我国经济结构出现新变化

三大需求结构调整变化较多消费增长步入稳定扩张阶段 从经济增长的需求结构条件看,在投资、消费和出口三大需求中,消费需求的变化更引人注目.     

论需求扩张的短期政策和长期战略

中国经济巳从短缺经济进入到过剩经济，扩大内需巳成为当前宏观经济政策的基本取向，扩大内需从短期来说，必须继续实行需求管理政策，努力启动消费需求，扩大政府支出规模并运用货币政策降低利率和存款准备金率。从长期来说，必须加比供给结构调整力度，使供给结构适应需求结构的变化，实现需求扩张与结构调整的良性互动。     

河南经济增长动力结构调整分析

投资、消费与净出口需求需保持合理的比例关系方能为经济增长提供持久的拉动力,但河南省近年来的需求动力结构明显呈现不均衡特征:投资过热使得投资成为拉动经济增长的主导力量,但投资结构和效益问题日益凸显;消费增长乏力使得消费对经济增长的贡献和拉动总体上呈弱化态势;净出口需求对经济增长明显缺乏拉动作用,且在将来一个较长时期也会如此。调整河南经济增长动力结构,需要在继续保持较大投资规模基础上优化投资结构和提高投资效益,需要着力调整分配格局和完善社会保障体制以增强居民的消费能力,需要继续深化对外开放,逐步将支撑经济增长的重心从过度依赖投资向投资、消费和出口需求均衡支撑过度。     

货币政策在县域经济中传导面临的问题及建议

近几年来，国家运用多种货币政策工具，实施了一系列意在刺激消费、拉动内需、促进经济增长的货币政策。若从全国总体上看，这些货币政策起到了较好效果；但从货币政策在县域经济中运行的情况看，其政策效果不尽明显。目前，县域经济正处于经济结构调整的关键时期，资金需求矛     

经济结构调整视角下的结构性减税政策

在调整经济结构方面,财政政策优于货币政策,结构性减税对我国经济结构调整能够发挥独特而重要的作用。本文认为,基于经济结构调整的结构性减税政策的着力点应为:推行低税负的增值税制与营业税制,刺激消费需求增长;全面推行"营改增"等改革,促进产业结构优化;依托增值税、营业税和企业所得税三大税种扶持中小企业发展;完善税收优惠政策,加大对不发达地区的支持。     

中国经济增长的需求分析及其政策含义

在需求分析框架下,本文综合运用OLS、可变参数模型状态空间表示等方法,实证分析了1978-2010年需求扩张及结构变动对中国经济增长的影响。研究结果表明:1978年以来,提高消费需求比提高投资需求和净出口需求更有利于中国经济持续稳定增长;1997年以来,消费率快速下降,消费需求的产出弹性快速下降,致使中国经济增长面临较强的消费需求约束。现实条件下,政府应通过大幅度提高消费需求、优化投资需求及净出口需求等政策措施来扩大内需进而调整需求结构以促进中国经济持续稳定增长。     

关于疏通我国贷币政策传导机制的探讨

改革开放20年,使我国民间具有了巨大的投资、消费能力。5万亿元的城乡居民储蓄存款,就是证明。扩大国内需求无非是扩大投资需求和启动消费需求;只有扩大国内民众投资、消费需求才是推动我国经济增长的原动力。依笔者之见,我国货币政策要在推动经济增长中发挥更大作用应着力做好两方面工作：一是加快金融市场化进程,畅通货币政策传导机制,提高货币政策刺激经济的灵敏度;二是充分发挥货币政策具有强大的导向性的政策效应,从而刺激公众的投资和消费。下文拟围绕这两方面内容就我国货币政策取向展开讨论。一、在加快金融市场化进程,畅…     

储蓄过剩时代的宏观政策选择

中国经济增长已从供给约束型转化为需求约束型，私人部门消费不足和投资不足导致的储蓄过剩成为其宏观经济运行的基本特征。储蓄过剩降低了货币的流动性，削弱了货币政策对产出的影响，使经济增长更加依赖财政赤字和进出口贸易，也使贸易政策和财政政策面临两难选择。为维持总量平衡，保持适度的经济增长，政府应充分发挥宏观调控的作用。具体而言，运用财政政策改善供给、增加消费；运用货币政策实现货币稳定和金融稳定，促进储蓄向投资的转化。     

货币供给冲击效应中房地产市场渠道的贡献度研究

消费是拉动经济增长的重要因素,在出口增长缓慢的背景下,消费的重要性尤其凸显,因为投资毕竟在更大程度上是中间需求。货币政策是促消费、保增长的重要宏观经济政策,货币政策通过多种渠道作用于消费。     

以资本市场的稳定健康发展扩大内需

当前形势下,要想实现经济较快增长,必须首先立足于扩大国内需求,继续实施积极的财政政策,同时采取多种办法拓宽融资渠道,鼓励和引导集体、个人和社会各方增加投资,进一步扩大投资需求势在必行。在扩大投资需求的同时,要采取有力措施扩大消费需求,形成投资和消费对经济增长的双重拉动。在这种形势下,政府先后运用扩张性的货币政策和财政政策刺激经济,社会投资需求得到了一定的增长,却无法产生扩展效应,社会消费需求依旧,精心培育资本市场,对提高居民收入预期,刺激投资与消费需求的作用。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.