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1.
    
Asset endowments and market imperfections shape households’ labor allocation decisions and lead to different production regimes within rural farm households in South Africa. This article uses a farm household model to explain the presence of three main household groups determined on the basis of the labor regime adopted: small peasants (working both on and off farm), self‐cultivators (autarkic in labor) and hiring‐in households. A partial generalized ordered logit is used to test the main predictions of the model and a Brant test on threshold constancy is performed to identify the household‐specific factors affecting labor market participation. The results show that liquidity constraints and market imperfections matter in the choice of the labor strategy adopted. Liquidity‐constrained households are more likely to sell labor off farm while access to information facilitates the hiring in of workers.  相似文献   

2.
    
Against the backdrop of expanding commercial crop markets and private well expansion, market-oriented agriculture has developed in villages with access to abundant water resources in Tamil Nadu, India. On the other hands, the villages that have failed to secure sufficient irrigation water have experienced sharp decline in cropping. Such land has been rapidly invaded by Prosopis juliflora, a tree species that has wide adaptability of the different environments and high coppicing ability. This species has traditionally been harvested as a fuel for domestic use and small-scale businesses, and recognised as “a tree for the poor”. However, since the establishment of the electricity act in 2003, which completely deregulated participation of private companies in the electricity generation industry, the new usage of Prosopis has been created: several small-scale electricity generating plants began to utilise this tree as an energy source. As a result, the demand for Prosopis tree rapidly increased and the real price of raw wood has more than doubled between 2003 and 2009. A census survey of household income revealed that income generated from Prosopis expansion compensated for the decrease of cropping, and contributed to an increase in the net household income, especially for the landless labourers and middle class land holders. This fact indicates that it is possible to reduce poverty in a semi-arid rural area without securing additional irrigation water, in case proper institutions and technologies are in place.  相似文献   

3.
Forest plantations have increased rapidly in the last three decades, to a large extent due to direct and indirect financial incentives. At the farm level, forestry incentives can affect the investment decisions of small forest landowners and bring socioeconomic externalities or unintended effects associated with farm management. The purpose of this study is to assess the ex post impacts of a forestry subsidy on land use changes and off-farm income experienced by Chilean small forest landowners. A structural equation mediation model (SEM) was estimated using a time frame of 15 years (1998–2013). To reduce the selection bias, propensity score matching (PSM) was performed prior to the estimation of the SEM. Results indicate that the subsidy had a significant effect on land use changes, as it increases forest plantations and replaces pastures primarily, but also crops and native forest to a lesser extent. In addition, beneficiaries of the subsidy had a marginal increase in off-farm income not explained by the increase in forest plantation.  相似文献   

4.
郯城县农村生活能源消费属性分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
该文以农村生活能源消费为主线,以郯城县为研究案例,通过大量的实地调研与问卷调查,分析了郯城县农村生活能源消费现状及其经济、自然和环境属性结构.结果表明:商品能源、清洁能源、新能源消费比例均过半,清洁能源占总能耗的72.16%;劳动力机会成本较高,促进了该地商品能对秸秆等非商品能的替代;不可再生能源仍占有较大比例,且均为商品性能源,体现了能源消费水平虽较高,但能源消费结构不甚合理等特点.  相似文献   

5.
研究目的:基于“环境—努力”二元因素机会不平等理论,构建农地赋权与收入不平等的概念性分析框架,探索农地赋权影响农村内部收入不平等的作用机制,为实现农村经济均衡、增进民生福祉提供土地产权制度改革的政策启示。研究方法:OLS方法、分位数回归、中介效应模型。研究结果:(1)农地赋权显著降低家庭相对剥夺指数和村庄基尼系数,即抑制农村内部收入不平等,主要通过提高低收入农户群体收入水平发挥作用;(2)劳动力转移在农地赋权影响收入不平等的机制中起到传导作用;(3)家庭人力资本和政治资本的提升增强了农地赋权对收入不平等的作用机制。研究结论:在赋予和保障农民自由处置土地的权利的同时,应当完善非农就业市场和增加农村教育投资,促进农民非农就业。  相似文献   

6.
通过考虑空间溢出性,构建固定效应空间滞后模型,并利用2009—2014年省级面板数据研究农地征收、农地流转对农民人均收入的影响。研究发现:农地征收面积每提高1%,农民人均收入将会降低0.039%,表明农地征收会降低农民人均收入;农地流转面积每提高1%,农民人均收入将会提高0.011%,表明农地流转有利于农民收入的提高。因此农地在征收过程中,应提高土地补偿费及农民就业能力,保障农民利益不受损,同时积极稳妥推进农地有序流转,形成规模经营。  相似文献   

