Banking Supervision in New Zealand

The Reserve Bank of New Zealand's recently announced new approach to its conduct of banking supervision places greater emphasis on market disciplines and public disclosure to promote a stable financial system. Some detailed prudential rules currently imposed on banks will be removed.     

Cause‐related marketing and customer donations in an online marketplace

• eBay for Charity provides mechanisms for embedding charitable fundraising and donations into the UK's largest online marketplace, with 18 million unique visitors each month. This paper explores some of our findings concerning the impact of charitable activity on the behaviour of those who participate, including buyers, sellers, and the charities themselves, and suggests ways these findings could be applied to other forms of online fundraising in the future.

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Patenting Strategy of Entrepreneurial Orientated Firms in New Zealand

Patenting is regarded as an important area for firms wanting to capture the strategic value of intellectual property. Further, patents are often used as a proxy for innovation— i.e., a firm with a large number of patents is said to be innovative. At the same time, a firm that is innovative is also said to have an entrepreneurial orientation (EO). In spite of this apparent linkage between an EO and patenting, little empirical evidence strategically links the two constructs. This paper addresses this gap by providing one of the first studies examining the relationship between an EO and patenting.     

Urban migration in New Zealand: Dummy variable interpretations

This note provides appropriate interpretations of a dummy variable measuring the impact of South Island residential location on urban migration in New Zealand. Interpretations drawn previously by the authors over-stated this impact.     

Expatriate management practices of New Zealand business

In this paper data are presented from one of the first studies of expatriate management practices in New Zealand. The results reveal a number of consistencies with research reported from other countries as well as a number of apparent anomalies. In particular, New Zealand companies, like those in a number of other countries, appear to place a low value on those expatriate management practices which are linked with success (e.g., technical skills, period of incumbency and track record). Moreover, there was a low incidence of pre-departure training. However, negligible expatriate failure rates are recorded and most are attributed to ‘relational difficulties'.     

国际市场营销中的差别区域的差别市场营销--市场营销的国际化与本土化

我国加入世贸组织(WTO)后,实行国际商贸活动的全面依序接轨,在“引进来”的同时,积极执行“走出去”的战略,大踏步进入国际市场,展开国际市场竞争,进行广泛的境内与境外国际市场营销。而进行国际市场营销,必须以“本土”市场需求为导向,把其建立在适应差别区域市场的差别需求的基础上,把一般性与差异性有机结合起来。     

新西兰重量级文具公司Croxley的新物流中心

谈到新西兰文具供应商的时候,通常人们马上会想到Croxley这个名字.这家重量级的公司自19世纪后期开始就一直在新西兰从事文具的生产.Croxley在发展过程中,曾经历了多次并购,将众多知名品牌纳入旗下,如Collins、Olympic以及Filemaster等.     

Voluntary Disclosure in the Annual Reports of New Zealand Companies

New Zealand is currently experiencing a liberal and competitive economic environment which has led to a greater investment interest in corporate securities. Likewise, New Zealand firms are also developing strategies to attract investors, for example, through voluntary disclosure of information. Therefore, the level of information voluntarily disclosed by New Zealand companies is of interest to prospective investors. The purpose of this study is to examine empirically the relationship between five firm-specific characteristics and the general level of accounting information voluntarily disclosed by companies listed on New Zealand Stock Exchange (NZSE). In this study the a priori expectations are based on agency theory. The five firm-specific characteristics examined are: firm size, leverage, assets-in-place, type of auditor, and foreign listing status. The results obtained from cross-sectional regression show that firm size, foreign listing status and leverage are significantly related to the extent of voluntary disclosure. In contrast assets-in-place and type of auditor are not significant explanatory variables. A study of this type would be of particular relevance to accounting policy makers because, inter alia, it helps them in (a) understanding corporate disclosure behaviour, (b) explaining why firms adopt certain disclosure strategies, and (c) developing a coherent and acceptable set of mandatory disclosure requirements.     

Public Management Developments In Australia and New Zealand

The article argues that public manage-ment has undergone fundamental change, generated by developments in public choice and principal agency theories. These theoretical frames are being applied to management strategies and practices, where both competition and contracts feature significantly. The role of the state is subject to change as a result of these developments.     

点数积分:市场营销新方略

一、点数积分卡的导入与发展 点数积分卡作为现代消费理念的产物和商家有效的促销手段,在欧美、日本等发达国家早已普遍使用。随着我国企业信息化系统的日趋完善和POS机的普及使用,各类信用卡、会员卡不断问世,积分消费的观念随风潜入。     

Issues in measuring a monthly house price index in New Zealand

The sale price appraisal ratio (SPAR) method, which takes the ratios of the current house prices and their previous assessed values to construct an index, has been applied in New Zealand since the 1960s. This paper uses housing market transaction data for 12 cities in New Zealand (1994–2004) to develop monthly SPAR house price indices. These indices were subjected to a variety of statistical tests and benchmarked against the comparable monthly quality controlled weighted repeat sales indices. Finally, the paper provides some useful suggestions for future research based on the SPAR index and other alternative house price indices, such as the assessed value (AV) method.     

