最优所得税理论与我国个人所得税的实践

最优所得税理论一诞生,就受到了广泛关注。一些学者用不同模型阐述了最优所得税理论。虽毋须严格按照这些模型来设计我国的个人所得税制度,但其模型所体现的税制设计理念或思想对现阶段我国个人所得税制度的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

关于我国个人所得税征管信息化建设的对策建议

实现个人所得税的征管信息化 ,不但是国际潮流的大势所趋 ,也是摆在我国税务部门面前的当务之急。本文对我国税收信息化建设的现状、不足作了分析 ,并结合国外税收信息化建设的成功经验 ,对我国的个人所得税征管信息化建设提出了对策建议。     

Taxation of Interest Income

Why is interest income taxed so much more heavily than other forms of capital income? This differential tax treatment has generated substantial tax arbitrage, resulting in lower tax revenue, efficiency costs, and apparently net gains to rich borrowers and net losses to poor lenders, together suggesting that this tax treatment makes no sense on welfare grounds. In examining this argument more formally, this paper reveals two omitted considerations that can help explain the existing tax treatment. First, the forecasted increase in the market interest rate results in a redistribution from rich borrowers to poor lenders. Yet this redistribution comes at no marginal efficiency cost, starting from a situation with no distortions to portfolio choice, so at the margin dominates further redistribution through the income tax. In addition, information about an individual's portfolio choice reveals information about her earnings ability, even controlling for observed labor income, if those who are more able tend to be less risk averse. By making use of this extra information about earnings ability, the tax system can be better tailored to redistribute from able to less able, for any given efficiency cost.     

我国个人所得税的要素结构分析

研究个人所得税的要素结构对研究居民收入分配、要素收入分配和个人所得税税制改革均有重要意义.通过测算我国个人所得税的要素结构,发现我国个人所得税中对资本所得征税的比例平均维持在30％～40％左右,个人所得税对资本所得征税的比例远高于居民收入的资本所得比例.其原因在于资本所得适用税率较高,税收征管力度较强,而大部分劳动所得适用税率低,税收流失率也较资本所得严重.     

蒋金法:财税调分配

我今天要讲的题目是《完善政府财税政策,缩小收入分配差距》,这个主题和今天论坛经济转型与财政创新的主题可以说联系非常紧密,经济转型大家都知道是经济发展方式的转变,经济发展方式的转变必须要财政创新。第一个经济发展必须由     

Neutral Taxation of Shareholder Income

A Norwegian tax reform committee recently proposed a personal tax on the realized income from shares after deduction for an imputed risk-free rate of return. This paper describes the design of the proposed shareholder income tax and shows that it will be neutral with respect to investment and financing decisions and decisions to realize capital gains, provided that full loss offsets are granted. Thus the tax allows some non-distortionary double taxation of corporate equity income. With an appropriate choice of tax rates, it also solves the problem of income shifting under a dual income tax. JEL Code: H24, H25     

美国公司所得税制的实践及其对我国的启示

传统公司课税理论从法人性质角度说明公司负担所得税的合理性,但是这种解释方式受到了现行公司组织形式多样化的挑战。美国之所以对C公司、S公司、有限责任公司和开放式合伙采取灵活多样的所得税制,而不受纳税人是否具有独立法人资格的影响,乃是贯彻应能负税原则使然。在这一理论的指导下,并受国际上减轻经济性双重征税趋势的影响,我国对一人公司应改为采用单一课税模式。     

Debt Management under Corporate and Personal Taxation

The presence of long-term debt in a corporation's capital structure is shown to give rise to a valuable tax-timing option that can be exercised by the firm on behalf of its shareholders. This option, which is not available if the firm is fully equity financed, implies that leverage will have a positive tax effect on total firm value even if there is no such effect associated with the tax deductibility of the coupon interest payments on debt. The more volatile interest rates and bond prices are, the more valuable the tax-timing option and the larger the favorable impact of debt on shareholder wealth.     

个人收入分配税收调控的思考

近年来,我国的税收调控取得了明显成效,税收收入保持持续快速增长,国家的财政实力得到有效提高,促进了我国经济的稳定增长。但随着中国经济的发展,个人收入差距也在不断扩大,收入分配不公已成为影响我国社会稳定和经济发展的重大问题之一。本文以税收调节个人收入分配为视角,通过对个人收入分配税收调控存在的问题进行分析,提出完善我国个人收入分配税收调控的政策建议。     

浅析居民收入差距与税收政策调节

我国居民收入分配差距日益扩大的状况是和调节收入分配的税收制度不完善密切相关的.应遵循效率与公平并重的原则,建立起一个多税种协调配合,覆盖个人收入运行全过程的税收调控体系,以个人所得税为主体,以财产税和社会保障税为两翼,以其它税种为补充,多方面,多环节进行调节.     

税制“调结构”——会外看“两会”之一

全国"两会"正在召开,新理财杂志社也专访了全国财政系统优秀个人、湖南长沙市望城县财政局局长姚建刚。调结构为先《新理财》:现在大家都很关注"两会",您作为一位财政局长和一个公民,您最关心的议题是什么?姚建刚:首先作为一个财政局长来说,我最关心的是经济结构的调整、发展方式的转变。这也是当前工作的主线。但是现在县级经济缺乏发展的     

我国个人所得税制的功能定位和发展完善

个人所得税的功能定位首先应放在调节收入分配上,以解决目前我国现阶段收入分配严重不公的问题;其次要考虑发挥其组织财政收入的功能。改革课税模式、健全费用扣除、规范税收优惠、加强税收征管是我国个人所得税改革的应有选择。     

Compliance Costs of Corporate Income Taxation in Singapore

This study is the second in a series of studies investigating tax compliance costs incurred by public-listed companies. We found evidence of a size effect which is a predominant finding of similar studies. The size effect was more pronounced when absolute measures of costs were used than when a relative measure, cost/sales turnover, was used. Additional evidence was found of limited success relating to the IRAS's moves to simplify the tax system. Specifically, only large companies with sales turnover exceeding $500m benefited and considerably reduced their overall compliance costs. Most of the decrease was a result of the computational component of compliance costs. This resulted in the gap in absolute costs narrowing between Group 3 and any of the other categories of companies. There was also greater reliance on external professionals, the smaller the company. Views elicited indicate that more could be done to increase accessibility to IRAS publications for Group 1 and Group 2 companies.     

论跨境员工持股计划的国际税收法律问题

在传统的税法界定中,股票期权所得属于工资薪金所得,但它特有的性质决定了对其征税的规则不同于一般工资薪金所得。我国对于股票期权征税的立法规定体现在国家税务总局颁布的4部法规中,规范主要涉及四大问题:对所得的界定、跨国征税中境内所得的划分、所得征税的程序以及对企业应税所得的抵扣。OECD在2004年发布的报告和2005年新出的所得征税范本的注释中,针对跨国股票期权所得征税问题也做出相应回应。借鉴OECD的最新研究报告,应对我国现有制度中潜在的问题进行反思。     

分项收入不平等效应与收入结构的优化

从分项收入角度考察城乡收入不平等,不仅能判断产生收入不平等的原因,还能判断什么分项收入有利于增加收入总量;不仅能量化收入不平等效应,还能根据收入不平等效应来优化收入结构。研究发现,分项收入具有性质不同、大小不等的收入不平等效应,其中工资性收入扩大收入不平等的效应最强、转移性收入次之、财产性收入最小;经营性收入是唯一具有缩小收入不平等效应的分项收入。据此,我们认为,城乡居民收入结构优化的方向应该是,稳定维持工资性收入、适当调整转移性收入、适度控制财产性收入并努力增加经营性收入。