管道工程物资采购合同管理存在的问题及对策

管道工程物资采购合同,是指管道工程物资供应商根据工程业主、设计单位等提出的请购单或批准的采购文件,通过招标、投标、竞争性谈判等方式,与物资生产商、代理商等一同确定的具有法律效力的文件.其适用的法律条款与遵循的原则应与物资采购合同完全一致.笔者在列举管道工程物资采购合同管理目前存在问题的基础上提出了改进建议.     

关于铁路企业物资采购方式的思考

在对铁路企业物资采购招投标工作现状及存在问题进行分析的基础上,针对"招投标适用例外"的采购项目,提出应采取谈判采购的方式。谈判采购在国家和铁道部相关法律法规中具有与招投标采购同等的法律地位。铁路企业应建立清晰合法、科学的谈判采购理念,明确和完善铁路企业谈判采购相应的行为规范和程序规范,以适应采购实践的需要,达到进一步提高采购质量、降低采购成本的目标。     

管道工程物资采购全流程质量管理初探

管道工程物资采购全流程质量管理是指在中石油集团公司物资采购质量管理规定及要求的范围内,完善组织机构和制度体系,明确职责和范围,实施物资采购质量控制关口前移,以物资采购流程为主线,梳理整个采购流程中的过程,针对过程识别并确定质量控制点,制定相应的控制措施.由每一采购过程的相关采购执行部门及其人员按照确定的质量控制点与对应的控制措施实施主动的质量控制,质量管理部门对实施过程进行有效监督,从而实现物资采购全流程的质量控制,提高质量控制的水平和能力.     

基于价值工程理论的高速铁路建设方案优选研究

在高速铁路的走向方案设计过程中，通常存在多种可行性方案，如何从多种铁路规划设计方案中选择出既能最大程度实现其功能，又能降低投资成本的方案是铁路建设方案决策的重点。依据价值工程的基本原理，通过系统分析铁路规划设计方案的功能属性和成本要素，建立铁路设计方案的功能指标系统和成本指标系统，形成铁路方案价值指标体系，并根据对哈佳快速铁路的方案分析，计算不同方案的功能值、成本值及价值量。结合价值量分析结果，对哈佳快速铁路方案选择提出推荐意见。研究表明，采用价值工程理论进行铁路规划设计方案的分析和比较，结论科学合理，与工程实践相一致，可以为铁路规划设计方案的选择提供有益借鉴。     

工程物资采购过程中质量、费用、进度、安全之间关系及控制措施

工程物资采购的质量、费用、进度、安全四者之间是既相互联系、又相互制约,既相互对立、又相互统一的关系。如果采购的物资质量要求过高,工程原材料、设备、设施等安全将得以保证,但采购费用就会直线上升,采购进度就会放慢,工期也无法保证。如果控制采购费用,采购物资     

基于价值工程的城市轨道交通建设项目评标方法探讨

为有效解决城市轨道交通建设项目评标问题,在简要分析城市轨道交通建设项目招标类型与评标方法的基础上,通过对影响城市轨道交通建设项目评标的工程质量、工程工期、社会信誉等因素进行分析,建立评价指标体系,并运用价值工程理论和层次分析法构建评标模型,将各投标人的投标报价作为成本指标,以所计算的功能系数、成本系数及价值系数作为依据,按价值系数的高低顺序择优确定技术能力强、报价合理的投标人,从而实现招标采购活动,并以案例分析进行说明。     

克拉苏气田输气管道工程EPC项目物资采办管控对策

在绝大多数的管道工程中,施工单位都只是施工总承包,承包商只具备发挥施工技术优势的空间,其物资管理往往是停留在单纯按照采购清单采购和疲于满足现场施工技术措施用料的层面,对物资采购的管控比较有限。中国石油天然气管道第二工程公司（以下简称管道二公司）承建的克拉苏气田输气管道EPC工程项目部,根据自身为管道局下属分公司独立实施EPC工程总承包的特点,依托中国石油天然气集团物资集中采购合格供货商资源,     

做好采购分析 降低采购成本

采购分析,是指采购人对采购活动和采购结果进行分析,确定该采购哪些物资、采用什么方式采购、采购多少、向谁采购、何时采购、预计的采购单价是多少、何时交货、采用何种运输方式、由谁负责运输等问题。正确的采购分析,不仅可以确保采购服务商能够保质、保量、按时、经济的供应物资,而且也可以在控制成本工作上发挥重要的作用。     

铁路工程项目内部审计探析

本文对铁路建设项目特点进行了分析,阐述了施工企业通过对铁路建设项目中各项重点环节的内部审计监督,防范铁路项目施工过程中在资金使用、物资采购、质量控制、结算管理等方面产生风险,保障铁路项目施工顺利展开,从而促进企业健康、有序地发展。     

如何提高站段物资管理效益

加强铁路站段物资管理是提高铁路经济效益的重要方面，但站段具有站场大，物资品类多，无定额、供销渠道多，管理手段，落后等难点，这此必须制定统一的物资管理办法和采购制度，严把采购并，选好供货渠道，制定合理消耗定额，改善物资管理环境和手段，并加强对干部职工节支降耗的教育，才能改善站段物资管理的面貌。     

Drivers and barriers to online airline ticket purchasing

Although online sales of airline tickets are growing, many travellers are still reluctant to use the web as a purchase channel. Given the cost advantages of online sales for airlines, it is useful for them to know the main drivers and barriers affecting the use of the Internet to purchase tickets. This study analyses the influence of risk, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on the airline ticket online purchase intention. The results of a survey show that perceived purchase risk and perceived usefulness exercise a direct influence on airline ticket purchasing intentions, while perceived ease of use has an indirect influence through perceived usefulness. Psychological risk, performance risk and privacy risk are the predominant perceived risk dimensions in airline tickets purchase, whereas social risk and time loss risk are negligible.     

