Making Health Care More Affordable Through Health Insurance Finance Reform

The way that we finance health insurance today is both unfair and inefficient. The tax code subsidizes the most expensive employment-based policies while penalizing those who buy insurance on their own or choose more basic policies. By reforming this system, we can both make health care more affordable for millions of people and get higher-value care for the money that we spend. These reforms should be coupled with policies to ensure that basic private insurance is affordable for everyone, including those with chronic health conditions or low income, and to ensure that patients and physicians have the tools that they need to make well-informed decisions. JEL Classification I11     

Cultural Insights to Justice: A Theoretical Perspective Through a Subjective Lens

Distributive, procedural, and interactional justice are constructs that are increasingly being recognized as important factors that affect individual perceptions in the workplace environment. This paper presents a theoretical perspective that suggests that justice is perceived through a subjective lens that consists of individualized beliefs and proposes that cultural attributes and demographic characteristics play an integral part in determining the perception of justice. The distinctions between these three constructs are presented in context with the core beliefs of individual employees – affected by a multitude of perceptual and demographic factors that we briefly identify herein. Based on the theoretical perspective, an instrument that measures the constructs of justice as perceived by individuals was developed. With a focus on justice within the business setting, hypotheses about attitudes related to justice were tested. Survey results confirm that the three constructs of justice are distinct but correlated. Significant differences were found in the perceptions of African-American respondents with regard to procedural justice. Although the empirical findings do not support all the hypotheses, this research highlights the need for further development of measures to assess the perception of justice in business settings and at an applied level, underscores the importance of recognizing cultural attributes and demographic characteristics in understanding how justice is perceived.     

Examining the Landscape of Managed Behavioral Health Care Through the Market Paradigm

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to examine the market paradigm's impact on private practicing social workers, psychologists and psychiatrists who are reimbursed for services by managed behavioral health care organizations (MBHCOs). Five hundred eighty-two private practitioners from across the nation responded to a mailed survey in which they were asked a series of questions concerning changes in their business practices subsequent to joining MBHCO provider panels. Results indicate that despite the concerns about MBHC, these practitioners have sustained their practices. The market paradigm's use in explaining MBHC's impact on the private practitioners was found to have limited utility.     

Increasing Inflationary Pressure

China＇s CPI rose to 8.7 percent in February after hitting 7.1 percent in January,creating a 12-year high, the National Bureau of Statistics said.The figure exceeded market expectations,as the Bank of China,the country＇s second- largest lender,     

税收遵从成本对企业税收遵从的影响分析——基于企业逃税模型

传统的在A-S逃税模型中加入税收遵从成本因素分析其对纳税遵从的影响只适用于个人纳税人。运用企业逃税模型分析税收遵从成本对企业纳税遵从的影响不仅更符合企业实际,而且在我国更有现实意义。本文以Virmani关于竞争性市场中两权合一的企业间接税的逃税模型为基础,加入税收遵从成本因素分析了税收遵从成本对企业税收遵从的影响,得出税收遵从成本对企业纳税遵从具有反向影响这一结论,并从税收征管、税制、税收环境三个方面探讨了企业税收遵从成本降低之策。     

游客参与人型体育事件影响因素关系模型初探

体育事件旅游研究的重点应放在游客的参与人数和次数方面,并对事件市场进行细分,分析和确定什么人将进行事件旅行。文章在旅游动机和旅行限制因素二者关系的基础上,探讨了二者对于大型体育事件参与程度的影响,并得出了旅游动机和旅行限制因素二者关系模型。     

我国农民增收问题探析

自改革开放以来,我国农民的收入有了大幅度提高,但从20世纪90年代后期以来,农民收入增长幅度缓慢,甚至出现负增长。为使农民增收从农民负担过重,减少了农民的实际收入;政府农业投资的减少;农业生产科技含量低、成本高、生产率低;农村剩余劳动力转移不畅,农民收入增长缓慢;农业结构不合理、产业化水平低制约了农民收入增长等五个方面深入剖析制约农民增收的主要因素,并提出解决这一问题的主要途径。     

Teaching Business Ethics Through Literature

America's economic ideology lacks a vocabulary of ethics. If, as we assume, an economic system requires a moral component for long-term survival, students in business schools must be exposed to a vocabulary of ethics that is consistent with the ideology of capitalism. We present a vocabulary of ethics and describe an approach to teaching business ethics based on business-related classic literature and moral philosophy.     

电子商务环境下的需求链管理模式研究

21世纪 ,电子商务的发展 ,使供应链管理向需求链管理模式转化。在电子商务下的需求链管理模式 ,通过互联网的电子商务形式进行营销活动 ,既减少了不必要成本和资源的使用 ,又与客户建立更好的互动关系 ,从而在变化快速 ,竞争激烈的环境中保持领先的竞争优势。需求链管理成为 2 1世纪企业的生命线。     

Increasing the Effectiveness of Export Assistance Programs

Abstract

This study focuses on the export assistance needs of small and medium-sized firms in the California EnviroTech industry. The objectives of this study are to: (1) provide public sector assistance providers research-based recommendations to increase the effectiveness of their export assistance programs to the EnviroTech industry; and (2) promote the advantages of a single industry study as the basis for providing public sector export assistance.     

