略论家庭消费可支配闲暇时间的确定

在闲暇时间里,“人们主要从事业余的科学文化活动、体育以及各种娱乐和休息,使智力和体力得到恢复和发展”。〔1〕因此,在我国,随着居民消费领域扩大和消费层次的提高,闲暇时间的问题也就越来越受到了社会的普遍关注和高度重视。从社会经济发展的角度来说,消费可支配闲暇时间呈不断增加的趋势,但就各个家庭及其生命周期不同阶段而言,情况则往往要具体、复杂得多。为了实现消费满足程度最大化的目标,任何家庭都必须把可支配闲暇时间的确定作为一个重要课题加以研究,并善于从自身与环境实际情况出发合理选择和适时调整可支配闲暇时间的数量界…     

闲暇时间与消费增长——对中国数据的实证研究

新古典观点认为闲暇时间的增长会"挤出"产出,进而不利于宏观消费的增长,二者存在负向关系.针对于此,本文首先构造了包含闲暇时间的闲暇时间--消费函数,从静态角度分析了闲暇时间对居民消费的影响,进而在动态的预算约束下通过最优化模型证明了闲暇时间与消费增长间不但存在负向关系而且存在正向关系,取决于参数环境影响.之后,本文引用中国的实际数据检验了理论模型的命题,并发现中国的闲暇消费对宏观消费具有正向拉动作用,这说明中国的消费结构和消费质量正在得到改善,也说明中国在工业化进程中展现出一定后工业化倾向,本文对此进行了解释.     

American Consumption Patterns and the Price of Time: A Time-Series Analysis

National aggregate time series data on the components of Personal Consumption Expenditures from 1955 to 1984 were used to analyze the roles played by male and female wage rates in altering American consumption patterns. Male nonmarket time was found to be a substitute for all goods and services categories except Automobiles and Parts. Female nonmarket time was found to be a net complement of Automobiles and Parts, Furniture and Household Equipment, Other Durables, Gasoline and Oil, Electricity and Natural Gas, Other Household Operations, and Transportation Services and a net substitute for all other goods and services.     

Satiated Consumers: Allocation of Consumption Time in an Affluent Society

Based on Ian Steedman's seminal contribution ‘Consumption Takes Time’, we propose a formal activity‐based model for consumer behaviour. The model simultaneously incorporates choices over consumption time, as well as quantities and qualities of products consumed. We identify and examine preconditions for satiation with products and draw implications for economic policy. Satiation with products explains the limited effects of price or income changes on demand and questions the pertinence of economic growth for development. It further highlights the relevance of working time reductions for well‐being.     

小康社会建设进程中的休闲消费探讨

休闲消费是休闲需求得以实现的重要环节,具有综合性消费、最终性消费以及非基本消费等特点,可以持续拉动经济增长.理性的休闲消费在个人生理与心理、经济以及社会文化和环境等方面都将产生各种积极的效果,本文在上述分析的基础上提出了我国目前休闲消费中存在的主要问题及其对策.     

休闲消费:社会进步的驱动器

休闲消费在世界范围内的日益普及和推广,是社会进步、经济发展和人民生活水平不断提高的表现。研究和探讨休闲消费的产生条件、主要特征及其综合的经济文化效应,对于树立正确的休闲消费观念和推动社会经济文化的进一步发展,具有重要的现实意义。一、休闲消费的产生条件休闲消费作为人类生活消费的一个重要方面,受多种因素制约,人类社会的不同历史时期,由于具体情况不同,休闲消费的观念、方式、内容表现出较大的差异。事实证明,休闲消费的产生有其实现条件,主要包括以下几个方面:1.休闲消费产生的经济条件。在资本主义社会之前,存在少量的休…     

江苏省城镇居民休闲消费特征及其影响因素研究

休闲消费是城镇居民生活中不可或缺的一种消费方式,研究城镇居民的休闲消费状况对于引导居民提升休闲消费层次,进而提高生活质量有着十分重要的意义。文章通过问卷调查的方式采集江苏城镇居民休闲消费数据,分析其休闲消费特征及其影响因素。结果发现:(1)大学以上学历且尚无子女的青年是休闲消费相对集中的人群。(2)休闲消费层次仍显偏低,休闲消费类型多元化,但是消费结构尚不均衡。(3)城镇居民休闲消费受到个人和环境两个层面因素的影响。基于以上结论,文章提出了相应建议。     

消费和谐与和谐社会

"中消协"提出今年的主题是"消费和谐",要求在消费领域树立和谐消费理念,营造一个消费和谐的市场环境,这是有的放矢的、非常及时的和必要的.我感到这问题非常重要.党中央六中全会"关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定"中明确指出:"社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性,是国家富强,民族振兴、人民幸福的重要保证……,反映了建设富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家的内在要求.     

论休闲消费的特征、发展趋势与企业商机

随着人均收人水平的不断提高，休闲经济正在中国悄然兴起。这不仅将会成为高、中收人人群的一个新的消费热点，而且也将对国内产业结构升级与增加就业产生积极的作用。此外，了解休闲消费的主要特征，把握我国休闲消费的发展趋势，有助于企业创造消费时尚，抓住休闲消费的商机．开发潜在的休闲消费市场，本文的目的就在于此。     

农村居民和谐消费模式构建及实现途径

基于我国农村居民人口总量庞大、消费水平较低的现状,农村居民实现和谐消费对我国现代化进程的加快发展有着重要的时代意义,对我国构建和实现和谐社会有着重要的促进作用,是农村居民收入和消费增长的关键。通过对农村居民和谐消费模式的探讨,充分考虑到经济社会发展中消费者与企业、社会文化以及生态环境之间的协同发展的基础和目标,构建起新时期农村居民合理的、可持续的和谐消费模式,为我国经济加速发展和社会整体和谐提供一定的理论参考。     

Consumption Patterns Among the Young-Old and Old-Old

Data on 2,810 elderly households were drawn from the Bureau of Labor Statistics 1990 Consumer Expenditure Survey. Multivariate Tobit analysis was used to examine spending pattern differences between households with a reference person aged 65–74 (young-old) and households with a reference person aged 75 and older (old-old). Significant differences in spending were found for expenditures on food at home, food away from home, alcohol and tobacco, housing, apparel and apparel services, transportation, bealthcare, bentertainment, personal care, and personal insurance. The impact of socio-demographic factors on expenditures by either age group was not uniform.     

