Leader productivity and people orientations for cooperative goals and effective teams in China

Researchers have traditionally distinguished leaders by the extent to which they are oriented to people and productivity, and meta-analytic results indicate that these orientations have consistent and practically important effects. But research is needed to understand the dynamics by which these orientations induce team effectiveness. This study empirically relates leader orientations to teamwork by suggesting that productivity- and people-oriented leaders develop cooperative goals among team members that in turn results in team effectiveness. A total of 146 team leaders from 21 organizations in China completed measures of productivity and people orientations and their encouraging cooperative goals among team members; 1067 team members rated their effectiveness. Results of the structural equation analysis support the theorizing that leader productivity and people values when complemented by strengthening cooperative relationships can contribute to making teams effective in China and perhaps in other countries as well.     

The Effects of Leader Succession and Prior Leader Experience on Postsuccession Organizational Performance

In this article we strive to reconcile equivocal findings about the effects of top leader succession and prior leadership experience on postsuccession organizational performance. In doing so, we draw on insights from theories of human capital, learning, and asymmetric information to better understand the conditions under which leaders increase or decrease postsuccession performance. Employing a sample of 119 newly appointed leaders in the English Premier League (1996–2010), we find the following results. First, relating to the succession event, outside leaders that directly move between leadership positions are associated with higher postsuccession performance while the departure of a prior leader to a leadership position in another organization has a negative effect on postsuccession performance. Second, relating to prior leadership experience, leaders with domestic top leader experience are associated with lower postsuccession performance, while leaders with foreign top leader experience are associated with higher postsuccession performance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Leadership in Temporary Organizations: A Review of Leadership Theories and a Research Agenda

Projects and other temporary forms of organizing are different from standard organizational processes. As most leadership theories are based on the assumption of stable organizational environments, the increase in temporary forms of organizing poses specific challenges to leadership theories. We evaluate existing leadership theories in terms of their applicability on temporary environments and identify theories, which are adaptable to temporary settings and therefore may be the basis for empirical investigations in this field. On this basis we derive a research agenda by proposing individual leadership theories and combinations of different leadership approaches to be further assessed in research.     

中国情境下伦理型领导对领导有效性影响研究

伦理型领导对领导有效性的研究是领导学研究的重点和热点之一。但是,现有研究很少涉及伦理型领导在中国情境下的适用性。本文以中国企业为对象,运用相关统计与分析方法对随机抽样获得的问卷调查数据进行研究,试图探索出中国情境下实施伦理型领导的可行性和必要性,以及应该注意的问题。     

透析组织中的员工沉默行为

从企业管理的角度提出了员工沉默的四分法,即:个体沉默、群体沉默、同行沉默和上行沉默四种形式,并分析了员工沉默的产生原因,以及员工沉默对组织和员工个体带来的消极影响。在此基础上,提出了改善员工沉默的人力资源管理和开发策略。     

The Global Leadership Life Inventory: development and psychometric properties of a 360-degree feedback instrument

The purpose of this paper is to describe the design of Global Leadership Life Inventory (GlobeInvent), a 360-degree leadership feedback instrument. This instrument is presently used in executive programmes to help identify the operational mode of individual executives. Proper use of this instrument enables the user to determinate those areas of leadership behaviour where improvement is needed.

Because most studies pay attention only to the surface manifestations of leadership, most leadership feedback instruments, in turn, are not concerned with the psychodynamic processes that underlie leaders' character and behaviour. To address this gap, the GlobeInvent is based on a clinical orientation to the study of leadership. This approach provides a more complete analysis of the ‘inner theatre’ of leaders?–?that is, what makes them tick?–?as well as measuring the dynamic, two-way relationship between leaders and followers.

The first step in designing the instrument was to pinpoint significant themes pertaining to exemplary leadership. To that end, semi-structured interviews with senior executives were held. The leadership dimensions that emerged from that process were then tested on an international sample of senior executives. Analysis of the data from the testing confirmed the existence of twelve robust dimensions with a high reliability and internal consistency.

