区位劣势、PPP项目社会资本参与和引资质量

借助中国独特的大样本PPP项目库,本文检验了区位劣势对社会资本参与PPP项目的影响及其可能的作用机制。实证结果表明：区位劣势地区的PPP项目中社会资本出资占比更多;这一现象可能与地方政府主要和国有企业（尤其是市县级国有企业）签约PPP项目以及“以地引资”的模式有关;区位劣势地区的这种引资模式并不具有持续性,因为这些地区的PPP项目更可能会迟迟不开工;进一步的调节效应检验结果表明,PPP市场透明度有效缓解了上述引资模式的负面影响。     

“一带一路”沿线国家PPP项目发起政府级别如何影响私人部门的投资额:“差序信任”还是“贴近市场”?北大核心CSSCI

本文针对"一带一路"建设中私人部门参与PPP项目积极性不足以及外界对高级别政府间沟通的质疑,结合1998-2017年45个沿线国家3371个PPP项目的数据,实证检验了PPP项目发起政府级别影响私人部门投资额的总体效应和中间机制。研究发现:第一,沿线国家PPP项目发起政府级别对私人部门投资额的影响遵循"差序信任"逻辑。第二,债务融资获得、股权融资获得和风险选择,均成为沿线国家PPP项目发起政府级别影响私人部门投资额的中间机制。第三,多边金融机构的支持、倾向于私人付费的PPP项目收益来源、PPP项目所在国的人均GDP和金融发展水平,也对沿线国家PPP项目中私人部门投资额有正向影响。最后,从中国"走出去"企业的"选址"、加强高层政策沟通、构建协同支持机制等方面提出了政策建议。     

浅谈社会资本投资PPP项目的风险把控

近些年来,政府在公共基础设施建设过程中,逐步调整思路,将部分民营资本以及私营企业作为融资对象,吸纳更多的社会资本用于基础设施建设与开发,形成PPP项目投资机制。文章以PPP项目作为研究对象,从多个层面出发,系统探讨社会资本风险把控的主要手段,构建风险防范与应对机制,旨在为后续投资活动的开展提供参考。     

辽宁政府与社会资本合作(PPP)风险防范研究

PPP项目在我国已出现了三四十年的历史,随着我国经济的发展,PPP项目也在如火如荼的进行,成功的案例也屡见不鲜。但是,相对于西方发达国家来说,我国的PPP项目还处于初级阶段,还有很长的一段路要走。在PPP项目发展过程中,我国也有一些失败的例子,本文通过失败的风险分析,提出了切实可行的防范措施,对PPP项目的进一步发展具有一定的指导意义。     

经济下行、PPP风险来源与机制设计

自金融危机之后,PPP模式在全球范围内遭到了广泛的质疑,曾经被视为发展公共基础设施建设重要手段的PPP模式沦为各国地方政府沉重的财政负担.为此,我们通过分析经济下行情境下PPP模式在欧盟国家的风险来源,研究了中国现行PPP模式机制设计中的风险识别与分配机制.结果 显示,现阶段物有所值定性评价、地方财政压力测算与风险分配框架受到地方政府强大内生性需求的影响,在经济下行情境中一部分潜在的风险就很容易被忽视:(1)物有所值定性评价结果高度一致,政府官员背景评审专家影响了最终评价结果;(2)地方财政承受能力论证测算以经济繁荣时期的财政增长率为基准,低估了经济下行情境中PPP项目财政支出对于财政预算的压力;(3)风险分配框架不合理,倾向于由政府与社会资本共同承担,将前期风险识别与谈判成本转嫁到了后期再协商阶段.上述发现有助于揭示我国PPP模式推广过程中的机制缺陷,为提高PPP项目抵御未来不确定性的能力,进一步规范中国PPP模式在公共基础设施领域中的应用提供了指引.     

当前PPP模式发展困境及对策研究

2014年我国出台了《国务院关于加强地方政府性债务管理的意见》,对地方政府借助PPP模式推动项目发展给予了明确支持,可以说PPP模式在我国有很大的发展前景.但现实中却出现了PPP项目签约率不高,“叫好不叫座”的局面.PPP模式推广困难主要存在四个方面原因:一是政府方面,PPP模式顶层设计不成熟;二是社会资本方面,参与PPP项目较为谨慎;三是银行方面,参与PPP项目热情不高;四是交易成本方面,信息不对称造成交易成本较高.基于此,提出了针对性政策建议,加快PPP模式发展.     

基于鲁宾斯坦博弈论的PPP项目风险分担及利益最大化研究

文章采用博弈论的基本思想,探讨了PPP项目的风险分担方法和模式,并以鲁宾斯坦博弈论为基础,计算出了模型的最优解。之后以江西省Z项目中政府和社会资本方风险分担实例为基础,计算了该项目中政府和社会资本方的风险划分方式。最后提出了实现PPP项目效益最大化的措施,即合理分配并细化PPP项目风险、开展PPP项目可行性研究、推动科技创新成果转化。旨在实现项目目标,提高项目绩效,为地方政府合理投资和合理防范隐性债务风险提供参考。     

我国PPP模式发展进程中的问题与对策

我国自引入PPP模式以来,经历了快速发展阶段和理性规范发展阶段。目前,我国PPP模式已在市政基础设施建设、文化卫生事业、区域综合开发等公共服务领域广泛应用。我国PPP模式的发展速度尽管较快,但这种模式毕竟起步晚,项目管理经验不足,在实践过程中仍然暴露出一些亟待解决的问题,如法治化程度较低、私人资本参与度低、项目吸引力不足、绩效考核评价体系不健全等。我国PPP模式进一步发展需要营造适宜的法治环境、强化PPP项目自身管理、完善绩效评价体系、培养PPP项目专业技术人才等。     

PPP模式的发展及其在湖北的应用

PPP模式作为一种高效率的政府与社会资本相结合的运作机制,在全球范围内得到日益广泛的应用。本文对具有典型意义的英国和加拿大PPP运作情况进行了考察分析,介绍了湖北省初步应用PPP的情况和特点,分析了湖北省运用PPP模式存在的主要困难与问题,提出了有针对性的政策建议。     

PPP模式中商业银行面临的风险及应对策略

PPP模式是我国政府为鼓励、引导社会投资,增强公共产品供给能力而新提倡的项目运作模式,此种模式也为商业银行业务发展带来新的机遇与挑战。本文以江西南昌首批PPP项目为例,分析商业银行在PPP模式下可能面临的政府信用不确定性、社会资本方信用不易约束、项目建设存在不可预知因素、市场与营运前景不明朗问题,从尽早介入融资磋商、固化政府承诺、落实项目社会资本方要求、掌握项目资金流、强化担保措施、保留自身主动权六个方面阐述商业银行可采取的风险应对措施。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.