基于供应链的准时化采购方式在制造企业中的应用研究

文中针对我国制造型企业采购管理现状,对传统采购模式进行分析,发现其中的问题所在,并基于供应链管理环境,将流行的准时化采购模式引入企业物流系统中,分析其优点及与传统采购模式的区别。通过上海通用汽车有限公司的案例说明着重探讨制造企业如何采用准时化采购方式,以解决现存问题,达到降低成本、提高效率的目的。     

Joint decision of procurement lot-size,supplier selection,and carrier selection

The joint decision making of procurement lot-size, supplier selection, and carrier selection has potential to reduce buyer's purchasing expenditures. Furthermore, the total logistics cost can also come down through economies of scale in the purchasing and transportation costs, and reduction in supply chain disruptions such as rejections and late deliveries. We study a procurement setting in which a buyer needs to purchase a single product from a set of suppliers over finite discrete time periods to satisfy service level requirements. The suppliers offer all-unit quantity discounts, and transportation cost depends on carrier capacity as well as geographical location of suppliers. This paper proposes an integer linear programming model to simultaneously determine the timings of procurement, lot-sizes, suppliers and carriers to be chosen so as to incur the least total cost over the planning horizon. A numerical example is included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in establishing tradeoffs among purchasing cost, transaction cost, and inventory holding cost. Sensitivity analysis has been carried out to understand the effects of the model parameters on the purchasing decisions and total cost. Managerial insights of this study serve as a reference for decision makers to develop effective procurement strategies.     

加强物资采购管理 降低综合采购成本

当前,现代物流业飞速发展,在新的形势下如何加强物资采购全过程管理,最大限度地降低综合采购成本,已成为煤炭物资流通企业关心的工作重点。文章从采购计划管理、供应商管理、采购方式和采购渠道管理等方面阐述了降低煤炭企业物资采购综合成本的方式方法,并对降低采购成本的具体措施进行了分析。     

Impact of treatment heterogeneity on drug resistance and supply chain costs

The efficacy of scarce drugs for many infectious diseases is threatened by the emergence and spread of resistance. Multiple studies show that available drugs should be used in a socially optimal way to contain drug resistance. This paper studies the tradeoff between risk of drug resistance and operational costs when using multiple drugs for a specific disease. Using a model for disease transmission and resistance spread, we show that treatment with multiple drugs, on a population level, results in better resistance-related health outcomes, but more interestingly, the marginal benefit decreases as the number of drugs used increases. We compare this benefit with the corresponding change in procurement and safety stock holding costs that result from higher drug variety in the supply chain. Using a large-scale simulation based on malaria transmission dynamics, we show that disease prevalence seems to be a less important factor when deciding the optimal width of drug assortment, compared to the duration of one episode of the disease and the price of the drug(s) used. Our analysis shows that under a wide variety of scenarios for disease prevalence and drug cost, it is optimal to simultaneously deploy multiple drugs in the population. If the drug price is high, large volume purchasing discounts are available, and disease prevalence is high, it may be optimal to use only one drug. Our model lends insights to policy makers into the socially optimal size of drug assortment for a given context.     

浅谈基于协议库存模式下的物资采购管理

随着“三集五大”体系建设的实施,协议库存采购模式作为国家电网公司重要的采购方式日趋成熟和规范,发挥了减少招标次数、降低采购成本、节约人工成本的优势,从而进一步加快了物资采购进度、提高了采购效率、降低了企业经营成本,提升了电网企业精益化管理水平。     

物流设计对采购成本影响的思考

在现代企业的经营管理中,采购物流管理是当前企业管理的重要方向。合理的物流设计可以起到降低企业采购成本的作用。就目前而言,如何进行物流设计降低采购成本是当前企业物流关注的焦点,因此,研究物流设计对采购成本的影响具有十分重要的现实意义。文中以物流设计为切入点,在分析物流设计影响采购成本的因素的基础上,重点探索了优化物流设计降低采购成本的策略,旨在说明物流设计对采购成本的重要性,以期为物流设计提供参考。     

浅论政府采购项目的组织方式和成本控制

自从我国开始实行政府采购制度以来,有了一定的成效,但并没有达到发达国家那样的预期效果,采购成本不但下降不太明显,有的项目反而有所提高。文中就政府采购中成本过高问题进行了一些分析,在对成本过高的相关原因进行初步分析的基础上,提出了组织方式和控制成本的一些方法。     

石油物资集中采购模式的分析

实行石油物资的集中采购，能有效降低采购成本,提高油田经济效益，对油田企业至关重要。近年来，我国三大石油公司大力推行集中采购，取得十分明显的经济效果。由于物资种类多,采购规模大，因而相应的供应商数量也非常多。而油田多以传统采购模式为主，采购部门重复，采购效率低下。采购成本增加。在此分析集中采购在石油物资采购中的优势，以期达到降低采购成本，增加油田效率的目的。     

钢铁企业三类含铁物料的协同采购研究

钢铁企业生产中,需要三种含铁物料精矿粉、富矿粉和块矿。以降低含铁物料采购成本为目标,建立了基于性能和价格的含铁物料采购模型。模型主要约束包括：铁量约束,各类含铁物料用量约束,高炉碱度约束,以及采购数量约束。数值模拟中要求含铁物料含铁量应该满足企业铁产量要求,各类含铁物料采购量控制在基准期钢铁企业实际采购量的5%以内,高炉碱度约束转化为基准期CaO,MgO,SiO2的数量约束。通过实际月度数据的模拟计算,能够为企业降低采购成本23.3万元,取得了明显经济效益。     