Because the GlobeInvent is a 360-degree feedback instrument, this article addresses differences between ‘Self’ scores and scores given by others (‘Observers’), gender differences in scoring and the influence of nationality, management experience and age on test results. The implications of using such an instrument as a 360-degree feedback tool are reviewed, and suggestions for future research are offered.     

领导在东莞东江大桥施工过程中的体现

东莞东江大桥是一座跨东江的特大型桥梁,建造任务艰巨,大桥项目通过构建项目领导核心和领导体系,根据被领导者的素质、实施领导的条件和环境的实际情况,有针对性地实施相应层级的领导方式,产生了良好的领导效果。     

Implementing Change in Public Organizations: The relationship between leadership and affective commitment to change in a public sector context

We propose and test a theoretical framework concerning the relationship between transformational leadership behaviour and affective commitment to change in a public sector context. We apply change management theory to explain how direct supervisors contribute to processes of organizational change, thereby increasing affective commitment to change among employees. While the change leadership literature emphasizes the role of executive managers during change, we conclude that the transformational leadership behaviour of direct supervisors is an important contribution to the successful implementation of change. Furthermore, the results show how the specific context of public organizations determines the transformational leadership behaviour of direct supervisors.     

Leadership in Organizational Knowledge Creation: A Review and Framework

Organizational knowledge creation integrates context, knowledge assets, and knowledge creation processes throughout the organization. Using organizational knowledge creation theory as an organizing framework, we conduct a literature review that shows prior work has focused on the role of central, upper‐echelon, leadership in knowledge creation processes, without devoting much attention to context and knowledge assets. To remedy these weaknesses, we develop a new framework for situational leadership in organizational knowledge creation. The framework is based on a continuum that ranges from centralized to distributed leadership at three layers of activity: a core layer of local knowledge creation; a conditional layer that provides the resources and context for knowledge creation; and a structural layer that forms the overall frame and direction for knowledge creation in the organization. We discuss the implications of this framework for theory and practice.     

Human Resource Management Practices and Trust in Public Organizations

Abstract

Trust has been acknowledged as a valuable managerial resource within organizations. Working as a lubricant of organizational functioning, trust reduces opportunistic behaviours while it increases voluntary compliance to organizational norms and rules as well as enhancing individual and organizational performance. Considering the importance of trust, it is worthwhile to explore what factors may help build trust within organizations. This research investigates whether perceptions of several human resource management (HRM) practices are associated with trust in government organizations. According to social exchange theory, HRM practices signal management's commitment to employees which in turn leads to greater trust in the organization. Using data from an employee survey conducted for the Georgia Department of Transportation in 2007, this research tests how employee perceptions of HRM practices are related to trust in three distinct levels of management in a large department of state government: trust in department leadership, trust in one's leadership team, and trust in one's supervisor. Binary logit analyses suggest that perceptions of HRM practices focusing on autonomy, compensation, communication, performance appraisal, and career development are associated with trust in public organizations. According to the result, those practices present variation in their leverage on trust in leadership at different levels.     

A diagnosis of leadership effectiveness in the Irish public sector

Abstract

As Ireland has followed other countries in modernizing its public sector according to the principles of ‘new public management’ (without introducing market mechanisms on the same scale as its Anglo-Saxon counterparts), the capacity of its public managers to supply the leadership required to drive this programme forward has been identified as a crucial factor affecting its sustainability. A broadly representative sample of Irish public managers has been surveyed using the Leadership Effectiveness Analysis diagnostic instrument to identify those behaviours that need to be developed since they are infrequently used or can moderate the liabilities associated with frequently used behaviours. The findings of this study are interpreted within the context of a broader literature that debates the distinctiveness, significance and malleability of organizational leadership, in general, and the possibility of achieving a balance between different and, at times, conflicting public leadership behaviours, in particular.     