Optimal purchase timing in the airline market

This paper presents general patterns in airline pricing behaviour and a methodology for analysing different routes and/or carriers. The purpose is to provide customers with the relevant information they need to decide the best time to purchase a ticket, striking a balance between the desire to save money and any time restraints the buyer may have.The study shows how non-parametric isotonic regression techniques, as opposed to standard parametric techniques, are particularly useful. Most importantly, we can determine the margin of time consumers may delay their purchase without significant price increase, specify the economic loss for each day the purchase is delayed and detect when it is better to wait until the last day to make a purchase.As an application, we analysed air fares for routes from Madrid to London, Frankfurt, New York and Paris over the course of two months, taking into account advance-purchase ticket sales of up to 30 days. We found that the consumer has a margin of 18 days prior to departure within which to purchase a ticket without any significant economic penalty.     

Airline brand equity,brand preference,and purchase intentions—The moderating effects of switching costs

This study examines the relationships between brand equity, brand preference, and purchase intentions on international air passengers’ decisions in Taiwan. The findings indicate positive relationships between brand equity, brand preference, and purchase intentions with a moderation effect of switching cost affecting the relationship between brand equity and purchase intentions. More specifically, the effect of brand equity on purchase intentions is not significant for passengers with low switching costs.     

Do global airline alliances influence the passenger's purchase decision?

This study examines the influences of airline global alliances on the purchase intention of international air passengers in Taiwan. The findings indicate positive relationships between global airline alliances, brand equity, brand preference and purchase intention with a moderation effect of involvement impacting on the relationship between global airline alliances and brand equity, and the relationship between brand preferences and purchase intention. In particular, for highly involved passengers, the effect of global airline alliances on brand equity, and brand preference on purchase intention, is significant.     

Assessing the effects of perceived value (utilitarian and hedonic) in LCCs and FSCs: Evidence from South Korea

In the airline industry, passengers choose and buy service based on their perception of which airline delivers better value. Thus, it is important to compare two types of airlines, Low Cost Carriers (LCCs) and Full Service Carriers (FSCs), to measure how much their product or service is worth and the effect of perceived value on passengers' purchase decisions. This study examined the relationship between perceived value, satisfaction, and purchase intention in both FSCs and LCCs. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were performed for data analysis. Our findings reveal that passenger satisfaction in LCCs is affected by hedonic value and utilitarian value, but passengers' future purchase intention is not dependent on satisfaction even when passengers are satisfied. In FSCs, moreover, utilitarian value is not a significant factor for satisfaction and purchase intention. This research provides implications for airline marketers and directions for future research.     

Advance purchase behaviors of air passengers: A continuous logit model

Modeling the advance purchase behaviors of air passengers is essential when airlines develop revenue management strategies. Therefore, this study empirically investigates advance purchase behaviors based on the air ticket transaction data by using a continuous logit model. The estimation results show that advance purchase behaviors are significantly affected by price, price uncertainty, time of day (morning, afternoon and evening flight), days of week (flight on Friday), months of year (peak or off-peak seasons), and consecutive holiday. Accordingly, different pricing strategies should be used for different flights to maximize revenue.     

The influences of airline brand credibility on consumer purchase intentions

This study investigates how brand credibility affects consumer purchase intention in the airline sector. Based on signaling theory and relationship marketing theory, it explores the relationships among four constructs: brand credibility, decision convenience, affective commitment and purchase intention. A structural equation model applied to consumer survey data supports the argument. The results indicate that airline brand credibility increases consumer purchase intention by increasing consumers' decision convenience and enhancing affective commitment. Decision convenience can be considered a new mediator of a causal relationship between brand credibility and purchase intention. The results offer implications for airline marketers and directions for future research.     

Lowest price guarantees on airline websites: Perceived believability,perceived value,and purchase intentions

Although lowest price guarantees (LPGs) are common on airlines’ official websites, a deeper understanding of how customers evaluate these guarantees is lacking. This study examines the effects of two LPG terms—depth of refund and refund conditions—on customer perceptions and purchase intention. An experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial design was conducted with a sample of 282 adults, and structural equation modelling was used to test the model. The results show that refund depth increases customer purchase intention by enhancing perceptions of the believability and value of the LPG. Strict refund conditions enhance customer purchase intention by increasing the believability of the LPGs.     

The influence of value perceptions on tourist souvenir purchase decisions

Shopping is an important activity impacting the travel and tourism industry. This research explores the influence of value perceptions on tourists' souvenir purchase decisions. A convenience sample of 380 respondents from a southeastern US university completed a survey regarding value perception towards the destination visited, type of shopping venue, and souvenir purchase intention. Through structural equation modeling, results revealed that functional and social value significantly influenced tourists' purchase intentions. This result provides valuable insight suggesting destination marketers should focus on these two indicators in future planning and promotion strategies. Limitations and directions for future research are provided.     

The influence of tourists' expectations on purchase intention: Linking marketing strategy for low-cost airlines

Drawing on an integrated framework of marketing strategy, this study develops and tests a novel perspective for low-cost airline tourists that explicates the critical attributes of service quality through which Corporate Reputation (CR) and Word of Mouth (WOM) are associated with purchase intention. The study also examines the buffering role of empathy in tourists' purchase decision making processes. In a sample of 535 international and domestic tourists, this study found service quality to be related to increased purchase intention by boosting tourists' positive evaluations for airlines' corporate reputations and word of mouth received from other tourists. Additionally, the results demonstrated a positive correlation quality of service and WOM, depending on tourists' levels of empathy. Specifically, they suggested that WOM was positively related to purchase intention when high levels of empathy from tourists were perceived for the low-cost airline.