Zionism and agricultural land: National narratives,environmental objectives,and land policy in Israel

The 1990s saw two different and even contradictory trends in Israel. On the one hand, there was a substantial increase in environmental awareness, on the part of both the general public and decision-makers, that led to a change in the land use planning policy at the national level. On the other hand, the Israel Lands Council (ILC), the body empowered by law to shape the national land policy, made a series of decisions that severely violated the principle of preserving agricultural land and led to massive conversion of agricultural land and open space for commercial, industrial, and residential development. Thus the national land policy became incompatible with the land use planning policy and the rise in environmental awareness it reflected.     

Stakeholder perceptions and governance challenges in urban protected area management: The case of the Las Piñas – Parañaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area,Philippines

The conservation and management of protected areas in urban settings has become increasingly challenging with dynamics over land use change in adjacent urban areas being highly relevant to, but at times conflicting with, the protected area. This study seeks to better understand the implications of land use change processes to urban protected area management through the case study of the Las Piñas – Parañaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area (LPPCHEA) in Metro Manila, Philippines. Factors and processes influencing land use change and protected area management and the impact of stakeholders’ perceptions on protected area were analyzed. The urban protected area in itself has limited influence on its surrounding urban areas, as land use change in these areas is shaped more by social, economic and policy/institutional factors occurring within the context of urban-regional development. The study also found that land use conflict is evident in an urban protected area due to the competing ecosystem services derived by various stakeholders. This discord is deepened by the lack of coordination between land use planning and protected area management. Integrating protected area management with land use planning through legally binding instruments, specific timeframes and clear internal procedures can help resolve land use conflict for an urban protected area at the strategic or policy level.     

Environmental impact assessment of urban land use transitions—A context-sensitive approach

Land consumption due to residential development, economic growth and transportation belongs to the most serious environmental pressures on landscapes worldwide, in particular in urbanised areas. Accordingly, the aim of containing the development of land is rated increasingly high on the agenda of environmental policy, at least in densely populated countries such as Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands or the UK. As a result, different strategies and instruments to prevent excessive land consumption are being discussed. However, many of these strategies and instruments adopt a rather general approach, while it seems more effective to define the particular areas where the goal of reducing land consumption is to be pursued. Such an approach must draw on information about how detrimental specific land use transitions are with regard to, for instance, the functionality of soils, water balance or habitat quality at specific locations. This paper introduces a conceptual framework for the impact assessment of land use transition in urban areas which highlights how such information can be acquired. This framework includes the differentiation of two levels of impact assessment: the level of the single land unit and the context level which takes into account regional and aggregated impacts of land use transition bound to the spatial context. The conceptual framework provides a basis to disaggregate (supra-)national policy targets regarding land use, to scale them down to the regional level, and thus to clarify the spatially explicit implications of land use policies.     

我国土地利用和管理形势政策研判

目前土地利用和管理的政策重点为:调结构、调过剩产能、完善城乡统筹中土地制度,严格保护耕地.针对资源供应的刚性影响逐步扩大,全社会的发展理念发生着深刻的变化,为提高资源利用效率、走节约集约道路提供了良好的外部环境.应该供需双向调节,加速结构调整、统筹城乡发展,促进城市转型,加快宜居城市建设、实施建立差别化供地政策、强化耕地建设性保护专项工作.对2011年来讲,促进经济发展方式转变,节约集约用地是关键,严格保护耕地是硬任务,应推动土地利用方式根本转变.促进经济发展方式转变和经济社会又好又快发展.     

Characteristics and land use of contaminated brownfield properties in voluntary cleanup agreement programs

This paper reports exploratory empirical research on the property characteristics and land use of contaminated brownfield properties. This research investigated 1415 contaminated brownfield properties in environmental cleanup programs in the states of New York and Texas in the US. This research attempts to clarify some confusion about contaminated brownfield sites, provide detailed information on the diverse land uses that caused the contamination on these properties, and to provide a better base of knowledge about brownfield sites that may be used in developing and implementing policy to remediate and redevelop contaminated brownfields properties in both older industrial regions and in more recently industrialized regions. This research analyzed land use data for these properties at the time they became contaminated and at the time they entered the environmental cleanup program. It also attempts to identify similarities and differences in the characteristics of the properties in these two states with strikingly different histories of industrialization. Several common assumptions about brownfield properties are extracted from the literature review and tested using the data. Some of our results are surprising, including the variety of past land uses of these contaminated brownfield properties and the differences in the history of land use and the characteristics of the properties in the older versus newer industrial region.     