7.
目的 土地流转是深化农村土地制度改革的重要探索,是解决农村贫困问题的重要路径,以土地流转为抓手对进一步实施乡村振兴战略具有重要意义。方法 文章基于2018年4 445份中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,从收入和贫困脆弱性两个维度入手,构建可行广义最小二乘法(FGLS)模型并运用倾向得分匹配(PSM)法分析土地流转的减贫效应及其异质性。结果 (1)在收入维度下,土地流转户的家庭收入水平相比未流转户高12.07%,其中受教育程度、家庭规模和工资水平的差异是影响农户家庭收入增加的关键因素;(2)在贫困脆弱性维度下,土地流转户的贫困脆弱性比未流转户低5.13%,西部地区贫困脆弱性水平为0.419远高于中部和东部地区;(3)从土地流转方式来看,土地转出户的贫困脆弱性比土地转入户显著低0.018,通过PSM解决内生性问题后结果依然稳健。结论 加快健全土地经营权流转机制,根据不同地区、不同农户的土地流转特征出台针对性的相关政策,强化新型农业经营主体的带动作用,完善农村社会化服务体系。  相似文献   

8.
研究目的:分析家庭结构对农民流转土地意愿的影响,并揭示其内部机理的形成,以期为土地流转政策的完善提供参考。研究方法:因子分析法和结构方程模型。研究结果:(1)家庭人口特征、土地使用特征、户主个体特征及家庭决策特征4类外源潜变量会显著影响农地流转意愿;(2)可观测变量对外源潜变量的解释能力较强,其中,家庭总人口、实际经营及流转土地面积、户主年龄、家庭内部矛盾解决方式分别对这4类外源潜变量的解释能力相对较好,即家庭总人口越多、实际经营及流转土地面积越小、户主年龄越大、依赖于内部解决矛盾的家庭更愿意流转农地。研究结论:家庭结构主要通过主动依赖、扶养压力、收入偏好、农地保障、决策信息5种机理对流转意愿产生影响,未来土地流转政策的完善应重视解决这些问题。  相似文献   

9.
以辽宁省409户样本农户问卷调查为基础,采用描述性统计分析农户收入分化在农户年龄层次、受教育程度、家庭劳动力数量等方面的差异化特征,并运用二元Logistic回归模型分别讨论收入水平分化、收入结构分化、二者交互项对农户林地流转综合意愿、流入意愿、流出意愿的差异化影响。结果表明:农户收入水平分化对林地综合流转意愿、林地流入意愿具有显著正向影响;农户收入结构分化对农户林地流出意愿具有显著正向影响;农户收入水平分化与结构分化交互项对农户林地综合流转意愿、林地流出意愿具有显著正向影响。因此,需要关注农户收入分化因素;做好收入分化因素的有效识别;充分认识收入分化因素对农户林地流入与流出意愿的差异影响;把握分化特征,有针对性提高林地流转意愿。  相似文献   

10.
Land transfer in rural areas and labor migration from rural areas to cities are both becoming common in China due to the increasing development of the non-agricultural sector resulting from rapid urbanization. Many rural labours who migrated to cities left their land in rural areas, and in most cases, this land was abandoned. To make full use of abandoned land in rural areas, the central government in China has formulated policies to promote rural land transfer, but rural land transfer still lags far behind labor migration in China. Drivers of rural land transfer still need to be explored. In addition, the labor migration scale shows dynamic features as the labor migration of more family members is substituted for that of individuals recent years. Thus, the phased feature of household labor migration should be taken into consideration to examine the phased influence of the labor migration scale on rural land transfer. Considering the probability threshold effect of the impact of labor migration on rural land transfer, a threshold model was used to perform the empirical analysis. Based on the threshold model and CHARLS 2015 data, this study empirically analysed the impact of the labor migration scale on rural land transfer. On the national level, labor migration will significantly promote rural land transfer if it is less than or equal to 0.125, but when it is greater than 0.125, its impact on land transfer is not significant. On the basis of the spatial differentiation of rural land transfer, four regions were divided to do the regional threshold regression analysis. On the regional level, the thresholds of labor migration scale of the central region, the east region and the west region are 0.112, 0.221 and 0.133 respectively, and there is no threshold in the north region. The results show that labor migration have a phased impact on rural land transfer in China and policies should be targeted to different labor migration phases and different regions.  相似文献   

