基于百度指数的碳交易市场波动率的实证研究

碳交易市场波动率研究主要基于成交量数据对收益率GARCH效应的解释作用。在互联网时代可以有更新更为有效的方法来衡量碳交易市场的波动性。基于“碳交易”词条的百度指数,以湖北碳交易市场中的收益率为样本,本文通过对比使用引入成交量和搜索量的IGARCH（1,1）模型,实证研究发现传统的量价方程的确没有解释力,而百度指数可以对收益率的GARCH效应做出部分合理的解释,这可以在某种程度上反映湖北碳交易市场的交易信息流。     

Price Leadership on the National Cheese Exchange

The motivation and trading behavior of the leading cheese companies on the National Cheese Exchange are examined. Although only 0.2 percent of all cheese is sold on the NCE, it is used to formula-price 90-95 percent of the bulk cheese in the U.S. Kraft General Foods, the largest buyer of cheese in the U.S., was the dominant seller on the NCE during 1988-1993, with the apparent purpose and effect of depressing national cheese prices. Kraft's behavior is consistent with that of a barometric price leader that enjoys a significant degree of discretion in shaping the pattern of prices over a price cycle. As presently organized, the NCE facilitates market manipulation.     

Price Leadership on the National Cheese Exchange

The motivation and trading behavior of the leading cheese companies on the National Cheese Exchange are examined. Although only 0.2 percent of all cheese is sold on the NCE, it is used to formula-price 90-95 percent of the bulk cheese in the U.S. Kraft General Foods, the largest buyer of cheese in the U.S., was the dominant seller on the NCE during 1988-1993, with the apparent purpose and effect of depressing national cheese prices. Kraft's behavior is consistent with that of a barometric price leader that enjoys a significant degree of discretion in shaping the pattern of prices over a price cycle. As presently organized, the NCE facilitates market manipulation.     

Vertical Market Participation

Firms that operate at both levels of vertically related Cournot oligopolies will purchase some input supplies from independent rivals, even though they can produce the good at a lower cost, driving up input price for nonintegrated firms at the final good level. Foreclosure, which avoids this strategic behavior, yields better market performance than Cournot beliefs.     

Market Share Instability and the Dynamics of Competition: a Panel Data Analysis of Japanese Manufacturing Industries

This paper explores market share instability as a measure of market mobility. Using a newly constructed panel data set, we examine the determinants of the market share instability of leading firms in Japanese manufacturing industries. The findings suggest that there is a significant relationship between concentration and market share instability, and the market shares of leading firms are more stable in highly concentrated industries. We also provide evidence that industry growth has a significantly positive effect on market share instability.     

中国汽车产业市场结构与市场绩效研究

本文利用中国汽车工业1998—2008年的数据,通过多元回归分析方法,对中国汽车产业市场结构和市场绩效进行实证研究。实证表明,中国汽车产业市场已从竞争型转向了中下集中寡占型,市场集中度对汽车产业的市场绩效为正效应,但对内资企业、外商投资企业、港澳台投资企业的影响程度不同。本文剖析了中国汽车企业通过市场集中度提高提升市场绩效的主要影响因素及市场集中度对内外资企业市场绩效影响程度差异的原因,并探讨相关政策建议,以期对中国汽车产业发展提供有益的思路。     

Domestic Market Structure and Performance in Global Markets: Theory and Empirical Evidence from U.S. Food Manufacturing Industries

This paper formally articulates Porter's hypothesis that the degree of competition in domestic markets is positively linked to performance in international markets. Hypotheses are tested using measures of the trade performance of U.S. food manufacturing industries as proxies for international competitiveness. Empirical results are generally consistent with Porter's hypothesis; net export share is negatively related to industry concentration. The competitiveness of agricultural inputs, R & D intensity, and trade barriers of other countries were also found to be important determinants of the performance of these industries in global markets.     

