Recent developments in European business ethics

In the first part of the paper, factual information is given about developments in European business ethics since it started on a more or less institutionalized basis, five or six years ago. In the second part some comments are presented on the meaning of the developments and the possible causes. Attention is given to resemblances and differences between American and European business ethics. In the short last part some suggestions are proposed about tasks business ethics will face in the next decade.Henk J. L. van Luijk is Professor of Ethics at Nijenrode, The Netherlands School of Business, Breukelen, The Netherlands, and at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands. He is chairman of the Executive Committee of EBEN, The European Business Ethics Network. His special field is business ethics. He is the author of three books on various philosophical subjects. In his special field he published several articles, mainly in Dutch philosophical and professional journals.     

Crucial issues in successful European business

Time has come to put business ethics explicitly on the agenda of those who bear responsibility in the business world and of the scholars working in the field of business administration sciences. Reflection should bear on specific issues of concern, but also on processes of decision in business practices and on patterns of thought at work inside issues and processes. What the issues are, which processes and patterns need scrutiny, is to be decided upon in the course of the public normative debate in which ethicists, as experts of conceptual analysis and argumentation, and corporate executives as experts in decision-making each take an equal and fair share, as people who are able and willing to proffer an argued personal standpoint in an open debate.Henk J. L. van Luijk is Professor of Ethics at Nijenrode, The Netherlands School of Business, Breukelen, The Netherlands, and at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands. He is chairman of the Executive Committee of EBEN, The European Business Ethics Network. His special field is business ethics. He is the author of three books on various philosophical subjects. In his special field he published several articles, mainly in Dutch philosophical and professional journals.     

Business Integrity in Transitional Economies: Central & Eastern Europe

What are the ethical concerns among the growing populations of business people in Central & Eastern Europe, and how might they be dealt with practically in the course of business life? David Murray has been a management consultant since 1979 working primarily with the Hay Group in the area of strategic organisational change. Since founding Maine Consulting Services in 1991 he spends most of his time in the field of business and professional ethics, also holding a Visiting Fellowship at the University of Central Lancashire. He is chairman of the Professional & Technical Board at the (British) Institute of Quality Assurance and a coordinating editor of the quarterly Organisations & People. Marek Kucia is a social researcher operating his own research agency (which organised the Polish part of this exercise) and an academic teaching sociology, and conducting and co-ordinating Central European Studies at the Jagiellonian University, Krakow. He studied political science, sociology and philosophy at Krakow and studied for his PhD at Oxford. He has also worked for Gallup, London, in opinion and market research. This survey report is based on presentations made in April 1994 to the EBEN Research Centres Conference in Prague, and in June 1994 to the conference on “Ethics in Transition” organised in Gödöllö, Hungary, by the Democracy after Communism Foundation, Budapest. The authors wish to acknowledge the major contribution to this work of Mr Juraj Kusnierik of the Central European Foundation, SEN, Bratislava, who co-ordinated the survey exercise. The project was sponsored by The Ethics Development Initiative, CARE, London; the Central European Foundation, SEN, Bratislava, Slovakia; SIS Ltd., Bratislava, Slovakia; and Maine Consulting Services, 16 Acrefield, Blackburn, Lancashire, England BB2 7BJ, to which all correspondence connected with this report should be addressed.     

The Honorable Merchant and Customer Trust: Key Dimensions for International Business Success

What does it mean to be honorable in an international business context, and why is it important? The history of business honorability is discussed in addition to its applicability to today's expectations. A solution of trust bridges is suggested to find commonalities between two parties in order to strengthen their network and relationship with one another. These postulates were investigated during the American Marketing Association's Special Interest Group conference on “The Honorable Merchant in International Marketing” hosted in Cancun, Mexico, in the spring of 2014. At the conference, a three‐round Delphi study was conducted to analyze the various global perspectives participants had on honorable practices in academia and business and their relation to international marketing. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The 1996 ICC Report on Extortion And Bribery in International Business Transactions

Extortion and bribery are regularly identified as well–nigh insoluble ethical problems for business, especially on an international scale, yet there are many initiatives being steadily pursued to combat them. One of the most impressive is the work of the International Chamber of Commerce, which published an important Report on the subject in 1977, the first such document prepared by the business community. Now that Report has undergone an in-depth revision which was published last year and is the subject of this study. Professor Argandoña is Secretary General of IESE [the International Graduate School of Management of the University of Navarre], Av. Pearson 21, E–Barcelona, Spain (email: argandona@iese.es), and an Associate Editor of this Review. The article is a revised version of the presentation made to the Nineth EBEN Annual Conference held in Frankfurt in September last year.     

