药物经济学在我国药品定价中应用的定位分析

目的为药物经济学在我国药品定价中的正确应用提供政策建议。方法通过介绍我国药品价格管制措施的局限性,探讨药物经济学在药品定价中应用的可行性及必要性,进一步分析药物经济学在药品定价中应用所需的明确定位。结果与结论在药品定价中药物经济学所评价的药物范围应为新药和专利期内的垄断药品。作为应用主体的定价部门应站在全社会角度通过制定权威的药物经济学评价指南,委托第三方专家组对制药企业提交的药物经济学评价报告进行评估,将评估结果作为药品定价部门与制药企业谈判协商价格时的科学依据,在达到对新药和专利期内垄断药品控费的同时,鼓励药品创新和研发,最终保证患者对药品持续的可及性。     

药物经济学在药品不良反应评价中的应用

目的：了解将药物经济学（Pharmacoeconomics,PE）原理与方法应用于药品不良反应（ADR）评价的研究进展。方法：查阅文献,对近年药物经济学在ADR中的应用进行综述。结果：总结了药物经济学的概念、原理、研究背景,药物经济学在ADR中的重要意义、作用及应用。结论：开展药物经济学在ADR评价中的应用研究,可为医院管理者提供决策依据。对规范临床药物治疗,提高治疗水平具有指导意义。     

药品定价浅析

目的:探索我国药品定价的合理模式。方法:对现行药品价格管理模式的现状进行分析。结果与结论:加强政府对药品价格的宏观调控,应用药物经济学方法与成果,提高政府定价的科学性和透明度,使药品定价更加趋于科学与合理。     

我国药物经济学在控制药品费用中的应用

文章介绍了加拿大运用药物经济学方法调控药品费用的经验,并通过国内外对比,借鉴国外先进经验与方法,结合我国国情,探讨我国控制药品费用上涨的经济手段。     

药品费用控制中药物经济学的重要作用

如何控制药品费用的上涨已成为当前迫切需要解决的问题.药物经济学研究为解决这一问题提供了一个新的工具.本文对药物经济学的定义、研究方法、实施步骤及作用进行了介绍.     

随机化检验在药物经济学评价中的应用

目前,国内关于药物经济学评价大多采用点估计的方法简单对比不同用药方案的评价指标,但是基于统计推断的理论,这种简单处理并不能反映研究人群总体的比较结果。本文将随机化检验应用于药物经济学评价中,能在一定程度上解决药物经济学疗效评价的问题。     

药物经济学在我国的发展现状及应用分析

在社会发展的进程中,健康是人类最基础的生存条件,而人类的健康取决于药物的存在。在20世纪,人类的健康水平已经有了很大的提高,这样的健康水平是人类一直在追求的目的,也是中国乃至世界上都在关注的问题。在这样的世界环境下,婴幼儿死亡率下降,人均寿命也在不断的增长,这是人类健康问题上要必须面对的问题。人类的健康现在面临着很多的挑战和问题。人类正在向老龄化的方向发展,疾病发生率必须要受到控制。随着人类疾病向慢性病转移,医疗费用又是一个很大的问题。在目前的经济环境下,医疗费用是最为严重也是需要马上解决的问题。     

药物经济学在我国医药领域的应用

本文简要介绍了药物经济学的基本概念、研究的意义,阐述了药物经济学在我国医院、医药企业、药品政策制定中的作用,并且分析药物经济学在我国医药领域应用中存在的问题,提出解决方案,最后对药物经济学的发展前景进行了展望。     

韩国药物经济学评价实践:指南、应用与挑战

韩国是亚洲第一个发布药物经济学评价指南并开展药物经济学评价实践的国家,也是目前亚洲唯一一个强制执行药物经济学评价的国家.中韩两国在历史传统、文化背景、流行病学等方面都有诸多相似之处,因此韩国药物经济学评价的实践经验对我国有着一定的借鉴意义.但由于韩国的药物经济学评价指南未发布英文版本,相关文献也是韩文居多,因此国内一直...     

新药审核的经济学保障——药物经济学评价

本文通过介绍国外药物经济学在新药审核中应用的概况,着重分析了在新药审核中引进药物经济学评价的必要性和作用以及其可能带来的影响,并以国外的有益做法与实际,为药物经济学在我国的实际应用提供可借鉴的经验,改变现今医药行业中不合理的因素,缓解和改善我国医疗服务资源相对短缺的现状,进一步促进人民群众的身体健康。     

Fundamental obstacles to the use of scientific information in public policy making

In contrast to the prevailing view that more effective use can be made of scientific information in public policy formation, several fundamental obstacles to the effective use of science are identified and described. It is argued that any effort to bring scientific information to bear on public policy must show how these obstacles have been removed.     