The Treatment of Market Power in Korea

Competitive forces have been relatively weak in Korea. Control of the chaebols' diversified expansion and conglomerate power has been a primary object of government policies. Competition law and policy has been expanded to include direct controls on chaebols, but it has been rather ineffective in resolving chaebol-related problems mainly because of insufficient attention having been paid to the problems of market power. Attempts to rein in chaebols by direct controls, without enhancing competitive forces, will be in vain, insofar as chaebol problems are really symptoms of their entrenched market potions in a non-competitive environment.     

市场需求和中国工业行业FDI流入

本文研究中国工业行业的市场需求对外商直接投资流入该行业的影响。本文利用中国工业行业 2003～2014年度行业层面的面板数据进行的实证检验发现,行业市场需求规模促进了FDI的流入,在外资集聚度较高的行业,该种促进作用更加明显。在考虑了FDI的动态效应后,发现外商直接投资存在“惯性”,前期FDI的流入会促进新的FDI流入。估计结果在考虑了内生性后,各检验结果依然稳健。     

国内成品油市场竞争的新格局

随着我国成品油市场的开放，国内成品油市场已经改变了原有格局。分析了当前成品油市场上各竞争主体，阐释了我国的成品油市场开始呈现的以中国石化、中国石油两大集团为主导，其他国有石油公司、民营企业、国际石油公司共同参与竞争的新格局。     

南京市建设监理行业市场集中度研究

针对近年来建设监理市场存在的工程监理取费低、法规不健全、市场不规范等诸多问题。文章通过对南京市监理交易市场的招投标数据的整理,应用CRn、基尼系数和赫芬达尔一赫希曼指数等方法对南京市建设监理市场的绝对集中度、相对集中度以及综合集中度进行了分析,发现绝对和相对集中度指标分析得出结论与综合集中度指标分析得出的结论相吻合。研究表明,南京市建设监理市场企业规模层次性不够鲜明,市场集中度低,竞争较为激烈。     

R&D spending,domestic competition,and export performance of Japanese manufacturing firms

This paper examines three factors influencing the export performances of Japanese manufacturing firms: R&D spending, domestic competitive position, and firm size. Export sales are positively associated with (1) R&D expenditures, (2) size of a firm, and (3) average R&D intensity of an industry. A firm's export ratio is related to the size of the firm, but not to the firm's and the industry's R&D intensities. Follower firms are characterized by higher export ratios than market leaders. The results indicate a relationship between the patterns of domestic competition and the international competitiveness of Japanese firms.     

Growing with the market: How changing conditions during market growth affect formation and evolution of interfirm ties

Research Summary: Market conditions are known to matter for firm performance and growth. This study explores how changing levels of uncertainty and competition affect interfirm ties of entrepreneurial firms as markets transition from nascent to growth stage. Tracing six entrepreneurial game publishers during the growth stage of the U.S. wireless gaming market, the findings reveal that in a growth stage market, as uncertainty decreases, certain ties of entrepreneurial firms are terminated. First, existing partners may cut ties and become competitors after entering the market directly. This is a “winner's curse” as more successful firms are more likely to entice their partners to enter the market directly. Second, ties may be terminated as prominent firms that are “overwhelmed” with too many partners cut ties with low to mediocre performance, while their remaining partners enter a positive spiral of tie strength and performance. Finally, as uncertainty decreases, new firms may enter the market as competitors to prominent firms. While entrepreneurial firms with high‐ and low‐performing ties to prominent partners may find ties with these new entrants attractive, those with mediocre ties to few prominent partners find this move too risky and wait for a first mover to legitimate it. Overall, the findings show that changing levels of uncertainty and competition in growth stage markets can have different consequences for firms due to heterogeneity in their ties and power relative to partners. The findings provide several contributions to literature regarding the relationship among interfirm ties, firm performance, and market evolution. Managerial Summary: Based on interviews at six entrepreneurial game publishers in the United States and their partners, this study shows how changing levels of uncertainty and competition in growing markets can have different consequences for firms based on the different types of alliances in their portfolio and their power relative to partners. The findings highlight the importance of managing partners differently based on alliance type and goal of the partner. They advocate remaining flexible in alliance management as information asymmetries, intentions and bargaining power of partners can change and lead to abrupt alliance dissolution. They show that alliance portfolio management goes beyond a firm's capability of managing individual alliances, and provide a tool for managers to evaluate their alliance portfolios and take the necessary precautions.     

