人民币升值对FDI流入与产业结构优化影响的实证分析

对于开放经济体,本币升值会对国内产业结构产生影响。本文利用2005—2011年的季度数据,通过协整检验和建立误差修正模型来分析人民币升值对FDI流入与产业结构优化的影响。实证结果显示,人民币即期汇率升值与FDI流入和产业结构优化之间不存在因果关系,而FDI流入与产业结构优化对人民币远期汇率变动与即期汇率波动的变动反应较敏感,无论长期还是短期,人民币远期汇率升值与即期汇率波动弹性加大都不利于我国FDI对产业结构优化积极作用的发挥。     

世界主要货币波动现状给我们的启示

2005年7月21日,我国宣布启动人民币汇率形成机制改革,不再盯住单一美元,参照一篮子货币实行有管理的浮动汇率制度。从此,人民币汇率走上了波动之路。2008年7月21日,人民币汇率从8.2765元/美元升值到了6.8271元/美元,3年对美元升值21%以上。直到如今,人民币升值问题仍然备受关注和引人热议。一方面,西方发达国家纷纷要求人民币继续升值;另一方面,我们国家也感到了人民币升值带来的压力。面对这种情况,我们有必要加强对我国人民币汇率波动问题研究,如近期怎样看待和应对人民不升值问题;远期如何看待和应对人民币实现可自由兑换之后的汇率波动问题。本文从汇率波动的角度,通过对美元、欧元、日元和英镑的汇率波动实证分析,得出了一些相关看法和启示。     

退出盯住汇率制度不同策略的比较研究

在开放经济争件下，盯住汇率制度变得越来越不可维持。很多国家不断退出盯住汇率制度，实行更加灵活的汇率制度。本文把银行体系引入到第二代货币危机模型中，并对模型进行了扩展，构建了退出盯住汇率制度的不同策略模型，即危机驱动退出策略模型和主动退出策略模型。同时，本文还比较了作为退出策略的一种替代，即资本管制策略。     

人民币汇率波动规律研究——基于GARCH模型

利用GARCH类模型对2007年1月1日至2010年4月30日的人民币/美元的日汇率序列的波动特性进行了计量检验,检验结果表明在此期间汇率序列的波动存在显著的条件异方差性和波动性过程的非对称性,且还具有波动的集群性特征。     

人民币汇率波动性特征的实证分析——基于GARCH模型

本文基于2011年8月-2017年8月人民币兑美元日汇率中间价数据,通过描述性统计、正态性检验、自相关检验、平稳性检验等方法实证分析了人民币汇率的波动性特征,并建立GARCH(1,1)模型,归纳出影响人民币汇率波动性的主要经济因素,最后针对如何化解人民币汇率的波动风险给出了相关政策建议.     

高额外汇储备对我国房地产市场的影响

一、我国外汇储备基本情况分析 1994年，我国进行了外汇体制改革，实现了汇率的并轨，实行结售汇制。在实际运行中我国实行严格的盯住美元汇率制度，直到2005年7月21日这种严格盯住才有所趋缓，人民币走上稳中有升之路。但是这种稳中有升的汇率安排只是相对美元而言，人民币与其他货币并不能自由浮动，且由于美元的不断贬值，导致人民币也追随美元而不断贬值。在这样的汇率体制下，人民币汇率被动确定，且严重低估，结果外贸顺差，资本流入，外汇储备不断增加。     

美元国际供应量的界定、估算及其影响因素

美元国际供应量的规模和波动程度对汇率、资本流动和世界经济增长有相当重要的影响.本文分析了美元的国际供给和流通机制,在界定并估算美元国际供应量的基础上,通过单位根检验和误差修正模型对美元国际供应量的影响因素进行了实证研究,研究结果表明,美国实际GDP的增长和美元升值都会引起经常项目下美元国际供给的增加.本文的政策含义在于,主要储备货币国家应实行自律的财政政策和货币政策,以降低储备货币供给的过度波动给汇率和世界经济带来的冲击.     

