Change in Volatility in the Won/U.S. Dollar Daily Exchange Rate:Stochastic Volatility Model

This study estimates the changes in volatility of the won/U.S. dollar dailyexchange rates before and after the Korean currency crisis, using the stochastic volatility model with the ARMAregression error term. We find that the persistence of volatility increased after the Koreancurrency crisis.     

美国银行业账户管理费实证研究

本文分析美国不同规模银行账户管理费的定价差异和规律,在基于统计数据的基础上发现:对于支票账户,大银行、小银行支票账户余额要求与账户管理费水平之间呈正相关关系,大银行采取的是低起点、高余额、高账户管理费的定价策略,而小银行采取的是高起点、低余额、低账户管理费的定价策略;对于储蓄账户,大银行储蓄账户开户起点与账户管理费、资产规模之间呈正相关关系,而小银行呈负相关关系,大银行采取的是低起点、低利率、高余额、低账户管理费定价策略,小银行采取的是高起点、高利率、低余额、高账户管理费定价策略.美国银行业账户管理费的做法对我国银行业的经营实践具有一定的借鉴意义.     

Measuring the distribution of material well-being: U.S. trends

Economists with a few exceptions have automatically assumed that the important measure of well-being is income. In contrast, economic historians have broadened the measure of well-being with particular interest in mortality, morbidity, nutrition, education and leisure. When one takes this broader view of the standard of living, there appears to be a strong trend toward more equality in the distribution of well-being since the industrial revolution.Gini coefficients calculated for the distributions of lifespan and educational attainment have declined dramatically since the mid-nineteenth century for the United States. Mortality and educational differentials have also declined. Inequality of leisure time and consumption, though not as consistently measured, also show trends toward equality over the twentieth century.These trends toward equality in well-being as measured by indicators other than income and wealth seem to be generated by provision of public goods, natural boundaries to lifespan, educational attainment and leisure, and by the growth in mean per capita income. The divergent trends in the distributions of income and the other measures of well-being caution against reliance on the distribution of income to interpret trends in inequality.     

美国金融危机对中国商业银行竞争力的影响研究

利用《银行家》杂志提供的2006～2009年全球前1000家银行的财务指标数据,运用改进的蛛网模型分析国内外具有代表性的商业银行竞争力,研究显示2007～2008年,中国商业银行受到美国金融危机的负面影响要小,整体竞争力在此期间要高于国际大银行;在金融危机影响逐渐消退的2009年,中国商业银行竞争力相对于国际大银行有明显的下降,经营稳定性也远不如国际大银行。因此,中国商业银行应继续提升盈利能力和经营稳定性,增强自身的抗风险能力。     

美国乔治敦大学访问观察与启示(一)——师资管理

本文介绍了美国乔治顿大学师资管理制度,并总结出其三大特点,借以提出我们在学习和借鉴国外先进经验的同时,应从我国高校师资队伍建设的实际情况出发,不断改进和完善现行的政策措施,为建设高素质的教师队伍而做出努力。     

美国证券欺诈起诉标准的新发展——以Matrixx v.Siracusano案为中心

2011年3月美国联邦最高法院审结的Matrixx案,明确了原告提起私人证券欺诈之诉时应满足的"重大性"和"故意"两个起诉标准之具体含义。最高法院拒绝在"重大性"问题上适用黑白分明的判断标准,坚持从"是否有实质性可能性使一个理性的投资者认为被遗漏信息的披露将显著改变现有信息的全局"角度来判断某一信息是否重大。Matrixx案判决将进一步加强上市公司的披露义务,并在一定程度上为原告提起证券欺诈之诉提供便利。     

Degree of Multinationality and Financial Performance: A Study of U.S.-Based Multinational Corporations

This paper examines the marginal benefits that accrue to U.S.-based multinational corporations through increased international investment. Specifically, the study seeks to determine if increased degrees of multinationality produce additional benefits for multinational firms in terms of excess returns and/or reduced risk. The results indicate that during the period studied, the degree of multinationality did not have a significant influence on the risk and return performance of the sample firms. Thus, the study supports the findings of Qian (1996) and Siegel et al. (1995, 1995A) who report that the advantages enjoyed by multinational corporations may be going away.     

