我国高职校企合作的分析与研究

本文将校企合作方式归纳为以下三种:人脉式、行政协调式与契约式,具体实施模式有导师制、订单班与校企共建三种。总结了校企合作的成功经验:合作方式上呈现多样化的特点,实施模式上采用"局部突破、深入推进";课程体系上,注重系统化建设,注重体现职业能力;管理上,注重规范管理,实现三方共赢。     

The influence of relational experience and contractual governance on the negotiation strategy in buyer–supplier disputes

This paper theoretically refines and empirically extends the debate on the type of interplay between relational experience and contractual governance in an under-researched area: supply chain disputes. We define relational experience as either cooperative or competitive; distinguish between control and coordination functions of contractual governance; and assess their interplay on the negotiation strategy used in disputes. Using a unique data set of buyer–supplier disputes, we find, in particular that increasing contractual control governance weakens the positive effect of cooperative relational experience on cooperative negotiation strategy. However, increasing contractual control governance for a buyer–supplier dyad with competitive relational experience will increase cooperative negotiation strategy. Contractual coordination governance reinforces the positive effect of cooperative relational experience. Through this study, we reach a better understanding of how and when contractual and relational governance dimensions interact; rather than whether they act as substitutes or complements as has been studied in prior research. We discuss the implications of these findings for the field of supply chain management.     

平台企业网约工心理契约的潜在类别与群体差异

为探讨平台企业与网约工之间的关系属性,基于心理契约理论及相关研究,开发了互联网平台企业网约工心理契约的结构化问卷。以网约车司机和网约配送员为调研对象,在15个城市获取367个样本数据,采用潜在类别分析技术(LCA)对平台企业网约工心理契约的潜在类型进行细分,分析平台企业网约工的心理契约差异。结果发现,网约工心理契约分为3种类型:低期望型、高期望型和随机期望型。3种心理契约类型在文化程度、工作类型、工作平台和工作感受4个指标上存在统计学上的显著差异。研究建议:平台企业要关注网约工的心理诉求,根据网约工的心理契约类型采取多元化雇佣模式;网约工要认识到网约工作的风险,做好经济契约和心理契约管理;政府部门要督促平台企业履行雇主责任与社会责任,保障网约工的基本劳动权益。     

Two-period supply chain coordination strategies with ambidextrous sustainable innovations

This study considers a manufacturer with ambidextrous sustainable innovation capability selling products in environmentally conscious market through an independent retailer in a two-period game setting. We design a two-period game theoretic and dyadic supply chain (SC) model considering exploitative and exploratory nature of environmental innovations. We study five different contract types, namely, wholesale price contract, vertical Nash game structure, cost sharing contract, revenue sharing contract and two-part tariff contract. We demonstrate the impact of market sensitivity towards sustainable innovation and cost parameters on optimal level of decision parameters. The equilibrium results reveal that a suitably designed two-part tariff contract can be used to achieve coordination in a fragmented SC. The equilibrium results assist managers to optimise the SC based on the two-period contract model. The results obtained in this study can help the decision-makers to take decisions on investment in the ambidextrous sustainable innovation under different types of contract structures.     

分散协调型VMI&TPL供应链的协调研究

文章研究了TPL参与VMI运作时,供应商拥有库存决策权而把物流业务外包给TPL负责的分散协调型VMI&TPL供应链的协调问题。在随机需求下,设计了一种联合应用收益共享和批发价格契约并由各成员共担库存风险的联合契约,并进一步给出了基于不对称Nash协商的协调模型来确定契约参数,保证了各成员期望收益的Pareto改进。     

Pattern of information technology use: The impact on buyer–suppler coordination and performance

The use of information technologies between supply chain organizations has been shown to promote organizational coordination and have a positive impact on performance. Drawing from organizational theories of learning, we build on this research by proposing a model that relates the pattern of supplier use of IT to specific types of supply chain coordination activities and a comprehensive set of organizational benefits. Specifically, we evaluate how two patterns of IT use by suppliers (exploitation and exploration) relate to two specific types of coordination activities with their buyers (operational and strategic coordination), which in turn are posited to promote specific organizational benefits. Using data from 241 first-tier OEM suppliers in the computer industry, our findings show that each pattern of IT use directly promotes a specific type of coordination activity. Although both types of coordination activities are needed to achieve both strategic and operational benefits, we find each coordination activity to be uniquely promoted by a specific pattern of IT use. IT use for exploitation is found to be an antecedent to operational coordination; IT use for exploration is found to be an antecedent to strategic coordination. No crossover between pattern of use and coordination activities is found. Our findings show that to achieve a complete set of benefits, suppliers must ultimately use IT for both exploration and exploitation. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the mechanism of how the pattern of IT use can result in a comprehensive set of organizational benefits for supplier firms.     