人民币升值影响FDI流入的实证分析

2005年7月21日,中国人民银行发布人民币汇率形成机制改革公告:调整人民币汇率水平,人民币对美元升值2%。那么此次央行公开发布人民币升值会如何影响我国的外商直接投资呢?本文先讨论我国汇率制度和外商投资企业在我国的生产经营特点,然后构建计量经济学模型分析人民币升值会给我国外资企业的利润以至我国FDI流入带来哪些方面的影响及影响的程度。     

被投资国汇率对吸收外商直接投资(FDI)的影响

依据外商投资动机把FDI划分为四个基本类型,借助净现值和资金循环原理将汇率水平和汇率预期对四类FDI的影响分别建模,结果表明,人民币汇率变化对FDI流入的影响与项目初始设备材料采购的市场区位密切相关;外商投资动机的不同组合决定着汇率预期对FDI流入的作用方向。在人民币升值预期背景下,外商对FDI会重点考虑市场导向,相对不愿意介入成本导向与出口导向。     

广西FDI的碳排放效应分析

经济全球化进程中,外资的流入不仅促进了经济的发展,还对碳排放产生了一定的影响。本文以VAR模型为基础,选取1995-2016年的时间序列数据分析广西FDI与碳排放之间的关系。进行协整检验、格兰杰因果检验和脉冲响应分析后,发现广西FDI和碳排放之间呈负相关关系,且存在着显著的长期均衡关系,但广西FDI不是碳排放的格兰杰原因。同时还发现,技术创新水平也对碳排放产生显著的影响,相比FDI,技术创新水平的提高更能有效地抑制碳排放的增加。     

Exchange rate management in Ukraine: Is there a case for more flexibility?

Since 2000 the Ukraine has followed a successful stabilization policy. Stabilizing the value of the hryvnia against the US dollar has been an important ingredient of this policy. However, the resulting unsterilized interventions fuel the domestic money supply and might lead to high levels of inflation later on. Therefore, some questioned the sustainability of the hryvnia peg. In a first step to more exchange rate flexibility, the Ukrainian monetary authorities implemented a one-shot revaluation of 5% against the dollar in April 2005. This paper estimates a small macro-economic model of the Ukrainian economy. Simulations of alternative exchange rate paths are undertaken and the resulting macro-economic adjustments compared to analyze the effects of different exchange rate strategies. These simulations suggest that in the current conditions allowing the exchange rate of the hryvnia to appreciate in an orderly manner might be a good alternative for a rigid peg to the dollar or irregular ad hoc exchange rate changes.     

人民币实际有效汇率的分解和马歇尔—勒纳条件的修正

马歇尔-勒纳条件是探讨货币贬值改善贸易收支的规律,本文根据人民币实际有效汇率的特点,把它分解为美元有效汇率和人民币对美元汇率之积形式,在此基础之上,本文重新考察货币贬值改善贸易收支的条件,对传统的马歇尔-勒纳条件进行修正。从我们研究中可以看出美元实际有效汇率变化对马歇尔-勒纳条件修正的重要作用,这包括美元有效汇率对人民币汇率弹性和人民币在美元有效汇率中的权重的两种影响。另一方面,即使人民币实际有效汇率贬值存在“J”曲线效应,人民币对美元实际汇率贬值,“J”曲线是否存在还要依赖一定的条件。本文实证研究结果显示出口（或进口）与人民币对美元实际汇率、美元实际有效汇率指数和外国收入（或国内收入）之间存在着显著的协整关系,美元实际有效汇率和人民币对美元实际汇率也存在显著的协整关系。从弹性的变化来看,修正的马歇尔-勒纳条件成立,同时人民币对美元实际汇率贬值有利于改善贸易收支,美元实际有效汇率贬值会恶化中国贸易收支。而对“J”曲线效应的实证研究显示无论是人民币实际有效汇率,还是人民币对美元实际汇率贬值和美元实际有效汇率贬值,我国“J”曲线效应均不显著。     

人民币汇率变动研究——基于人民币对美元和非美元货币汇率的分析

目前随着美元币值的变化,人民币对美元小幅贬值或升值,但人民币对非美元货币的贬值或升值则往往相反,这种变化使得我们对人民币币值的变化难以把握.本文研究人民币对美元和非美元汇率变动,并在此基础上研究人民币有效汇率指数变化;根据人民币有效汇率指数,构建人民币核心汇率指数并分析其变动及意义.本文认为,人民币汇率目标主要侧重于人民币对美元汇率,而人民币对非美元货币汇率波动有更大的弹性,因此,如果央行以人民币有效汇率为目标,则能够确定每天人民币对美元汇率的中间价,真正建立人民币参考一篮子货币的汇率目标.     