Work,Virtues, and Flourishing: A Special Issue from the EBEN 25th Annual Conference

Journal of Business Ethics - The paper is the introduction to a selection of papers submitted to the EBEN 25th Annual Conference which took place at IESE Business School in Barcelona from September...     

A Social Contract Account for CSR as an Extended Model of Corporate Governance (II): Compliance,Reputation and Reciprocity

This essay seeks to give a contractarian foundation to the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), meant as an extended model of corporate governance of the firm. Whereas, justificatory issues have been discussed in a related paper (Sacconi, L.: 2006b, this journal), in this essay I focus on the implementation of and compliance with this normative model. The theory of reputation games, with reference to the basic game of trust, is introduced in order to make sense of self-regulation as a way to implement the social contract on the multi-fiduciary model of corporate governance. This affords understanding of why self-regulation, meant as mere recourse to a long-run strategy in a repeated trust game, fails. Two basic problems for the functioning of the reputation mechanism are examined: the cognitive fragility problem, and the motivational problem. As regards the cognitive fragilities of reputation (which result from the impact of unforeseen contingencies and from bounded rationality), the paper develops the logic and the structure that self-regulatory norms must satisfy if they are to serve as gap-filling tools with which to remedy cognitive limitations in the reputation mechanism. The motivation problem then arises from the possibility of sophisticated abuse by the firm. Developed in this case is an entirely new application of the theory of conformism-and-reciprocity-based preferences, the result of which is that the stakeholders refuse to acquiesce to sophisticated abuse on the part of the firm. Lorenzo Sacconi is professor of economics and Unicredit Chair in economic ethics and corporate social responsibility at the Department of Economics of the University of Trento, where he leads the LaSER - Laboratory of research in Social responsibility, Ethics and Rationality, and head of the graduate program (laurea magistralis) in “economic decisions, enterprise and corporate social responsibility”. He is also director of EconomEtica, the interuniversity centre for economic ethics and corporate social responsibility joining over 20 Italian Universities placed at the Milano-Bicocca University. Past president of tthe Italian Business Ethics Network and past member of the EBEN executive committtee, currrently he is a member of the executive committee of the Italian chapter of EBEN (EBEN Italy). On related subjects, he is author of the book: The social contract of the firm, Springer, 2000     

Utterly fresh perspectives on consumer research and advertising: Introducing the special issue from the 2013 La Londe conference

This article provides an overview of the papers from the 40th La Londe Marketing Communications and Consumer Behavior Conference that were selected for this special issue of the Journal of Business Research. The La Londe conference is a biennial event that attracts top researchers from across the world. A small and selective conference, its intimacy combined with high-quality presentations serves as an incubator for new ideas and fresh perspectives on consumer research, and does so through an international lens that is reflected in the diversity of countries represented on the conference program, the co-chairs of the conference, and the La Londe Conference Scientific Committee.     

Assessing the application of cognitive moral development theory to business ethics

Cognitive moral development (CMD) theory has been accepted as a construct to help explain business ethics, social responsibility and other organizational phenomena. This article critically assesses CMD as a construct in business ethics by presenting the history and criticisms of CMD. The value of CMD is evaluated and problems with using CMD as one predictor of ethical decisions are addressed. Researchers are made aware of the major criticisms of CMD theory including disguised value judgments, invariance of stages, and gender bias in the initial scale development. Implications for business ethics research are discussed and opportunities for future research delineated.John Fraedrich is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at Southern Illinois University of Carbondale. His areas of interest include ethical decision making and international marketing. He has published inJournal of Macromarketing, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Marketing Management, International Journal of Value Based Management, andJournal of International Consumer Marketing. Dr. Fraedrich is co-author of a textbookBusiness Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases, Second Edition.Debbie M. Thorne is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at the University of Tampa. Her areas of interest include business ethics, social network analysis, and cultural issues in organizations. She received a Ph.D. in 1993 and has published in theJournal of Teaching in International Business and numerous conference proceedings.O. C. Ferrell is Interim Dean and Distinguished Professor of Marketing and Business Ethics in the Fogelman College of Business and Economics at Memphis State University. Dr. Ferrell was chairman of the American Marketing Association Ethics Committee that developed the current AMA Code of Ethics. He has published articles on business ethics in theJournal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Macromarketing, Human Relations, Journal of Business Ethics, as well as others. He has co-authored ten textbooks includingBusiness Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases, Second Edition, and a tradebook,In Pursuit of Ethics.     

