Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization of Farmers： Problems and Suggestions

I. IntroductionIn the near future, China’s agricultural and rural economy will face the fact that under thefundamental system of family contract and responsibility, small-scale farming householdscoexist with the modern economy. Confronted with the drastically competitive andchangeable market, the weaknesses of individual small farms have gradually emerged.These weaknesses include: too small a scale, little access to information, low level ofspecialization, low level techniques and low econom…     

国际油价波动对中国经济影响的评估

文章运用一般均衡分析方法,通过修正传统CGE模型关于完全竞争与固定规模报酬的不合理假设（此即我国能源市场中两个甚为重要却常被忽略的特性）,评估国际油价上涨对我国总体经济与产业的影响。研究表明,国际油价波动对我国经济冲击幅度的评估受到生产技术与订价行为设定方式的影响。只考虑非完全竞争而忽略规模经济时,冲击幅度与传统CGE相差不大,均明显低于同时考虑规模经济与非完全竞争市场结构时的冲击幅度。与国外文献在油价上涨初期所做的预测相比,本文结果较为缓和,显示由需求拉动的油价上涨,对我国实际GDP的冲击并不如预期中的严重。     

煤电产业布局对区域经济协调发展的影响研究——基于多区域可计算一般均衡模型分析

电力产业布局不仅影响我国能源生产与消费的格局,同时也影响着各地区的经济发展。基于2007年投入产出表,利用多区域动态可计算一般均衡(CGE)模型,比较分析区域配置和跨区配置两种不同的煤电发展模式对区域经济协调发展的影响。研究结果表明:相对于区域配置的煤电布局方式,跨区配置有利于拉动送端地区①的经济增长,促进送端地区与受端地区②的产业合理化分工,缩小地区之间的差距。     

新型农业产业化组织模式的实证研究——以巢湖为例

文章利用问卷调查资料,分析了巢湖地区“企业＋农户”型和“农村合作经济组织＋农户”型农业产业化组织模式的基本状况,指出他们的不足之处,提出建立新型的农业产业化组织模式的构想并证明了其存在的可能性。最后,提出几点建议。     

基于效应分解方法生产理论研究

通过使用效应分解方法对生产者决策问题进行了分析。对如何使用这种方法将产品市场和要素市场信息结合到生产组织中进行了理论推导和应用。研究发现效应分解方法能够较准确地分析两个时期间生产中的变化问题,从而为生产者科学决策提供依据。     

Distortions of Sino-US and Sino-EU Safeguard Agreements： Effects on World Textile Markets

The effects of Sino‐US and Sino‐EU safeguard agreements on US, Chinese and world cotton and textile sectors are investigated using a partial equilibrium model. The effects are compared to a free trade scenario under the provisions of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing. The two safeguard agreements capping Chinese textile exports would decrease China's textile and apparel exports, production, and domestic consumption by an average 1.57, 0.63 and 0.32 percent, respectively. The safeguard agreements cause an increase in the US cotton textile price index and a slight decrease in US net textile imports and textile consumption. The agreements cause a decrease in the world cotton price and the quantity of cotton traded, but these trends reverse at safeguard expiration. The results generally support the view that the safeguard agreements forestall the effects of free trade in textiles and apparel rather than creating long lasting shifts in the textile trade.     

知识经济时代下的企业组织结构变革研究

知识经济时代,知识成为企业一项重要的战略资源。面对知识经济时代的挑战,企业组织结构必然会发生变革。本文从历史发展的角度阐述了企业组织结构的发展历程,探索性地给出知识经济时代下组织结构的发展趋势,并给出我国企业应对挑战的调整方向。     

生产方式变革与经济转型

产业是经济的基础,经济转型实质就是产业转型.产业核心是生产方式,经济转型必然以生产方式变革为基础.劳动者、劳动对象、劳动资料和劳动组织形式是生产方式的基本构成,因此,生产方式基本要素变革成为经济转型的根本.     

经济外部性的负效应与环境保护——绍兴市区珍珠养殖的环境代价分析

私营个体经济已成为江苏省新的经济增长点 ,在经济社会发展中的地位和作用日益凸现 ,积极引导和大力扶持私营个体经济的快速发展 ,是当前江苏省经济结构战略性调整的一项重要内容。本文运用大量详实的数据对江苏省私营个体经济现状进行了剖析 ,研究了私营个体经济发展的取向问     

对我国取消农业税及相关问题的探讨

2004年起我国将在五年内取消农业税,并对粮食生产予以一定的补贴,这是我国税费改革中一件历史意义的大事,必将对我国农村经济的发展产生重大而深远的影响.为此,必须正确认识税费改革的意义,为要保证改革成功应坚持减轻农民负担、实事求是、走群众路线三条原则,正确处理各方面关系.     

Exploring the Macroeconomic Impact of Subsidized Employment

Spending on subsidized employment programmes has taken a high flight in the Netherlands over the past decade. We consider the impact of subsidized employment for low-productive workers in a stripped-down version of the MIMIC model. In our stylized model employment subsidies in the private sector lead to a marginal increase in employment and output. Subsidized employment programmes in the public sector lead to a larger increase in overall employment, but crowding out of regular employment leads to a fall in overall output. We further show that judging programmes on the basis of individual effects can be quite misleading, as the effects on the aggregate level can be quite different. Finally, given the steep rise in expenditures it is disturbing to see how little empirical knowledge we have on the impact of actual programmes on the individual level.     

经济学中演化分析和均衡分析的历史争论与现实反思

在经济现象的产生和发展上,经济学界长期存在两种解释思路：一是基于异质性个体互动的基础之上的动态演化分析,这是以有机的、动态的和开放的世界观为基础的结构主义思路,它把行为主体看成是异质的;二是基于同质性个体假设基础上的静态（或比较静态）均衡分析,这是以机械的、静态的和封闭的世界观为基础的新古典主义传统,它强调行为主体的同质化。显然,现代经济学的基石就是一般均衡理论,因而静态均衡分析也就是现代经济学的基本方法;在均衡框架下,现代经济学研究理性经济人如何按照效用最大化原则实现资源最优配置。但是,这种均衡分析用于分析现实时却遇到非常严峻的问题：一者,它所依赖的假设条件是非现实;二者,无法考察人类行为和经济现象的动态演化。因此,现代主流经济学也正面临着严峻的挑战。     

Exchange Rate Changes and Export Prices in a Small Semi-Open Economy

This paper analyses the reaction of export prices to exchange rate changes in Nigeria. The major proposition examined in the study is that, exchange rate changes are not reflected fully in the prices of the country's exports. The analysis suggests that manufactured export firms in the country may have been price discriminating between domestic and export markets; only about 93% of exchange rate changes occurring in the period 1986 to 1995 is shown as reflected in the domestic price of manufactured export. However, this result is qualified by the fact that, over 75% of the data analysed were generated.     

关于一种投资乘数新算法的探讨——基于CGE的模拟分析

以往计算投资乘数主要采用两种方法,或是建立计量模型并根据乘数的定义来计算从而得到总量的结果,或是利用改进后的投入产出分析法得到结构化的结果.本文尝试利用CGE模型的新算法计算了我国分类居民的投资乘数,得到的结果是城镇居民的投资乘数为2.83,而农村居民的投资乘数为1.35.