论感性消费时代--商品包装设计的色彩营销策略

进入感性消费时代，人们的消费已从过去单纯追求实用，到既注重实用但更追求心理愉悦。心理营销越来越引起具有战略眼光的企业家关注。国内企业如果巧妙运用色彩的心理功能，设计精美的商品包装去赢得顾客，赢得竞争，对于企业发展有着重要的意义。为此，要合理利用色彩的印象功能、把握好色彩的联想效应、依据色彩的商品性，运用色彩的多元性、尊重色彩的民族性、关注色彩的流行性，这是当前进行商品色彩包装设计的有效营销策略。     

Employment Patterns in Contemporary Retailing: Gender and Work in Five Supermarkets

This article examines trends in patterns of employment within contemporary retailing. It focuses upon five supermarkets in the Lancaster area. In each store the proportion of part-timers had increased during the 1980s and in four cases it stood at over 70 per cent in 1990. However, there were marked differences in the proportions of female full-time and part-time employees who were married. Management reported similar perceptions of the relative advantages and disadvantages of employing married women within their stores. These belief systems coexisted with radically divergent recruitment strategies by these managements. These variations were embedded within typical recruitment strategies in each of the firms examined.     

女大学生闲暇消费心理与行为研究——以山东大学威海分校为例

以山东大学威海分校本科女大学生为研究对象,运用问卷调查和个案访谈的方法研究女大学生闲暇消费心理和消费行为。研究结果表明,女大学生的闲暇消费以追求实惠和兼顾时尚为主导,理性消费观念占主流。从而引导女大学生合理、健康地消费,同时也为企业营销提供借鉴的策略。     

论消费时间的价值和性质--对消费者剩余的再认识

消费是商品和时间结合产生效用的过程，商品不是产生效用的唯一源泉，消费时间——消费过程中所花费的时间——也参与了效用创造。消费者剩余实际上是消费时间的价值。重视消费时间的价值，理解消费时间的性质能更深入地解释和研究消费者行为。     

长沙休闲消费与产业结构优化的对策研究

娱乐休闲在全国已形成一定的影响,长沙地区的休闲消费已经呈现出多样化的特征。本文在分析长沙休闲消费与产业结构的一般构成的基础上,阐述了长沙休闲产业结构的总体特征和主要问题,并进一步提出了优化长沙休闲产业结构的对策建议。     

当代市场营销中的激情消费行为研究

激情消费是当今市场的一种主要消费方式。对于市场营销而言,激发非理性激情消费并不难,难的是如何倡导一种健康、理性的消费时尚。在分析激情消费内涵与表征的基础上,研究了激情消费的主体行为特征及产生激情消费的原因,并就如何处理好理性消费与激情消费提出了相关对策。     

当代大学生消费现状与特点透析——以湖南省高校大学生为例

本文在总结学术界对大学生消费行为研究的基础上,通过对长沙、湘潭6所大学在校大学生关于消费的问卷调查,调查了解了湖南目前大学生月消费额、经济来源和日常消费构成等状况,分析了理性消费是大学生消费主流等特点,并提出了帮助大学生树立科学的消费观和形成理性的消费方式的对策建议。     

Currency of Search: How Spending Time on Search is Not the Same as Spending Money

Search theories suggest that a decline in search costs increases search behavior. This relationship has been well supported by prior experimental research but not by studies conducted in retail settings. Our review of the literature suggests that this discrepancy might be driven by the fact that prior experiments typically involve money-based search whereas actual search in retail settings is usually time-based. We argue that the currency of search plays a moderating role. We find that when participants spend money on search, a decrease in search costs has a significant effect on search decisions but, when they spend time on search, a decrease in search costs either has a relatively weak effect (Experiment 1) or no effect at all (Experiment 2). Furthermore, this insensitivity in time also emerges for search payoffs (Experiment 3). We also offer evidence for the processes underlying these effects. Our results provide a new lens to examine inconsistencies in the search literature, and present a view of search that is more applicable to the retail context.     

Fair Trade Consumption: In Support of the Out-Group

Two sets of self-transcendence values – universalism and benevolence – act as a source of motivation for the promotion of the welfare of the other rather than the self. This article sought to determine the exact nature of the interaction between these sets of values and the consumption of fair trade products. In an earlier study, universalism values were found to have a significant influence on fair trade consumption whereas benevolence values did not, despite their shared goal and values theory. Additionally, there was supporting evidence in the extant literature that benevolence values should influence fair trade consumption behavior. This study took a closer look at the individual values that make up the value categories universalism and benevolence to better understand and describe this universalism–benevolence distinction in fair trade consumption. It was established that perhaps group membership has an influence on the decision to buy fair trade products. Specifically, it seems that an overriding sense of responsibility to one’s own group – the in-group – prevents some consumers from identifying with, empathizing with, and subsequently sharing resources with fair trade producers; members of out-groups in far-flung corners of the globe. It appears that the universalism–benevolence distinction in fair trade consumption might also be described as an in-group–out-group distinction.