11.
研究目的: 找出集体建设用地流转的关键所在,为集体建设用地流转制度的创新提供借鉴。研究方法:三方博弈模型。研究结果:地方政府、农村集体组织、用地企业三方博弈均衡结果取决于风险成本、交易成本、收益分成比例等参数的大小;上述参数值的大小受地方政府政策取向的影响。研究结论:土地收益的合理分配是集体建设用地流转的核心,降低交易成本是流转的重点。  相似文献   

12.
首先对乌龙茶消费者体验、消费者满意、转换成本、品牌忠诚进行定义,构建了乌龙茶消费者品牌忠诚形成机理的概念模型,并运用福州乌龙茶消费者的问卷调查进行实证检验。实证结果表明:乌龙茶消费者体验对消费者满意和转换成本都具有显著正向影响;乌龙茶消费者满意和转换成本都对其品牌忠诚具有显著正向影响。  相似文献   

13.
[目的]基于安徽省蚌埠市的调研数据,实证研究土地流转补贴政策对土地转出的影响,分析土地流转补贴政策效用。[方法]文章根据国内外相关研究成果,结合调研地区的具体环境因素,提出研究假设,选取农户的家庭人口特征、社会经济特征和土地资源禀赋等变量,构建回归模型,运用SPSS统计软件分析农户土地转出的影响因素及土地流转补贴政策的效用。[结果]直接影响农户土地转出的因素包括非农就业、非农收入、农民离乡进城务工条件和土地资源禀赋等,农民获得的土地流转补贴占家庭总收入的比重非常小,对农户转出土地的意愿起不到显著促进作用。[结论]因此,促进土地有序流转必须把土地流转补贴等财政扶持资金转移到基本生产设施的建设上,改善农业生产经营条件,增强新型农业经营主体的土地转入积极性;通过创造非农就业机会,增加非农收入,完善农村社会保障服务体系,促进农民工市民化等措施,弱化农民对土地的依赖,从而增强农民转出土地的积极性。  相似文献   

14.
研究目的:分析农民分化对农地流转意愿的影响效应。研究方法:结构方程模型(SEM)。研究结果:(1)农民分化特征对农地流转意愿的影响在5%水平上显著,而且农民分化特征每提高一个单位,农户农地流转意愿就会增加0.634个单位;(2)在反映农民分化的三个可观测变量中,职业分化和经济分化程度每提高一个单位,农户进行农地流转的概率就会分别增加0.394和0.358个单位;(3)反映其他潜变量的可观测变量中,年龄、文化程度、是否具有非农就业技能、家庭农业劳动力人数、对农地产权稳定性的认知、流转地在养老保障中的作用和是否参加社会养老保障等变量对农地流转意愿具有显著影响效应。研究结论:农地流转政策要注意区分不同阶层农民特点,积极促进农民各阶层职业结构的合理化,逐步实现城乡一体化的社会保障制度,弱化土地的社会保障职能。  相似文献   

15.
    
Cropland abandonment has emerged as a prevalent phenomenon in the mountainous areas of China. While there is a general understanding that this new trend is driven by the rising opportunity cost of rural labor, rigorous theoretical and empirical analyses are largely absent. This paper first develops a theoretical model to investigate household decisions on farming scale when off-farm labor market is accessible and there is heterogeneity of farmland productivity and distribution. The model is capable of explaining the hidden reasons of cropland abandonment in sloping and agriculturally less-favored locations. The model also unveils the impacts of heterogeneity of household labor on fallow decisions and the efficiency loss due to an imperfect labor market. The model is empirically tested by applying the Probit and Logit estimators to a unique household and land-plot survey dataset which contains 5258 plots of 599 rural households in Chongqing, a provincial level municipality, in Southwest China. The survey shows that more than 30% of the sample plots have been abandoned, mainly since 1992. The econometric results are consistent with our theoretical expectations. This work would help policy-makers and stakeholders to identify areas with a high probability of land abandonment and farming practice which is less sustainable in the mountainous areas.  相似文献   