武汉市城市土地集约利用对策研究

我国土地资源短缺,城市化初始阶段非农建设用地扩张严重,与此同时,城市存量土地却存在粗放利用现象。因此,必须挖掘城市用地潜力,提高土地使用效率,实现城市土地集约利用。在分析武汉市城市土地集约利用现状的基础上,以全国19个市区非农人口在200万人以上的城市为评价单元,进行区域比较分析来反映武汉市城市土地集约利用整体水平。同时针对武汉市城市土地集约利用中存在的问题,提出若干有益于土地集约利用的对策和建议。     

The forest transition: Towards a more comprehensive theoretical framework

Building on the contributions of Mather and others, this paper offers an approach for developing a more comprehensive theory of the forest transition. We argue that long-run changes in forest cover in a country or region cannot be separated from the overall pattern of land use changes. Moreover, this pattern is determined by relative land values; forest cover changes over time as the value of one land use relative to the value of its competing use changes over time. However, the actual values that are used to allocate land may be far from optimal; that is, the presence of market, policy and institutional failures can distort economic and political incentives that can lead to bias in favour of one type of land use over the other, and may ultimately explain why a forest transition may be delayed unnecessarily in some countries and regions.     

The role of planning in achieving indigenous land justice and community goals

This paper suggests that the capacity of indigenous groups to engage effectively in a range of planning activities is crucial to achieving land justice and community goals. This argument is relevant in the face of long-standing tensions between indigenous peoples residing in post-settler societies and nation-states such as Australia, Canada, and New Zealand over questions of land and natural resource use. The paper argues that effective planning is crucial for (i) protecting indigenous interests by engaging the planning activities of the state, (ii) the successful acquisition of lands through legal land claim processes, and (iii) helping indigenous communities achieve their goals by implementing effective community-based planning processes.     

农户脆弱性研究综述及其在土地利用变化中的理论分析构架

研究目的:搜集整理国内外关于农户脆弱性的文献,总结农户脆弱性的概念、研究框架与评价方法,提出土地利用变化下农户脆弱性的理论框架,为中国土地制度改革与社会可持续发展提供依据。研究方法:文献资料法,归纳分析法与比较分析法。研究结果:目前对农户脆弱性尚未形成明确的概念及统一的分析框架,缺乏完善的评价指标体系,评价方法比较单一。研究结论:未来,应在现有农户脆弱性研究基础上,建立综合、可行的评价指标体系,构建综合评价模型,并注重多学科融合与多重扰动农户脆弱性研究,重视土地利用变化领域的农户脆弱性评价。     

广东省土地市场运作模式与相关政策分析

本文回顾了广东土地市场的发展过程，就土地相关政策对土地市场的导向作用进行了分析，并针对土地市场运作中的一些问题提出了完善土地市场运作模式的建议。     

基于政策量化的中国耕地保护政策演进过程

研究目的:探讨中国耕地保护政策的演进特征和规律,为政策制定提供理论依据和支撑。研究方法:政策文献计量法和内容分析法。研究结果:中国耕地保护政策的政策力度不强、涉及范围较广、政策措施较为丰富、反馈机制不足、监督体系仍需完善;政策演进共经历了政策出台早期探索、体系建立探索、体系初步形成、体系基本完善、体系趋于成熟5个阶段,耕地保护内涵实现了\"数量—数量、质量—数量、质量、生态\"的转变;中国耕地保护政策的政策工具类型逐渐多样化,政策工具的内容逐渐具体、可操作性增强。研究结论:未来应提升政策的整体权威性,完善监督机制;健全多部门协同联动机制,强化\"三位一体\"保护;进一步丰富政策工具形式,提升耕地保护效率。     

Preindustrial agriculture versus organic agriculture: The land cost of sustainability

The study of traditional agrarian systems can provide useful knowledge for improving the sustainability of present-day agriculture. Nonetheless, with the loss of traditional agro-ecosystems and the rationale that guides them, as has happened in Europe, an historical research approach can have a decisive role to play in recapturing this knowledge. In this article we study the evolution of a typical Mediterranean agro-ecosystem during the last 250 years, supporting the claim that high diversity and the internalization of energy flows and nutrient cycles found in traditional agriculture, are not only characteristics of the greatest sustainability of such systems, but are based in the need for additional land in production. This claim requires the dedication of land to diverse and complementary uses that leave a footprint on the landscape. Organic agriculture needs to consider this “land cost”, meanwhile trying to minimize it in order to improve its actual degree of sustainability.     

土地利用战略研究再认识

从土地利用战略研究的涵义、理念与我国现行土地利用战略研究的范式出发,分析了当前我国土地利用战略研究的不足与存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了一些完善我国土地利用战略研究的建议。     

浅析土地发展权与土地利用规划

我国正处于工业化和城市化的加速时期，土地需求急剧增加。为了进一步控制土地利用，国家采取一系列的有力措施，但在土地管理中存在土地配置效率低下、大量农用地非法转为建设用地等的问题。在市场经济条件下，土地的经济价值日益显化，农民围绕土地权益而发生大量纷争，为了解决其中的一些尖锐矛盾，我国应积极地创设土地发展权制度，显化土地发展极，建立基于国有土地发展权的土地利用规划思路。