Parenthetic Learning in Organizations: Toward the Unlearning of the Unlearning Model

The organizational ‘unlearning’ model is discussed. It is argued that the model fails to capture the individual and organizational processes necessary to achieve the objectives for which it is proposed. To achieve these objectives, an alternative, ‘parenthetic learning’ model of organizational learning and change is proposed.     

人物类电视专题片制作过程探析

文章从脚本撰写、素材整理和后期编辑等三个方面系统论述了人物类电视专题片的拍摄制作过程,并重点从音频处理、视频剪接和特技运用等三个方面探讨了人物类电视专题片后期编辑的过程。     

企业领导团队相对进步效度的动态测评

领导团队的管理行为直接影响到企业的生存和发展。对领导团队的测评通常采用绝对进步效度，即通过领导团队绩效的对照期指标比值进行测算的方法。这种方法显然忽视了测评团队客观基础条件和环境的作用，难以反映出团队付出的努力所产生的变化。应用数据包络分析方法。结合领导团队的有效努力程度，通过个体相对进步指数测算相对进步效度。真实地反映领导团队在等参照前提下的有效进步程度，有助于领导团队的自我评价并为企业管理部门提供有效的测评依据。     

中国现代传媒组织的绩效指标设计思路研究

转型时期中国公共组织的绩效评估日益受到组织内外实践者的关注。特别是具有经济和社会双重目标的公共企业组织,当前急切需求一套合理的简洁有效的绩效管理工具用于支持其制定科学的决策。本文基于电视传媒产业的个案分析发现,直接运用成熟的绩效指标设计思路会遭遇到诸多的难题。为此,在实际的绩效指标设计过程中,结合组织的决策支持的需求和实际的行业特性,提出了一种新的绩效设计思路,为同类型其他组织的绩效指标设计提供了有益的启示。     

关于汉中市A型性格学生的研究及分析

研究A型性格对我们的身心健康至关重要,它与医学也有密切联系,为了解汉中市学生中A型性格所占比重,笔者随机抽取汉中市300名学生进行A型B型性格测验问卷调查,结果发现被试中42.52%为A型性格,由此,笔者提出了克服A型性格给我们生活带来危害的有效措施,以期提高人们的生活质量。     

领导行为视角的员工组织公民行为研究:一个新的分析框架

领导行为是影响员工组织公民行为的重要因素,员工结合对领导行为的认知结果决定自己的行为。根据认知心理学的研究,员工认知领导行为会有自己的标准,标准的不同是产生认知差异的原因之一。而由领导理论可知,内隐领导理论反映的正是人们心中对领导的期望标准;据此提出以员工内隐领导理论为认知参照标准,探讨员工对现实领导行为的认知差异对员工组织公民行为的影响机制的分析框架。     

浅析汉字识别技术在档案管理工作中的应用

汉字识别技术在当今的档案管理工作中有着重要的应用价值。详细探讨了汉字识别后生成的文本数据的属性问题以及汉字识别技术的应用方式。     

Development and application of the Leadership Archetype Questionnaire

The leadership assessment questionnaire (LAQ) is a 360 degree survey instrument designed to help organizational leaders identify their own style of leadership and formulate appropriate development objectives. It is designed to provide avenues for development of an executive team in which multiple leadership archetypes are represented. The LAQ is based on eight leadership archetypes – strategist, change-catalyst, transactor, builder, innovator, processor, coach, and communicator. These archetypes are representations of ways of leading in a complex organizational environment. In this article, we discuss the development, design, and psychometric analysis of the LAQ. We detail the conceptual foundations of the questionnaire and the psychometric methods used to confirm the validity and reliability of the instrument. We conclude with avenues for future research.     

非营利组织治理结构:特征分析与框架构建

非营利组织治理效率的高低取决于对非营利组织治理结构的厘清程度,由此也就取决于其治理结构基本框架的构建.文章回顾了非营利组织治理结构研究的相关文献,在此基础上对非营利组织结构特征进行分析,并致力于构建我国非营利组织治理结构的基本框架.