1851，伦敦的光芒

在1851年的那个清晨,当伦敦的阳光透过穹形玻璃洒进水晶宫时,它的历史使命其实早已圆满完成。     

云贵高原近代手工业研究(1851-1938)

正云贵高原近代手工业的兴起及其变动是特殊的历史和地理环境共同作用的结果。从产棉甚少却需大量棉料的云贵特殊经济地理,以及洋纱与织布相互结合作为近代手工业的兴起来看,云贵近代手工业正是在工业化和资本主义世界市场,以及云南种上鸦片以之支付做衣穿的棉布黔省出产只有烟土可供输出,以资抵偿棉布等生活所需的合力作用下,才得以在两广等客商改贩洋纱入黔以易鸦片的双向贸易中得以兴     

云贵高原近代手工业研究(1851-1938)北大核心CSSCISSCI

云贵高原近代手工业的兴起及其变动是特殊的历史和地理环境共同作用的结果。从产棉甚少却需大量棉料的云贵特殊经济地理,以及洋纱与织布相互结合作为近代手工业的兴起来看,云贵近代手工业正是在工业化和资本主义世界市场,     

PEOPLING THE VICTORIAN GOLDFIELDS: FROM BOOM TO BUST, 1851–1901

Victoria experienced a surge of migration after the discovery of gold in 1851. I explore the social and geographic background of migrants lured to the colony by opportunities opened up by gold mining. When alluvial gold was exhausted, the skills of migrants enabled them to exploit the more difficult deep lead and quartz reef gold deposits and to establish cities and towns. Urban growth was encouraged by high marriage and birth rates in the 1860s. In the last two decades of the nineteenth century goldfields communities generally suffered economic and demographic declines.     

晚清外债浅析——晚清初始阶段(1851～1893)

1851年至1893年是晚清外债的初始阶段。这一阶段的外债主要有为镇压农民起义举借的外债、西征借款、中法战争借款等。这些外债基本上是地方政府为军政需要出面举借的地方外债,数量少,利息高,并且几乎都与关税有关,此时清政府对举借外债持谨慎甚至反对的态度。这一时期的外债既有积极性,也有消极性。     

The ‘Visible Hand’ of the ECB’s first quantitative easing

Quantitative easing à la ECB has produced significant impact on long-term nominal rates through ex ante channels, such as signalling channels, term duration channels, and risk premia channels, well before it materially started. Ex post difference-in-differences estimation suggests a significant impact on long-term government bond yields, while the impact of the ECB’s first QE on the key inflation rate is very weak. The term duration channel may also lead to a lengthening of the average maturity of government debts, with possible implications for fiscal policy. The ECB’s determination to buy government bonds in a fragmented market with a low net supply is also producing an ex post impact, i.e. during the actual asset purchases. High rates volatility suggests that this impact is less on nominal rates and more on financial plumbing. As the effects of scarce supply in collateral markets are felt, repo rates remain well below zero. Low supply and limited re-usability of high quality collateral, capped by regulatory requirements, is an additional constraint on market liquidity and compresses dealers’ balance sheets. By keeping a depressed yield curve and asset prices high, QE is also accelerating the consolidation of both traditional and capital-market based (dealer) bank business models, raising questions about implications for global collateral flows and deposit-like funding channels.     

FDI in China Soared in First Five Months

Foreign direct investment(FDI)in China soared by 48.15 percent year-on-year to 23.271 billion US dollars in the first fivemonths this year,according to the latest statistics from the Ministry of Commerce(MOC).     

Economic fluctuations in Sweden in 1919–1921

Abstract

In August and September 1918 the military successes of the Western Powers had a marked effect on the foreign exchange market in Stockholm and conditions subsequently remained unstable, reflecting the fluctuations in the political outlook. Even the Reichsmark rate showed some improvement at first, though this was shortlived and rapidly changed to a steady decline. The dollar and pound rates on the other hand experienced a rise of a more extensive and lasting character. In August the average rate for the dollar was 2.82 and by November it had reached 3.57. The dollar rate averaged 3.96 in 1919, 4.92 in 1920 and 4.46 in 1921. The average figures for: the pound were 13.40 in August 1918 and 16.90 in November, 17.45 for the year 1919, 17.93 for 1920 and 17.12 for 1921.²     

Multidimensional poverty in South Africa in 2001–16

This study uses the Census 2001 and 2011 as well as Community Survey 2007 and 2016 data to derive a multidimensional poverty index in South Africa for each year, before assessing the changes in non-money-metric, multidimensional poverty over time. Both the incidence and intensity of multidimensional poverty decreased continuously, and these declines were more rapid than that of money-metric poverty. The decrease in multidimensional poverty between 2001 and 2016 was most rapid for female Africans residing in rural areas in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu–Natal provinces. Multidimensional poverty was most serious in numerous district councils in these two provinces, despite the fact that poverty decline was also most rapid in these district councils. The results of the multidimensional poverty index decomposition indicated that Africans contributed more than 95% to multidimensional poverty, while unemployment, years of schooling and disability were the three indicators contributing most to poverty.     