网络型寡占市场结构与中国产业的国际竞争力

产业竞争力归根结蒂是一个产业组织问题，形成有效竞争的产业组织和市场结构是培育和增强我国产业国际竞争力的根本途径和决定性条件。在经济全球化和网络经济条件下，为迅速提升产业的国际竞争力，我国必须形成一种网络型寡占市场结构。     

电力市场的合理补偿原则与核心竞争模式

在四个方面阐述了电力市场的合理补偿原则与核心竞争模式:一是电力市场中的经济补偿与核心竞争模式关系;二是不考虑网络安全限制时的竞争模式;三是考虑网络安全因素时的补偿及竞争模式;四是考虑电力市场发电资源优化配置时的补偿及竞争模式,并作出了三点结论。     

网络外部性、市场"锁定"与标准选择——联通CDMA与移动GPRS市场竞争的经济学分析

本文从网络外部性的角度研究了中国移动通信产业2G和2.5G的市场竞争问题。研究结果表明，随着中国移动通信市场的成熟和网络外部性效应的影响，在向3G过渡的2.5G竞争中，联通选择了CDMA标准与移动的GPRS相竞争，这为联通在市场竞争中胜出提供了契机。但哪种标准将占领市场，这将取决于网络效应中消费者对市场的预期以及技术标准对用户安装基础的控制。     

Market Power in China: Manifestations, Effects and Legislation

This paper presents a picture of market power in China – its current situation, manifestations, causes, damaging effects and related economic laws and regulations. China is in a transition from a planned economy to a socialist market economy. Market power in China is reflected largely in administrative monopolies inherited from the old system, as well as in economic monopolies created by the new system. Administrative monopolies are worse than economic monopolies in terms of the distortion of transaction behavior and the preclusion of market competition. They have become a pressing issue facing China in its economic and social development. China has been developing a legislative framework on market competition, but this framework currently appears weak and powerless in the face of the administrative monopolies. However, the introduction of an anti-monopoly law will undoubtedly be helpful in enhancing the market competition mechanism.     

Minimizing Competition? Entry-Level Compensation in Japanese Firms

This is the first empirical study of the determinants of pay for entry-level jobs among Japanese firms. Pay data of 1,382 companies obtained from the Nikkei survey was matched with company size, performance, industry, and foreign ownership data from Toyo Keizai's Japan Company Handbook. I found that unlike the results based on U.S. data, company size is not related to entry-level pay. Firm performance is positively related, but its effect is minimal. Industry membership and foreign ownership are related. I believe that these findings highlight the influence of the Japanese employment context and information sharing in Japan. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

Market Power in Chinese Taipei: Laws, Policies and Treatments

The experience of Chinese Taipei shows that opening up a previously protected market to new entrants can be a more effective and reliable way to enhance competition than regulating the behavior of dominant or monopolistic firms. Moreover, when opening up the market, the liberalizing measures adopted by government should be market-structure-neutral. That is, it should not try to dictate the direction and results of market competition. A more pressure-resistant mechanism should be designed to deal with market power, taking the form of a regime that is cross-sector, independent and collective in its decision-making, such as has been the case with Chinese Taipei's Fair Trade Commission.     

Market share,advertising, R&D,and profitability: An empirical analysis of leading industrial firms in Japan

This paper develops a dynamic model of a leader firm which chooses the time paths of R&D and advertising inputs so as to maximize the present value of expected profits. From this theoretical model simultaneous-equations system for market share, advertising, R&D, and profitability is derived and estimated using the data on the leading industrial firms in Japan. Our results show that, as far as top firms are concerned, market share and demand growth have significant positive effects on profitability, and an increase in the stock of goodwill increases market share as well as profitability.This study was financially supported by the Ministry of Education in Japan. Helpful comments were provided by H. Odagiri. Also I am indebted to an anonymous referee for advice and criticism on various points.