日元升值对人民币汇率改革的启示

人民币目前的状况与1985年的日元很相像,长时期高速发展的经济、持续对美国的贸易顺差、快速累积的高额美元储备、美国的双赤字恶化、美元持续走低的压力、相似的低利率、来自美国的外部压力、货币的持续升值等。因此,有必要研究日元升值的背景和影响,对人民币汇率改革提供借鉴和启示。     

The transmission of US economic policy uncertainty shocks to Asian and global financial markets

This paper proposes a novel approach to investigating the spillover effects of US economic policy uncertainty shocks on the global financial markets. Employing a factor-augmented vector autoregression (FAVAR), we model US economic policy uncertainty jointly with the latent factors extracted from equity prices, exchange rates, and commodity prices. We find that US economic policy uncertainty affects these factors significantly. A country-level analysis shows heterogeneous responses to an increase in US economic policy uncertainty. With regard to equities, US economic policy uncertainty adversely affects equity prices. However, its impact on the Chinese equity market is relatively small. As for foreign exchange markets, while many currencies depreciate in response to an increase in US economic policy uncertainty, the US dollar and the Japanese yen appreciate, reflecting their safe-haven status. The Chinese yuan, whose nominal exchange rate is closely linked to the US dollar, also appreciates in response to uncertainty shocks.     

Mexico versus Canada: Stability benefits from making common currency with USD?

This paper explores the potential stability benefits from monetary union by examining volatility of PPP–GDP per capita and per hour under various de facto exchange rate regimes. It finds that, for Mexico unlike Canada, volatility is much greater during periods when the nominal dollar exchange rate changes appreciably than when it is quasi-pegged. Since Mexico is not in a position to run a credible peg, it must seek greater stability through dollarization. This finding suggests that the stability benefits of monetary union are greatest for emerging-market countries inside an economically integrating region and non-existent for financially highly advanced countries.     

The Value Relevance of Accounting Information during a Financial Crisis: Thailand and the 1997 Decline in the Value of the Baht

This study addresses whether the financial turmoil surrounding the devaluation of the baht affected the value relevance of Thai accounting information. Our results suggest a decline in the value relevance of Thai book values and earnings following the devaluation. Prior to mid 1997 the Bank of Thailand pegged the value of the baht to a basket of currencies of which 80% was weighted to the US dollar. In response to pressure by currency speculators the bank abandoned its peg on July 2 1997 in favor of a managed float. The devaluation was followed by volatile exchange rates. The change in value relevance of accounting information after the devaluation may be attributable to the initial recognition of foreign exchange losses and the subsequent recognition of foreign exchange gains as exchange rates fell and then recovered.     

Oil prices,stock returns,and exchange rates: Empirical evidence from China and the United States

Employing the diagonal BEKK model as well as the dynamic impulse response functions, this study investigates the time-varying trilateral relationships among real oil prices, exchange rate changes, and stock market returns in China and the U.S. from February 1991 to December 2015. We highlight several key observations: (i) oil prices respond positively and significantly to aggregate demand shocks; (ii) positive oil supply shocks adversely and significantly affect the Chinese stock market; (iii) oil price shocks persistently and significantly impact the trade-weighted US dollar index negatively; (iv) the US and China stock markets correlate positively just as the dollar index and the exchange rate does; (v) a significant parallel inverse relation exists between the US stock market and the dollar and between the China stock market and the exchange rate; and (vi) the Chinese stock market is more volatile and responsive to aggregate demand and oil price shocks than the US stock market in recent years.     

The impact of the shutdown policy on the asymmetric interdependence structure and risk transmission of cryptocurrency and China’s financial market

By taking Bitcoin, Litecoin, and China’s gold and RMB/US dollar exchange rate market as research objects, this paper apply the MF-ADCCA and time-delayed DCCA methods to study the impact of China’s mainland shutdown of cryptocurrencies trading on the non-linear interdependent structure and risk transmission of cryptocurrencies and its financial market. Empirical results show that the cross-correlation between cryptocurrencies and China’s financial market has a long memory and asymmetric multifractal characteristics. After the shutdown, the long memory between cryptocurrencies and Chinese gold has weakened, and the long memory between cryptocurrencies and the RMB/US dollar exchange rate market was strengthened. China’s shutdown policy has a certain risk prevention effect. Specifically, after the implementation of the policy, the risk transmission of cryptocurrencies to China’s financial market has weakened, but the influence of China’s financial market has gradually strengthened.     

实际有效汇率与产业结构调整:基于广东省数据的实证分析

本文采用IMF提供的1990-2009年人民币对美元实际汇率数据,在VAR模型的框架下对实际有效汇率对广东省产业结构的影响进行实证分析。结果表明,在汇率升值的背景下,各个变量之间并不存在长期稳定关系,这就意味着从长期来看,实际汇率变动对广东产业结构调整的影响并不明显,基于广东省经济较强的外源性,我们认为实际有效汇率渐近升值的冲击并不能自动有效地引发产业结构的调整,产业结构的调整仍有赖于政府的政策主导作用。