Scale economies with regard to price adjustment costs and the speed of price adjustment in Australian manufacturing

This paper aims to examine the impact of firm size, industry concentration and the length of production on industry speed of price adjustment. To motivate the paper, an industry pricing model in error correction form is derived from firm pricing behaviour. As a new development, firms are assumed to have price adjustment costs that are a function of their size. The empirical model is estimated using two‐digit Australian manufacturing industry data for the period 1994:3 to 2006:1. The results suggest that the industry speed of price adjustment is positively related to firm size and negatively related to industry concentration and the production lag. Implied values for industry speeds of price adjustment are generally small when compared to other country industry studies. However, the industry average median lag of 7.1 quarters indicates a slightly faster speed of price adjustment than the estimate for the Australian consumer price index by Dwyer and Leong (2001 Dwyer, J. and Leong, K. 2001. Changes in the determination of inflation in Australia 1–44. Reserve Bank of Australia Research Discussion Paper 2001‐02 [Google Scholar]).     

Revisiting the oil price and stock market nexus: A nonlinear Panel ARDL approach

In this paper, we re-examine the relationship between oil price and stock prices in oil exporting and oil importing countries in the following distinct ways. First, we account for possible nonlinearities in the relationship in order to quantify the asymmetric response of stock prices of these two categories to positive and negative oil price changes. Secondly, in order to capture within group differences, we allow for heterogeneity effect in the cross-sections by formulating a nonlinear Panel ARDL model which is the panel data representation of the Shin et al. (2014) model and also analogous to the non-stationary heterogenous panel data model. Thirdly, we evaluate the relative predictability of the linear (symmetric) and nonlinear (asymmetric) Panel ARDL models using the Campbell and Thompson (2008) test. Our results depict that stock prices of both oil exporting and oil importing groups respond asymmetrically to changes in oil price although the response is stronger in the latter than the former. This finding is further corroborated by the out-of-sample forecast results suggesting that the inclusion of positive and negative oil price changes in the predictive model for stock prices will produce better forecast results only for the oil importing countries. Our results are robust to different oil price proxies, lag structure and in-sample periods. Overall, the dichotomy between oil exporting and oil importing countries has implications on oil price-stock nexus.     

价格鉴证风险及应对的初步分析

价格鉴证作为社会主义市场经济活动中的重要内容,对于保障社会经济的健康运行发挥着重要的作用。价格鉴证人员作为价格鉴证工作的主要承担者,为价格鉴证工作的发展做出了重大贡献,但也面临着一系列潜在的危险。从价格鉴证风险的产生与发展角度出发,对应对价格鉴证风险提供相应的政策建议。     

Estimation of the effects of price on apartment water demand using cointegration and error correction techniques

Water price is a key instrument in regulating water demand in the residential sector. Many empirical studies have assessed the effects of price through quantifying the price elasticity of water demand. However, most of these studies have mainly focused on the single-family housing rather the multifamily housing. An in-depth understanding of the price elasticity of multifamily housing water demand is paramount for water planners in order to properly manage water use in the fast growing intensive housing developments in urban areas. This study investigates both the long-term and short-term price elasticities of water demand in the residential apartments in Auckland central city. Using 6 years of monthly time series data, the price elasticities were estimated through cointegration and error correction methods. The results showed that the price elasticities of water demand were ?0.14 and ?0.12 in the short term and the long term, respectively. The price is inelastic yet negative and statistically significant, thus it can play a role in demand management.     

Using FRED data to teach price elasticity of demand

In this article, the authors discuss the use of Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) statistics to teach the concept of price elasticity of demand in an introduction to economics course. By using real data in its computation, they argue that instructors can create a value-adding context for illustrating and applying a foundational concept in economics. Additionally, this pedagogical strategy contributes to developing an expected proficiency for economics majors related to “interpreting and manipulating data” (Hansen 2009, 2012). The authors provide step-by-step instructions on how to use FRED to compute the price elasticity of demand for motor vehicle fuels and gasoline as well as examples of in-class discussion questions and take-home assignments related to this instructional technique.     

Drivers of price reaction to rights issue announcements in the Kuwait Stock Exchange

This study examines the drivers behind stock price reactions to announcements of rights issues by firms listed on the Kuwaiti Stock Exchange for the period 2003–2013. We find higher cumulative abnormal returns for firms that undertake larger issues, with the issue size reflecting the availability of favourable investment opportunities and their potential positive impact on firms’ earnings. We also document a positive price reaction in firms that are affiliated with a family group. We interpret this as evidence that the proceeds of the rights offering would be employed effectively when the firm is controlled by a family firm. No evidence was found for the price pressure and pricing effects.