一封有温度的家书

自“新冠肺炎”疫情爆发以来,疫情对我国会议行业的生产、经营活动带来了严重的考验。这其中,会议酒店获客受阻、会奖旅游遭遇寒冬、赛事活动普遍取消、会议论坛延期举办,会议产业的生存与发展遭受到前所未有的严峻挑战。     

Marxism,Business Ethics,and Corporate Social Responsibility

Originally delivered at a conference of Marxist philosophers in China, this article examines some links, and some tensions, between business ethics and the traditional concerns of Marxism. After discussing the emergence of business ethics as an academic discipline, it explores and attempts to answer two Marxist objections that might be brought against the enterprise of business ethics. The first is that business ethics is impossible because capitalism itself tends to produce greedy, overreaching, and unethical business behavior. The second is that business ethics is irrelevant because focusing on the moral or immoral conduct of individual firms or businesspeople distracts one’s attention from the systemic vices of capitalism. I argue, to the contrary, that, far from being impossible, business requires and indeed presupposes ethics and that for those who share Marx’s hope for a better society, nothing could be more relevant than engaging the debate over corporate social responsibility. In line with this, the article concludes by sketching some considerations favoring corporations’ adopting a broader view of their social and moral responsibilities, one that encompasses more than the pursuit of profit.     

Three Steps of CCPIT

CCPIT is busy with the ＂two sessions＂, especially its Chairman, Wan Jifei, who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People＇s Political Consultative Conference （CPPCC）, in the field of international friendship activities. This time Wan＇s role for the two sessions is more focused on his title of Vice Director of the Shanghai World Expo Executive Committee. On March 8, Wan attended a special press conference on the World Expo 2010, pledging that the financial crisis would not affect the overall success of the Expo. CCPIT, as one of the key organizers of the World Expo 2010, is faced with public concern about what will be done to combat the global financial crisis and its effects.     

Ethical aspects of an urban catastrophe

As a consequence of the collapse of a building in Barcelona, in December 1990, it was discovered that a large number of dwellings, mainly in Barcelona but also in other towns of Catalonia, were affected by a structural defect known as aluminosis, consisting of a deterioration of the reinforced concrete manufactured using aluminous cement, which considerably reduced its strength and that of the steel embedded in the concrete. This brought to light a series of economic, social, political and also moral problems, such as the use of the aluminous cement itself — a quality product but which requires careful handling —, the lack of regulation concerning the product and its use in construction, the poor state of repair of the buildings affected, the careless manner in which they had been built, the lag in technical knowledge, the financial situation of the people affected by the aluminosis, etc.This document provides a full account of the events and their historical, technical, economic and legal background, paying particular attention to the ethical problems created by the situation.Antonio Argandoña is Professor at IESE, the International Graduate School of Management of the University of Navarra in Barcelona (Spain), where he teaches Economics and Business Ethics. He is a member of the Executive Committee of EBEN (European Business Ethics Network), and of the Organizing Committees of the Second (Barcelona, 1989) and Sixth (Oslo, 1993) European Conferences on Business Ethics. He is also co-editor ofPeople in Corporations: Ethical Responsibilities and Corporate Effectiveness (Kluwer, 1990) and author of many articles on business and economics ethics. This article was presented to the Fifth European Conference on Business Ethics (Paris, October 1992).     

Capital is king!

The business world is, hopefully, emerging from a mega-downturn. So, should the savvy businessman be focused on the top line (revenues) or the bottom line (profits)? Says John Mullins : neither! Working capital is what companies like Costco need to survive, and it may also be precisely what your business needs to prosper.     

To Pay or Not to Pay? Dynamic Transparency and the Fight Against the Mafia’s Extortionists

This article presents the results of the longitudinal study of Addiopizzo, a successful anti-bribery organization founded in Sicily in 2004. It analyzes how this organization has used information disclosure as a strategy to fight adverse environmental conditions and the immoral activities of the Sicilian Mafia. This article extends the business ethics and corporate social responsibility literature by showing how multi-level strategic information disclosure processes can help gain organizational legitimacy in adverse social environments and successfully fight against social resistance to change, low levels of moral imagination and attacks from criminal organizations. This article provides an additional contribution to the literature by linking the three research streams on corporate transparency, the fight against corruption, and organizational legitimacy. The results of this research also contribute to the special issue of the EBEN AC 2010, “Which values for which organizations”, since it provides a unique example of an organization capable of spreading the values of social justice and honesty in a difficult social environment plagued by Mafia.     

The arduous task of defining and developing consumer education. A report about the activities of the IOCU Education Committee

The International Organization of Consumers Unions (IOCU) includes 127 consumer associations in 51 countries. The importance of consumer education within the goal structure of IOCU is reflected by the existence of a Consumer Education Committee, which is one of the three Standing Committees of IOCU (the two others being the Test and the Development Committees).The paper reports on the approaches to define formal consumer education and to formulate the aims of consumer education, as well as on activities like seminars and courses, publications, and projects or surveys of member activities. Of special interest is the Education Committee's effort to initiate a network for consumer educators which is operating since 1985.Structural problems of the Education Committee result mainly from the lack of a fixed membership and the lack of a fixed budget.