美国投资银行危机及其转型剖析

本文通过分析美国投资银行经营模式的缺陷,找出2008年美国投资银行危机及其转型的深刻原因。分析结果显示,融资模式的缺陷、过度依赖高风险业务是美国投资银行危机的内因,而外部监管漏洞放任了投资银行的经营管理,是投资银行危机的重要外因。投资银行危机促使美国主要独立投资银行转型为全能银行经营模式,这是美国银行业发展一个重要的转折点。但危机仅仅是投资银行转型的诱因,全能银行经营模式的相对优势是美国独立投资银行转型的根本原因。     

美国近百年来的对外负债

相当长时期以来,美国的巨额外债问题广为国内外所关注。本文考察1914年至今近百年来美国对外负债总体发展状况的阶段性演变,分析其构成的基本特征与成因,剖析上世纪80年代以来美国在巨额外债下保持强劲偿付能力的基础所在,并结合历史经验与当前现实简要讨论美国巨额外债的相关问题。这对于我们深入理解和研究美国外债及相关问题具有参考价值。     

美国联邦政府财务报告编制与审计研究

上世纪90年代开始的美国联邦政府财务报告编制与审计改革是联邦政府加强财务管理的一项重要内容。经过多次改革,形成了以权责发生制为主要会计计量基础的联邦政府财务报告体系,和以审计署的外部审计与监察长办公室的内部审计相结合的联邦政府财务报告审计模式。当前这种财务报告体系与审计模式仍处于发展与完善过程中,需不断改进财务信息质量和强化审计的作用。     

美国金融体系的利率风险分析——以次贷危机的引发和扩散为例

本文通过实证方法探讨次贷危机引发和扩散中的利率风险问题。主要结论是:从长期利率角度看,对房市的"松"货币政策从2001年降息一直持续到2005年6月;过低的长期利率会过度挤压金融机构放贷的长期收益,进而增大金融体系的利率风险。次贷危机的直接原因是,高利率、强美元导致的大量外资流入与混合调息抵押初始低利率相结合,共同推动了高风险次贷的发放;在高息和房价下跌条件下,大量混合调息抵押集中进入初次利率重置期,导致次贷违约状况的急速恶化。次贷危机扩散中,尽管联邦基金利率快速下降,但高风险的金融环境导致低利率对增加金融市场流动性的刺激作用失效。     

美国经常账户失衡:表现、理论与政策——兼驳伯南克“世界储蓄过剩”论

本文考察了美国经常账户失衡的发展过程,指出了其对手方的国别与地区结构特点,随后总结了对该现象的有关研究和解释。文章简述了伯南克世界储蓄过剩论,指出了该观点论证逻辑中的错误,然后分析了其理论分析框架——储蓄缺口模型与新古典增长模型对美国经常账户失衡解释的不适用。     

中国高额持有美国国债的风险与对策

美国国债曾是公认的最安全的投资品。2001年以来,中国持有的美国国债随外汇储备的快速增长而增加;美国国债规模也随美国"双赤字"的扩大而膨胀。美国的政治生态及美元的霸权特性使得美国的"双赤字"难于控制,美国国债的潜在风险日益显现。中国主要面临退出困难及债权资产实际价值可能大幅缩水的困扰。建议中国利用最大债主的地位制约美国以维护自身权益;同时控制外汇储备增量优化外汇储备结构以掌握风险控制的主动权。     

The Influence of U.S. GAAP on the Harmony of Accounting Measurement Policies of Large Companies in the U.K. and Australia

U.S. GAAP has increasingly become an influence on accounting practices in other countries, even aside from those traditionally considered under direct U.S. influence. The change arises from the large number of U.S. accounting standards, non-U.S. companies listing on U.S. stock exchanges, and the amount of U.S. direct investment abroad. As the impact of U.S. GAAP varies across countries, it may affect international accounting harmony. This idea is tested by examining the level of international harmony for eleven accounting measurement policies in matched pairs of large companies from Australia and the U.K., two countries with historically strong cultural and economic links. It is argued that, in recent decades, accounting practice in Australia, more so than in the U.K., has become increasingly U.S.-oriented. The concepts of harmony of Tay and Parker (1990) and Archer et al . (1996) are employed. International harmony is measured by the between-country C index and chi-square test; national harmony by van der Tas's (1988) H index. While considerable national harmony is found in the U.K. for seven and in Australia for five accounting policies, there is considerable or complete international harmony for only three policies. Evidence is presented of the influence of U.S. GAAP as one factor explaining the poor degree of U.K./Australia international harmony. Australian companies appear to follow U.S. GAAP to a greater extent than do U.K. companies. The state of partial harmony thus existing restricts international comparability of accounting reports and may cause problems for regulators.     