自始不能履行合同有效与民法规范体系之间的协调

我国合同法确认了自始不能履行合同有效,此立法与国际通行做法一致,其法理的正当性应得到肯定。但是,自始不能履行合同有效在我国民法的现行体系下,存在与《民法通则》的法律行为、《合同法》51条的协调问题。本文从解释学与法律适用的角度,对自始不能履行合同有效与民法体系的协调进行梳理,期待该问题的进一步深入研究。     

Understanding how heterogeneous agents affect Principal's returns: Perspectives from short-termism and Bayesian learning

We consider a general framework of optimal contract design under the heterogeneity and short-termism of agents. Our research shows that the optimal contract must weigh the agent's information rent, incentive cost, and benefit to overcome the contract's adverse selection and moral hazards. Agents with higher moral levels were more likely to choose higher effort and lower manipulation. Simultaneously, the principal offers lower incentives and receives more significant payoff. We also extend our model to investigate the benefits of Bayesian learning. Furthermore, we compare the principal's returns in general and learning models and find that the learning contract can bring more profit to the principal.     

现代学徒制中企业与学徒的心理契约的关系建构

论文以心理契约理论为研究视角,分析了现代学徒制中企业与学徒的心理契约关系的建构过程,并从基于心理契约开展招生宣传、岗位学习管理、薪酬管理、绩效评价、职业生涯管理和基于师徒良好关系巩固心理契约等方面提出建构心理契约关系的路径建议。     

劳动合同服务期之探讨

劳动合同服务期不同于一般的劳动合同期限,两者在适用前提以及违约后果等方面都存在一定区别。服务期规定的出台体现了《劳动合同法》平衡劳动关系双方当事人权利义务的立法理念,适应了不同人群的需要,但服务期条款也存在规定不甚具体、内容不甚明确的缺陷,因而需对其作进一步探讨,厘清相关问题,以发挥服务期条款的应有作用。     

Contract Formalization and Governance of Exporter–Importer Relationships

abstract    Exporting relationships between manufacturers and foreign importers pose unique coordination problems because, on the one hand, transactions are recurrent and both firms make non-trivial relationship-specific investments, but at the same time, the exchange partners maintain separate legal entities with individual profit claims. This study examines the role of contracts as a governance mechanism in these relationships that are neither market-based discrete transactions, nor can be governed through ownership-based hierarchies. Drawing upon recent research on contract law and interorganizational relationships, we develop and empirically test a model that incorporates both the antecedents and performance implications of the nature of contract governing exporter–importer relationships.     

Heuristics,learning and the business angel investment decision-making process

ABSTRACT

This paper extends the literature on the investment decision-making of business angels.

Using insights from the emerging body of research on entrepreneurial learning processes, particularly the use of heuristics and the nature of learning from meagre experience, we explore whether angels learn from experience, how they learn and what they learn. These issues are addressed using verbal protocol analysis, a methodology for examining decision-making in real time, with three groups of business angels with differing levels of investment experience, and with follow-up debriefing interviews with these angels. This reveals some differences in the speed of decision making and the emphasis given to various investment criteria. There is some evidence for the use of heuristics in the decision making process, and for the critical role played by vicarious learning from the experience of others. Learning in the individual angel decision making process is a social as well as an individual phenomenon.     

The dynamics of contractual and relational governance: Evidence from long-term public–private procurement arrangements

This paper investigates the detail and dynamics of how contractual and relational governance mechanisms are deployed in managing complex, long-term public–private supply arrangements. Using empirical data from two UK Private Finance Initiative (PFI) cases, the paper analyses the interplay of governance mechanisms along a timeline of project phases. Conceptual and practical findings confirm that relational and contractual mechanisms are indeed complementary forms of exchange governance but also that the relational intentions of all parties frame whether the contract is interpreted as a written sign of distrust or commitment. Equally, relational and contractual governance follow different development paths: both follow cumulative trajectories but (a) inter-personal relational mechanisms are more incremental and fragile, whereas (b) contractual mechanisms move with fewer degrees of freedom and ‘anchor’ the exchange throughout the life cycle. Finally, the different development characteristics of relational and contractual mechanisms mean that their dynamic interplay does not follow consistent patterns. The paper concludes with suggestions for more longitudinal studies.     