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Die mühsame Aufgabe, Verbrauchererziehung zu definieren und zu entwickeln. Ein Bericht über die Aktivitäten des IOCU—Erziehungskommitees

Zusammenfassung Die internationale Organisation der Verbraucherverbände (IOCU) besteht aus 127 Verbraucherverbänden aus 51 Ländern. Der Stellenwert der Verbrauchererziehung im gesamten Tätigkeitsbereich von IOCU zeigt sich in der Tatsache, daß das Komitee für Verbrauchererziehung eines von drei ständigen IOCU-Komitees ist.Der Beitrag berichtet über die Versuche, Verbrauchererziehung zu definieren, und unterscheidet dabei normative Ansätze von institutionellen und offenen Ansätzen; er berichtet ferner über die Versuche, die Ziele der Verbrauchererziehung zu formulieren. Sodann werden als Tätigkeitsschwerpunkte zum einen die Durchführung von Seminaren, Kursen und Workshops, die auf der ganzen Welt stattfinden, und zum anderen die Verbreitung von Publikationen und Durchführung von Projekten geschildert. Von besonderem Interesse sind die Bemühungen des Verbrauchererziehungskomitees, ein Netzwerk für Verbrauchererzieher zu initiieren; so wie IOCU auch bisher Initiator und aktiver Teilnehmer einer Reihe von Netzwerken war (z.B. Consumer Interpol, Pesticide Action Network, Health Action International, International Baby Food Action Network), existiert seit 1985 auch ein Netzwerk für Verbrauchererzieher.Abschließend behandelt der Beitrag strukturelle Probleme des Erziehungskomitees, die hauptsächlich darauf zurückzuführen sind, daß es keine feste Mitgliedschaft und kein festes Budget gibt.

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Heiko Steffens is Professor of Economics at the Technical University of Berlin, Franklinstraße 28/29, D-1000 Berlin 10, FRG; Günter Rosenberger is Head of the Stiftung Verbraucherinstitut, Reichpietschufer 72-76, D-1000 Berlin 30, FRG.     

不负好春光复工正当时

步入三月,春暖花开。国内新冠肺炎疫情防控已经接近尾声,复工、复产则成为我国社会发展的主要工作方向。左手稳防控,右手抓经济,两者皆不误。面对危机,我国不仅在短时间内取得了显著的效果,战胜疫情。同时也给世界上了一堂具有现实意义的教研课。现在,面对国际严峻的疫情态势。我国已开始通过科学、有序的方式,陆续恢复生产生活秩序。疫情之后百业待兴,对于会议业的发展,则显得更加重要。会议业的复工、复产不仅是对全国各行业的稳定运行负责,更是对国家经济建设的重要保障。     

How to Add Philosophy Dimensions in Your Basic International Business Course

This article aims to assist professors in introducing concepts of self, philosophy, religions, the universe, existential dilemmas, etc., in their basic international business classes. Using active learning and five-member student teams, a student organized and administered conference adds a very useful dimension of knowledge sacrificing only one teaching day. The article, capitalizing on more than 25 years of international business teaching and conference experiences, provides “how-to” suggestions to organize similar events.     

Vice-Chairman Wang Jinzhen Attended the Press Conference of the Shanghai World Expo Preparation Work Held by the News Office of the State Council

On the morning of July 31,just before the 1000-day mark from the opening of Shanghai 2010 World Expo. the News Office of the State Council held a press conference, where Mr.Wang Jinzhen,Member of Shanghai 2010 World Expo Organizing Committee,Executive Vice-Director of Shanghai 2010 World Expo Organizing Committee Liaison     

会战疫情 议谋发展 解读危机下会议业的自我救赎

自2019年12月湖北省武汉市爆发“新冠肺炎”疫情以来,疫情在两个月的时间里迅速蔓延到全国各地,对我国国民健康带来重大伤害。疫情不仅严重威胁到民众的生命健康,更对我国现阶段经济社会的发展带来巨大冲击。受此影响,中国会议行业的发展也面临严峻的挑战。受疫情影响,赛事停办、会议取消、活动延期,旅游业发展遭受沉重打击。国外游客与商旅客人纷纷改变行程或取消来华的各项商务活动。同时也促使酒店业、消费业、娱乐业、餐饮业、旅游业等会议产业多个周边领域的生产、经营活动陷入困境。众所周知,会奖六要素是构成现代会议业发展的基本条件,是会议经济的驱动力与带动力,更是拉动地区经济发展的主要推手。面对突如其来的疫情,中国会议人虽然抛开自身利益,勇于奉献。但是面对严峻的市场发展态势,如何在狙击疫情的前提下,迅速展开生产自救,在危机下如何拉动行业发展前进,已经成为时下行业关注的焦点与值得探讨的话题。