to determine which of these theories are best supported by the data. Managerial incentives are the most consistently supported rationale for describing how banks manage risk. In particular, moderate/high levels of equity ownership reduce bank risk while positive amounts of stock option grants increase bank risk-taking behavior. The review of empirical tests in the banking literature also suggests that financial intermediaries coordinate different aspects of risk (e.g., credit and interest rate risk) in order to maintain a certain level of total risk. The empirical results indicate hedgeable risks such as interest rate risk represent only one dimension of the risk-management problem. This implies empirical tests of the theories of corporate risk-management need to consider individual sub-components of total risk and the bank's ability to trade these risks in a competitive financial market. This finding is consistent with the reality that banks have non-zero expected financial distress costs and bank managers cannot fully diversify their bank-related personal investments.     

亚洲新兴市场银行系统:改革仍需继续

过去十年银行亚洲银行业系统的改革取得了很大进展,资本更为充足,减少了外部暴露,对信贷风险的管理更为有效,这使得亚洲银行能够较好地应对本次金融危机的冲击,但要说亚洲银行业的改革已经完成则为时尚早。亚洲银行业取得的成就不仅有内部改革的原因,也有宏观经济环境的因素。亚洲地区国内储蓄大幅上升,央行大规模的对冲干预以及宽松的货币政策,使得银行的融资条件极为宽松,银行信贷大幅扩张,政府债券持有量快速上升。其情况将如何演变,对亚洲银行业将带来什么样的影响尚不确定。未来亚洲银行系统仍应继续深化改革,监管当局需加强监管,防止亚洲大部银行系统中非常宽松的流动性状态造成市场风险和信用风险的过度积累。