Family businesses and non-family equity: literature review and avenues for future research

Family firms commonly prefer internal funding and retention of control. Under certain circumstances, however, equity investments from outside the family can be a relevant alternative source of capital. To facilitate further knowledge about the interaction of family-owned businesses and external equity investors, the present work reviews 42 studies and suggests possible directions for future research. Results reveal that extant studies focus mainly on five key areas—corporate finance, contract design and collaboration, succession and exit route, strategy and performance, and corporate governance. Moreover, the paper discusses various gaps in the extant work and presents three opportunities for future research in a detailed manner. These include a comparison of different types of investors in the context of family-owned businesses, an investigation of minority investor exits from family firms, and an analysis of the impact of investors on family firm boards. All in all, the findings can guide the future development of this emerging field of research and have implications for theory and practice.     

非缺陷退货情形下的供应链协调

非缺陷退货指的是没有功能或质量上的缺陷却被客户退给零售商的产品.非缺陷退货造成的成本相当惊人,且主要由生产商承担,然而,减少非缺陷退货则主要靠零售商的努力和投入.本文研究了怎样通过供应链协调来减少非缺陷退货.本文介绍国外学者提出的一种“目标补偿”合同,即当非缺陷退货量低于某一特定目标值时,生产商将对低于目标值的每单位非缺陷退货量支付一定的补偿金.这种合同能有效地激励零售商加大努力来降低非缺陷退货,从而提高整条供应链的期望利润,研究表明,该合同在大多数情形下是Pareto改进的,在某些情形下对生产商和零售商都有利.     

Co-development ventures: Optimal time of entry and profit-sharing

We find the optimal time for entering a joint venture by two firms, and the optimal linear contract for sharing the profits. We consider risk-sharing, timing-incentive and asymmetric decisions contract designs. If the firms are risk-neutral and the cash payments are allowed, all three designs are equivalent. With risk aversion, the optimal contract parameters may vary significantly across the three designs and across varying levels of risk aversion. We also analyze a dataset of joint biomedical ventures, in which, in agreement with our theoretical predictions, both royalty and cash payments are mostly increasing in the smaller firm's experience, and the time of entry happens sooner for more experienced small firms.     

Inter‐Team Coordination Patterns and Outcomes in Multi‐Team Projects

We examine what kinds of patterns of mechanisms can be applied in the coordination of several inter‐related project teams. We identify three distinct coordination schemes; namely: centralized coordination, decentralized coordination, and balanced coordination. In addition, we compare individuals' perceptions on communication, coordination effectiveness, project efficiency, learning, task analyzability, and task uncertainty between the three identified coordination schemes. The results of our study extend to both theoretical and practical understanding of coordination in multi‐team projects and its relation to communication, coordination effectiveness, project performance, and learning.     

How Adult Attachment Styles Relate to Perceived Psychological Contract Breach and Affective Organizational Commitment

The current study examines the relationship between adult attachment style and both perceived psychological contract breach and affective organizational commitment in a sample of college students with employment experience. Attachment style is argued to be an individual difference factor that affects how an individual perceives organizational events based on theory and existing empirical research related to adult attachment style. Individuals with insecure attachment styles were predicted to perceive more psychological contract breach and have lower levels of affective organizational commitment. The results reveal that individuals with higher levels of preoccupied and dismissive attachment styles perceived higher levels of psychological contract breach, and preoccupied attachment style significantly and negatively relates to affective organizational commitment. The relationship between attachment style and psychological contract dimensions was stronger for relational than transactional contract dimensions. Evidence is also found that perceived psychological contract breach mediates the relationship between preoccupied attachment style and affective commitment. Future potential research directions are described. The implications of these findings for managerial practice is discussed.     

一种逆向物流Stackelberg博弈下的库存契约研究

供应链中的库存协调是供应链管理的一项重要工作，而如何针对不同的供应链设计有效而合理的契约是其中的关键。本文分析研究了由一个供应商和一个生产商组成的供应链在集成条件下和分散条件下的最优库存，并研究了stackelberg主从博弈下如何通过设计契约使供应链库存达到最优。