Rivalry in Price and Variety among Supermarket Retailers

Recent theoretical models of retail competition suggest that product heterogeneity is critical to retail price and variety strategies. This article provides empirical evidence on supermarket retailers' price and variety strategies using a nested constant elasticity of substitution (NCES) modeling framework. The model is estimated using chain-level scanner data for four major grocery chains in a large, urban West Coast market. The results show that retailers compete for market share using both price and variety. While they all tend to follow moderately cooperative pricing strategies, the extent to which they follow cooperative strategies in variety is less homogeneous.     

林业企业竞争力探讨

分析了我国林业企业的竞争环境,阐述了从产业生态角度提升林业企业竞争力的重要性,最后提出林业企业实施低成本和产品差别化战略,有利于培育其竞争力。     

Slotting Fees for Organic Retail Products: Evidence From a Survey of U.S. Food Retailers

Based on a survey of U.S. food retailers, our study finds that almost one third of U.S. food retailers charge slotting fees for certified organic food products, a retailing area where slotting fees had not previously been well documented. Econometric results from both ordered response and binary response models suggest that a number of firm-level attributes do influence the presence and/or relative size of organic slotting fees in a manner that is mostly consistent with an economic efficiency rationale and partly consistent with a market power/strategic behavior rationale for slotting fees.     

绿色能源产品市场竞争力分析——以木质煤产品为例

从绿色能源产品逐步进入中国能源消费市场的原因谈起,并以木质煤产品为例,分别从产品自身分析、产品目标消费群分析、能源消费市场价格体系分析3个方面讨论木质煤产品的市场竞争力问题,分析出能源产品之间相对竞争力的走势变化,结合以上分析结果以及各种绿色能源产品的相似性,得出绿色能源产品市场竞争力的相应结论。     

Style and Performance of Agricultural Market Advisory Services

This article develops measures of marketing style for advisory programs in corn and soybeans and estimates the relationship between style characteristics and pricing performance. Style is measured by the intensity of futures and options use, degree of activeness in marketing, and seasonality of sales. The data set consists of advisory programs tracked by the AgMAS project at the University of Illinois between 1995 and 2004. Results indicate that active programs making large bets on price movements obtain a higher average price than more conservative programs. This is consistent with active advisors possessing superior information and/or analytical skills rather than being overconfident. However, estimates of the relationship between pricing performance and activeness are sensitive to the inclusion of a single high-performing program.     

基于交易成本理论的森林碳汇交易研究

以新制度经济学交易费用理论为基础,把森林碳汇项目交易成本分为事前交易及事后交易成本,并细分为8项成本费用。通过分析各项交易成本的影响因子,建立了森林碳汇交易成本的函数关系式,并在交易成本框架下指出了森林碳汇服务项目交易过程存在的问题,据此提出了降低交易成本的途径。     

林水之争、林草之争可以休矣

本文对“林水之争”、“林草之争”进行了深入的剖析 ,并提出了实行水利工程和生物工程相结合、乔灌草相结合的办法。     

Books Reviewed

Books reviewed in this article:
Crissman, Charles C., John M. Antle, and Susan M. Capalbo, eds. Economic, Environmental and Health Tradeoffs in Agriculture: Pesticides and the Sustainability of Andean Potato Production.
Deaton, Angus. The Analysis of Household Surveys: A Microeconometric Approach to Development Policy.
Graham, Edward M., and J. David Richardson, eds. Global Competition Policy.
O'Rourke, Kevin H., and Jeffrey G. Williamson. Globalization and History: The Evolution of a Nineteenth Century Atlantic Economy.     

The Impact of Internationalisation on the Swedish Food Industry

Abstract

The European integration process has changed the competitive landscape in many industries. The questions raised in this paper concern the reactions of national firms that are subjected to this process of internationalisation of competition.

This study highlights the vertical inter-dependence within a system of production and distribution. In internationalisation theory, most studies have focused on how firms become international or global players, where entrance into new markets is seen as a result of strategic decisions.

To illustrate this process, three industries in food production, that is the baking, the brewing and the confectionery industries, were chosen.

The results indicate that a supra-industrial strategic recipe exists, with a core content of specialised volume production. The discussion on company strategies focussed on the retail sector. The findings might be interpreted in the light of Galbraith's theory of countervailing power.     

对我国发展森林水文服务市场的相关问题探讨

以国际森林水文服务市场的发展动力、交易机制、市场参与者、交易范围等方面研究为基础,深入探讨了我国森林水文服务市场发展的2个问题:⑴从购买方、法律与政策、供应方的角度出发,探讨市场发展动力不足及如何进一步推动市场发展问题;⑵通过对流域下游公众森林水文服务意识、公众对森林水文有偿服务的态度及支付意愿的调查,对现阶段创建全流域森林水文服务市场的可能性进行探讨。     

U.S. Crop Farmers' Use of Market Advisory Services

Abstract

This study reports that Market Advisory Services (MAS) are used by about 82% of commercial U.S. crop producers, based on the results of a recent survey. Only 43% of MAS users rely on a single service, while the other 57% subscribe to multiple services. MAS users' profiles in terms of their (1) demographic characteristics, (2) risk attitude, and (3) marketing behavior are presented. The results indicate that MAS users can be differentiated based on their location and use of computers, though not on age and farm size. MAS users are shown to be significantly more risk seeking than non-users. Furthermore, MAS users apply significantly more forward-pricing techniques, but are no different from non-users in terms of marketing frequency.     

中国林纸产品国际竞争力实证研究

以木浆、纸浆和纸张为研究对象,以世界林纸产业先进国家为参照,使用国际市场占有率和贸易竞争指数两个指标实证分析了我国林纸产品的国际竞争力。研究表明我国的林纸产品的国际竞争力与世界林业发达国家相比有很大差距。在分析影响林纸产品国际竞争力因素的基础上,提出了提高我国林纸产品国际竞争力的若干对策。