供应链管理模式下采购管理分析

文章从供应链的角度出发,首先论述了供应链环境下采购的定义,采购管理的特点和模式;接着,阐释了传统的采购管理与供应链管理模式下采购管理的区别;最后,介绍了采购管理中的方法分析,通过具体案例的计算论证经济订货批量这一方法。     

Low cost country sourcing and its effects on the total cost of ownership structure for a medical devices manufacturer

In this paper, we describe a total cost of ownership (TCO) method as an activity-based costing (ABC) application along the value chain to measure and analyse the costs of international sourcing activities. We further describe the method's implementation for a manufacturer of high-tech medical devices. For this case study, we analyse the effects of shifting purchasing volume from traditional procurement market suppliers to low cost country suppliers on the cost structure of purchasing projects. We find that particularly costs at component and supplier level gain importance over traditionally dominating unit level costs. Furthermore, we identify low cost country sourcing as a decision with extensive impact on value chain entities other than purchasing. Finally, a considerable part of costs in low cost country sourcing accrue at the beginning of a purchasing project due to problems stemming from unsatisfactory initial quality, language barriers and intercultural communication.     

电力企业规范化物资采购方法的研究

为了保证电力企业物资采购工作的有序开展,并使该项工作能够在合理、规范、高效的轨迹上运行,文章对电力企业进行规范化物资采购方法进行了研究,从采购计划的合理、规范性,采购方式的选择、采购人员的培养及采购的监督和决策等方面进行了论述,为电力企业物资采购提供了一套规范的工作方法。通过使用该方法,在有效的规避采购风险的同时,提升了采购效率,降低了采购成本,为企业的降本增效做出了贡献。     

完善海军航材采购制度的对策和建议

海军航空兵部队的建设和发展对海军航材采购提出了新的要求。本文就如何完善海军航材采购制度提出以下对策和建议:加强采购人才培养,建立健全航材采购法规制度,降低航材采购成本,加强对航材采购的监督。     

企业采购与招标电子商务平台的业务流程研究

通过对企业采购与招标电子商务平台的业务流程的梳理,对企业建立良好的电子商务平台提供了决策依据与实现的可能。从而最终实现简化企业采购部门的工作内容、提高办公效率、规范采购管理、降低采购成本。     

对项目采购成本控制的几点思考

采购成本在项目总成本中占据重要地位,项目采购成本控制对企业最终利润形成具有"杠杆效应"。在采购理念日新月异的新形势下,如何正确认识项目采购成本问题并对不同性质的采购产品选择合适的采购方法,是当前项目采购管理急需面对的问题。基于近年来国际上出现的采购新理念,本文对影响项目采购成本的主要因素以及传统采购成本管理的主要弊端进行了分析,并提出了降低采购成本的解决思路。     

Mission impossible? The boss wants to double our inventory turns.

Despite the prolific implementation of manufacturing systems, JIT principles, Kaizen events, and cycle time reduction programs over the past few years, high inventories still plague many companies. The assumption that implementing these principles and techniques will automatically result in inventory levels that satisfy management frequently proves to be false. Events like mergers, introduction of new competition, and a dropoff in business often trigger edicts to cut inventories. The cost of inventories also extends beyond the traditional accounting measurements to include hidden operating costs that everyone should want to eliminate. This article looks at the reasons for inventories and explores strategies for reducing them.     

A proactive approach to supply chain risk management: Shifting orders among suppliers to mitigate the supply side risks

Globalization, e-trade, advanced technologies and emerging production techniques have increased supply chains’ efficiency and added value. However, despite numerous advantages, these factors make supply chains more fragile and vulnerable to risks. For this reason, companies that perform supply chain risk management gain competitive advantage. In the past, supply chain managers mainly focused on reducing costs; but recently, they have begun to give importance to supply chain continuity and resiliency which have significant impacts on costs as well. Hence, conventional reactive planning has given way to proactive planning in supply chain risk management. In this study, the supply chain risk management process is investigated and a procedure is proposed in the risk mitigation phase. In the first stage of the proposed procedure, an initial procurement plan is obtained via a linear programming model, considering the cost criterion as the first priority. In the second stage, this plan is revised by including the risk criterion into the planning as the second priority. The aim of this procedure that enables proactive planning is to reduce the supply side risks. The model is tested with a hypothetical data set and the cost analysis is performed to evaluate the performance of the procedure. Finally, the whole supply chain risk management process including the proposed procedure is applied to an international automotive company.     

浅谈项目利润管理在销售与运作计划中的作用

目前,很多制造企业为了应对不确定的市场产品需求,加快供货速度、减少库存积压,纷纷采用S＆OP运作模式,以期达到供需平衡。如何在S＆OP运作的数据收集和评审、销售规划、供应规划、合作关系会议、高层会议等环节中预估成本、预估利润,使产品交付、销售利润最大化,是迫切需要关注和实施的问题。     

石油物资区域采购探索与实践研究

集中采购方式是大型集团化企业降低采购成本的有效手段,已经成为企业获得竞争优势的有力保障。为了与中石油集团公司合规、质量、效率以及降本增效要求相适应,探索通过区域采购这一新的采购模式,既发挥集团公司集中采购规模优势,又兼顾各分公司物资需求特点,提高市场反应效率和精益保供水平。区域采购方式可以灵活多样,多种方式组合,解决集中采购和及时保供矛盾,进一步发挥采购供应链协同效应、规模效应,提高采购供应链整体效率和服务水平,实现开源节流降本增效。     

基于供应链管理的发电企业物资采购研究

物资采购是企业管理中极其重要的组成部分,运用合理的采购模式不仅可以提高工作效率,而且还能降低成本。从这一点出发,论文分析了供应链管理的内容及内涵,并根据准时采购、全球采购和集中采购的模式提出发电企业供应链管理策略。