Corporate Governance: An Ethical Perspective

This paper discusses corporate governance issues from a compliance viewpoint. It makes a distinction between legal and ethical compliance mechanisms and shows that the former has clearly proven to be inadequate as it lacks the moral firepower to restore confidence and the ability to build trust. The concepts of freedom of indifference and freedom for excellence provide a theoretical basis for explaining why legal compliance mechanisms are insufficient in dealing with fraudulent practices and may not be addressing the real and fundamental issues that inspire ethical behavior. The tendency to overemphasize legal compliance mechanisms may result in an attempt to substitute accountability for responsibility and may also result in an attempt to legislate morality which consequently leads to legal absolutism. The current environment of failures of corporate responsibility are not only failures of legal compliance, but more fundamentally failures to do the right (ethical) thing. Surendra Arjoon is an Associate Professor of Business Ethics at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. He served as Chair, Department of Management Studies (2002–2005) and as Associate Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences (1996–2002). He is also the Vice-President of the Trinidad and Tobago Economics Association. His work has appeared in the Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Markets and Morality, Global Development Studies, Applied Financial Economics, and Social and Economic Studies.     

Increasing online sales by facilitating spillover shopping

The Internet can serve dual roles as a source of information and a shopping channel for consumers. As a source of information, it competes with traditional sources such as print and direct mail. As a shopping channel, it competes with traditional shopping formats such as brick-and-mortar retailing and catalogs. There is little research as yet, however, regarding how the use of the online channel for information can affect its use for purchasing products. Our research is aimed at filling this gap in the literature, i.e., of examining if and how the use of the Internet as a source of information can affect consumers’ willingness to shop online. We use an integrated modeling framework that simultaneously models consumers’ choice of a shopping channel from three options – brick and mortar, catalog and online – and a source of information from three options as well: newspapers and magazines, direct mail, and online.     

Looking Through the Trade Surplus Prism

Huge trade surplus attracks more and more attention to the China＇s economy operation, a controversial topic on people＇s lips as well.     

An Exploration of Personality and Speed Limit Compliance

Research suggests that noncompliance with speed limits is high. One factor that may provide some explanation for individuals' speeding behavior is the driver's personality. To examine social issue behavior in relation to speeding, this study examined specific personality characteristics in the context of speed limit compliance behavior. To test the hypotheses, data were gathered via an online survey. The results indicate that personality, along with social issue involvement, influenced speed limit compliance behavior.     

提升哈尔滨市纳税服务水平问题研究

完善的纳税服务是提升纳税人税收遵从度的重要途径。针对哈尔滨市税务部门在纳税服务工作中服务理念、法律保障、评价机制、信息化、数据应用、国际纳税服务和社会化方面存在的问题,提出了深化服务理念、加快立法保障、完善评价体系、升级硬件平台和发展社会化服务的优化对策,旨在为提升哈尔滨市纳税服务水平提供有益的参考。     

Increasing pay transparency: A guide for change

The gender pay gap is an important issue today in the U.S. The lack of transparency surrounding pay in businesses is viewed as one cause of this gap. The first section of this article explores the origins of the gender pay gap and presents a brief history of pay transparency. Then, I propose a framework built from three continua that breaks the concept of pay transparency into types and levels. Using this framework, I offer guidance to organizations that want to increase pay transparency. The article concludes with a discussion of the risks associated with increased pay transparency and suggestions for future research.     

Live Broadcasting,Gate Revenue,and Football Club Performance: Some Evidence

This paper presents new evidence concerning the main argument of the English Premier League for collective arrangements in selling television broadcast rights. Matches that are broadcast live on television can be considered as a substitute for watching at the stadium. New panel-data show that broadcasting live has a small negative effect on gate revenue for the best performing clubs and a much larger effect for the worst performing clubs. However, the marginal cost is outweighed by the marginal revenue, concluding that restrictions on quantity stemming from collective arrangements are detrimental to the consumers, broadcasters, and clubs themselves.     

激励、监督与经销商依从：依赖结构的调节作用

文章以代理理论为基础,实证分析激励和监督对经销商依从的影响及依赖结构的调节作用。研究发现：激励会促进经销商依从,而监督则会抑制经销商依从;相互依赖强度会削弱监督对经销商依从的负向影响,但对激励与经销商依从间的关系没有显著影响;经销商相对依赖会增强激励对经销商依从的正向影响,但对监督与经销商依从间的关系没有显著影响。文章最后对研究发现进行讨论,并提出管理建议和未来研究的方向。     

Restaurant employees and food safety compliance: motivation comes from within

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of restaurant employee internal belief systems on their motivation to comply with food safety guidelines in restaurants. Food safety training programs and those offered by third-party vendors are commonplace in the industry, yet despite the expectations of employees to engage in safe food handling, not all are motivated to do so. To date, research has yet to be conducted on the impact of employees’ individual belief systems and their motivations to comply with safe food-handling practices expected by both their employer and local health agencies. This study posits that individuals either possess an internal values system committed to food safety compliance or they do not; and, that individually oriented beliefs and norms have a significant influence on organizational efforts to implement an effective food safety culture. Practical and academic implications are discussed in detail.