Wealth transfer in management buyout： Cases in China

This paper studies the dividend effect of Management Buyout （MBO） companies in China. Because of the dual-ownership of MBO companies, it is expected that there will be wealth transfer through dividend payout after MBO. The abnormal rate of return is employed to confirm that the high dividend level will generate negative effect on stock price. Furthermore, the dividend per earning is applied to verify that some MBO companies increase the dividend level after MBO transaction to transfer wealth from public shareholders to the private shareholders.     

Development of interbudgetary relations in Russia in 2000–2015

The system of interbudgetary relations in Russia has been analyzed. The evolution of the Russian policy of fiscal federalism in 2000–2015 and the imperfection of tools of this policy have been considered based on official records. Changes in the rules of redistribution of budgetary resources at the regional level are proposed. In our opinion, these changes should stimulate regions in order to increase their budget revenues. Calculations that show the budgetary effects of the proposed approach have been presented.     

Changes in food consumption in Iceland, 1770–1940

Abstract

The history of food consumption in Iceland differs in many fundamental ways from that in the rest of Europe. The prominence of domestically produced dairy products, fish, meat and suet, and the insignificance of cereals until the nineteenth century, are among the most unusual features. This paper presents the first attempt to estimate total food consumption in Iceland on the basis of food supply data, covering the period 1770–1940. The data, derived from trade statistics, production statistics and the author’s current study of Iceland’s GNp, provides information on the level of consumption, on the composition and the nutritional value of the diet, and on the changing patterns of consumption. In general terms, this can be described as a transition from an animal-based to a more grain-based diet. A short discussion on the causes of dietary change, and its effects on the nutrional status of Icelanders and on population growth, concludes the paper.     

Identities Found in Uniqueness：Two Financial Centers in China

Hong Kong and Shanghai have long been known as two financial centers in China.Both are themain channels of capital flows between China and theworld.Both are situated in the delta regions of China:one being in the vicinity of the Pearl River and the otherin the Yangtse River.Are they twins?Will a replace-     

Trends in worker displacement penalties in Japan: 1991–2005

We examine the period from 1991 to 2005 to document the effects of a changing Japanese labor market on the consequences of job change for workers, focusing on the change in the wages between initial and subsequent employment. During this period, job changes caused by separations from the initial job that were involuntary from the workers point of view increased and the wage losses from job change grew. As well, while age-earnings profiles for continuously employed career workers remained the same in 1993 and 2003, the age-earnings profiles of newly hired workers grew flatter during the period. Hence, an erosion in the earnings of newly hired workers relative to incumbent workers occurred and the effect was to increase the job change wage losses for older workers. Thus, while the losses from changing jobs grew in general, they also grew more age-related over the sample period.     

An experiment in low‐input maize production in KwaZulu∗

The experiment aims to establish the minimum inputs needed to achieve each of three predetermined target yields for dryland maize grain production in the Nhlangwinl ward of KwaZulu in southern Natal. Three farming systems were identified and assigned target yields based on the objectives of the farmers concerned, and an interaction trial was planted to establish optimal fertilization under a variety of cultural practices (weed control, pest control, plant population). The first year's data show that without weed control, yields were consistently below 0,5 t ha^?1 even at moderate fertility levels. Although cutworm control significantly increased seedling survival rate, this was not reflected in the yield. Responses to low levels of fertilization were absent, and it was only at moderate input levels that significant crop yield responses were measured. For the subsistence farming system (where the aim is to feed the family) a yield target of

1 t ha ^?1 was set, which was nearly achieved using weed control, cutworm and stalk‐borer control, and no fertilizer. A return of 42c to 58c per hour of labour expended was achieved. A yield target of 4 t ha ^?1 set for the commercial farming system was not achieved by any of the treatments. For the semi‐commercial farming system (where a small quantity of produce is sold, over and above family requirements) a yield target of

2 t ha ^?1was set. This was achieved using weed control, cutworm, and stalkborer con trol, and a fertilization level of 250 kg ha ^?1 2:3:2(22) (0,5% Zn) and a topdressing of 100 kg ha ^?1 of limestone ammonium nitrate (28% N). A return of 79c to 83c per hour of labour expended was achieved. Further trials will show whether these yield levels occur consistently in the long term.     

What Do Changes in Corporate Ownership in Indonesia Tell Us?

This article documents the pattern of corporate ownership in Indonesia before and after the 1997–98 Asian financial crisis. We draw on an original dataset that identifies ultimate owners of the country’s 200 largest publicly listed corporations in 1996 and 2008, and supplement these data with additional information about unlisted firms. Corporate ownership and business–government relations in this period exhibited continuities as well as notable changes. Although family ownership remained the most prevalent form of ownership, there was considerable churning in the identities of the most powerful family owners. Listed state-owned corporations were more prominent after the crisis than before it, and foreign governments (particularly Singapore and Malaysia) substantially increased their ownership stakes in many of Indonesia’s largest corporations.