Asymmetric foreign exchange risk exposure: Evidence from U.S. multinational firms

This paper examines how U.S. multinational firms are affected by foreign currency movements. In light of detailed exchange rate data, we find that 29% of our sample of 935 U.S. firms with real operations in foreign countries is significantly affected by currency movements between 1990 and 2001. Results show moreover that U.S. stock returns react asymmetrically to currency movements. By introducing nonlinearity in foreign currency risk exposure, we noticeably increase the precision and the significance of exposure estimates. We demonstrate moreover that asymmetries are more pronounced towards large versus small currency fluctuations than over depreciation and appreciation cycles.     

Relevance of U.S.-GAAP for Japanese companies

We use differences in U.S.-GAAP and Japanese-GAAP accounting measures to evaluate the value-relevance of U.S.-GAAP reports. We show data provided in U.S.-GAAP financial statements of Japanese firms is value-relevant beyond that contained in domestic-GAAP statements. Our results complement extant research and support the proposition that U.S. reporting methods provide value-relevant data. Understanding the value-relevance of data from Japanese firms is important in its own right because of the major role these firms play in intenational markets. We also provide evidence on significant transnational firms that voluntarily provide U.S.-GAAP statements.     

Attribute differences between U.S. GAAP and IFRS earnings: An exploratory study

In this study we explore attribute differences between U.S. GAAP and IFRS earnings. Our study is motivated by the ongoing harmonization process in accounting standard setting as well as by recent convergence projects by the FASB and the IASB. We test two market-based earnings attributes, i.e., value relevance and timeliness, as well as two accounting-based earnings attributes, i.e., predictability and accrual quality. These attributes are tested for German New Market firms as they are allowed to choose between IFRS and U.S. GAAP for financial reporting purposes. Overall, we find that U.S. GAAP and IFRS only differ with regard to predictive ability. The fact that U.S. GAAP accounting information outperforms IFRS also holds after controlling for differences in firm characteristics, such as size, leverage and the audit firm. However, our results also seem to suggest that these differences are not fully valued by investors, as we do not observe significant and consistent differences for the value-relevance attribute.     

美国证券域外纠纷诉权新解

2010年6月美国联邦最高法院审结的莫里森案,是美国证券法发展史上的重要节点,代表了全球化背景下最大资本市场在处理涉外欺诈纠纷问题上的转向。以往的行为和影响标准被否定,交易标准得到强调,《证券交易法》第10(b)条的适用范围被限缩,存托凭证和国外基础证券受到区别对待。此后一年间,尽管不无争议,莫里森案判决和交易标准被下级法院广泛援引,并经受住了Dodd-Frank法案的考验。由此释放出的信号包括,美国有意愿加强公共执法和国际多边合作。     

美国的新贸易保护主义与我国必须应对的挑战

美国对中国的巨额贸易逆差主要是美国自身的产业结构问题造成的,并且美国实行限制对中国高技术转让的贸易政策,自己封闭了实现贸易平衡的渠道。在WTO机制下,美国一方面坐享贸易自由化的成果,另一方面又不愿其他国家也分得一杯羹;旨在推行世界贸易自由化的世贸组织,也对各国的贸易争端持务实的态度,承认贸易保护在双边和多边谈判中的重要作用,这是美国的新贸易保护主义盛行的本质原因。美国等西方国家的贸易保护政策严重损害了我国的贸易利益,我们必须妥善应对。     

美国金融危机的根源、影响及我国的对策分析

美国次级抵押贷款危机爆发的根源在于美国扭曲的经济增长方式及不平衡的经济结构.美国金融危机对美国经济产生了消极影响,并进一步蔓延到全球,从而对其他经济体产生影响,也对我国经济造成一定负面影响.因此,我国需要做出相应的调整,一方面避免经济的过快下滑;另一方面,也应适时调整经济结构,扩大内需,增加国内消费.