绿色营销视角下新型城镇化生态发展对策研究

城镇化是实现工业化的必然要求和途径,也是现代化建设的必然趋势。文章对新型城镇化的内涵和生态化发展进行了相关综述;探讨了当前新型城镇化生态绿色发展建设所面对的困境;并基于绿色营销的视角,从绿色研发与设计、绿色产业、绿色消费、绿色管理等方面提出了新型城镇化生态发展的对策来全面推进城镇化的生态化发展与转型。     

Youth minimum wage reform and the labour market in New Zealand

This paper analyses the effects of a large reform in the minimum wages affecting youth workers in New Zealand since 2001. Prior to this reform, a youth minimum wage, applying to 16–19 year-olds, was set at 60% of the adult minimum. The reform had two components. First, it lowered the eligible age for the adult minimum wage from 20 to 18 years, and resulted in a 69% increase in the minimum wage for 18 and 19 year-olds. Second, the reform raised the youth minimum wage in two annual steps from 60% to 80% of the adult minimum, and resulted in a 41% increase in the minimum wage for 16 and 17 year-olds over a two-year period. We estimate the impact of this reform by comparing average outcomes for these two groups of teenagers, before and after the change, to those for 20–25 year-olds, who were unaffected by the reform. We find no evidence of adverse effects on youth employment immediately following the reform, but some weak evidence of employment loss by 2003. We also find evidence of a 10–20% increase in hours worked following the reform for employed 16–17 year-olds, and up to a 10% increase for employed 18–19 year-olds, depending on the specification adopted. Combined, wage, hours, and employment changes lead to significant increases in labour earnings and total income of teenagers relative to young adults. However, we also find evidence of a decline in educational enrolment, and an increase in unemployment, inactivity, and benefit receipt rates, suggesting that while the minimum wage reform increased the labour supply of teenagers, this increase was not matched by as large an increase in employment.     

Port reform without tears – the New Zealand experience

New Zealanďs port reforms in 1989 and 1990 were part of a wider programme of economic reform. The paper analyses their effects, concluding that there have been substantial benefits in terms of improved port performance which have helped New Zealand exporters and the economy generally.     

Innovation and Interdependencies in the New Zealand Custom Boat‐building Industry

Custom boat building in New Zealand is a globally competing industry comprising a densely interconnected community of small and medium‐sized enterprises. Innovation in product and production processes is an essential feature in the industry's success. This article investigates innovation and interdependencies in the New Zealand boat‐building industry and explores the notion that it is an example of an innovative regional milieu. The study includes a benchmark survey of the industry completed in 1998, which evaluates the sources of information and innovation, as well as a series of intensive interviews with leading firms to ascertain the characteristics of innovation. The peculiar cultural and social factors of New Zealand – and especially of Auckland, where the industry is spatially clustered – are found to have been significant in the growth of the industry. Furthermore, the contemporary prominence of sports and recreational boating has facilitated the industry's recent growth and exporting. En Nouvelle‐Zélande, la construction navale sur commande est un secteur compétitif au plan mondial, qui intègre une communauté de petites et moyennes entreprises au maillage relationnel très serré. L'innovation des produits et des procédés de fabrication est une caractéristique essentielle de sa réussite. L'article étudie l'innovation et les interdépendances au sein de la construction navale néo‐zélandaise, en envisageant l'idée qu'elle constitue un exemple de milieu régional novateur. Le travail s'appuie sur une étude des performances du secteur réalisée en 1998, laquelle évalue les sources d'informations et d'innovation, ainsi que sur une série d'entretiens intensifs avec les entreprises de premier plan afin d'établir les caractéristiques de l'innovation. Il apparaît que les facteurs culturels et sociaux particuliers à la Nouvelle‐Zélande, notamment à Auckland où l'activité est regroupée géographiquement, ont joué un rôle significatif dans l'expansion de cette industrie. Par ailleurs, l'importance que prend actuellement la navigation sportive et de loisir a facilité sa croissance récente et ses exportations.     

The Determinants of External Audit Costs in the New Zealand Life Insurance Industry

The contracting theory literature suggests that auditors' pricing decisions reflect the efficacy of contracting arrangements in firms. Drawing a framework from this literature, we test empirically the simultaneous effect of six firm-specific variables on external audit costs using 1988–1993 data drawn from New Zealand's (NZ) life insurance industry. These variables are: assets-in-place, reinsurance, internal governance, firm size, product-mix and organizational form. Consistent with expectations, our results indicate that audit fees are influenced by product-mix and firm size. However, the other variables are found not to be statistically significant. The empirical results thus provide mixed support for contracting theory.     

Workforce Reduction In Australia and New Zealand: A Research Note

Relatively few studies have examined the incidence of permanent workforce reduction and factors related to workforce reduction behaviour. In this study, such issues are addressed using data from more than 1,450 organisations in Australia and New Zealand. On average, about 36 per cent of respondents reported a permanent reduction of the workforce over the past three years (with an average reduction of almost 19 per cent of the workforce). Several factors, including product or service demand, pressure to focus on short-term profits or budget goals, a major change in organisational strategy, the quality of the relationship between the employer and employees, the organisation's expressed commitment to job security and the age of the organisation, distinguished organisations that had or had not engaged in a permanent employee retrenchment.