16.
湖南省5市农地流转对农户增收及收入分配的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究目的:从农户微观收入视角和收入差距变化视角,分析湖南省农村土地流转对不同参与农户增收及收入分配的影响。研究方法:统计分析法、多元线性回归模型和基尼系数测算法。研究结果:(1)农地流转有效增加了参与流转的农户家庭人均总收入,且转出户家庭人均收入的增长幅度高于转入户。(2)农地流转对转入户家庭人均收入、人均种植业收入增长具有显著正向影响的关键因素有家庭纯务农比例、单位面积土地收益、农业投入增加值;对转出户家庭人均收入、非农收入增长具有显著正向影响的关键因素有家庭在外打工比例、固定资产值、补偿金支付;其中土地流转面积和签订转租合同对流转户收入均具有显著正向影响。(3)家庭财富水平和人力资本水平的差异在农地流出后逐渐明显,拉大了转出户的收入差距;转入土地后农户家庭实现规模化经营和生产效益的增值,使转入户的收入差距缩小。研究结论:应针对不同类型农户制定差异化的政策,积极引导农户进行土地流转,提高流转效率,促进农户增收,缩小农户收入差距。  相似文献   

17.
目的 乡村振兴离不开农民参与,农民工作为农民群体的一部分,分析其迁移决策的形成机制并给予合理的行为引导是乡村振兴战略实施的现实需要。方法 文章以计划行为理论为基础建立农民工迁移决策分析框架,结合实地调研数据,运用结构方程模型的方法,剖析农民工迁移决策的形成过程与各节点关键影响因素。结果 (1)反映社会压力的主观规范与反映农民工自身喜好程度的行为态度之间存在相互影响关系,反映农民工迁移阻碍的知觉行为控制与主观规范、行为态度之间影响较弱,农民工迁移意愿主要受行为态度与知觉行为控制影响。(2)来自农村社会的意见是农民工迁移决策过程中社会压力的主要来源,经济与福利因素是影响农民工行为态度的主要因素,而工作信息传导不畅、城镇生活保障缺失等则是农民工迁移的主要障碍。结论 未来应以产业布局为抓手,充分发挥各级政府与村委会的影响作用,对农民工迁移行为进行合理引导。  相似文献   

18.
研究目的:基于陕西榆阳区的农户调研数据,探讨“一户一田”耕地细碎化治理对农户收入的影响机制。研究方法:双重差分倾向得分匹配法。研究结果:(1)“一户一田”耕地细碎化治理通过产权重组和土地整治工程融合实现耕地集中连片和设施完善,进而促进农业新技术的应用、农业劳动力转移和农户生计的专业化分工,从而通过农业节本增效增收和非农就业增收实现农户收入提高;(2)实证发现“一户一田”耕地细碎化治理能够显著使农户的总收入提升2.103万元,其中农业收入提升0.483万元,非农收入提升1.620万元,亩均流转收入提升0.089万元;(3)“一户一田”耕地细碎化治理对收入水平高、劳动力数量多、耕地总面积大、地块数量多的农户收入增长更明显。研究结论:依托农村集体产权制度改革、全域土地综合整治、高标准农田建设等政策实践,统筹推进农地产权制度改革、土地流转和农田建设工程,协同改造“地”的空间形态,以加快耕地细碎化治理,促进新技术应用及人地关系协调,促进农户增收。  相似文献   

19.
目的 农民工作为农村人口的重要组成部分,其转移就业问题一直被各界高度关注。文章利用2011—2021我国31个省(市、区,未含香港、澳门和台湾省)的空间面板数据,探究农民工转移就业对农村居民收入的影响及其空间溢出效应。方法 结合前人研究成果和理论基础,分析农民工转移就业对农村居民收入的影响机制,通过莫兰检验验证农民工转移就业和农村居民收入空间相关性之后,再选取固定效应空间杜宾模型进行实证分析,并通过3种空间矩阵检验结果的稳健性。结果 (1) 发现农民工转移就业和农村居民收入具有明显的L—L、H—H集聚的空间特征,空间相关性显著;(2) 农民工转移就业与农村居民收入空间交互效应也显著;农民工转移就业对农村居民收入有显著的正向影响;(3) 农民工转移就业对农村居民收入具有显著的空间溢出效应。结论 重视农民工转移就业的空间溢出效应,进一步提高农民工受教育程度,加快农民工市民化进程,可促进农民工转移就业,进而有效提升农村居民收入水平。  相似文献   

20.
[目的]通过分析内蒙古自治区农地流转的现状,研究该区域农地流转对农户家庭收入的影响效应。[方法]以内蒙古3市为研究区,利用调研数据,并借助Logit模型分析农户农地流转影响因素,在此基础上,计算农户参与农地流转的倾向值得分,运用倾向值得分匹配法(PSM)计算了农地流转对农户家庭收入的影响效应。[结果](1)土地流转转入主要受户主年龄、家庭劳动力数量的影响,且为正向影响;土地流转转出主要受家庭人均资产价值的对数值、家庭非农收入占总收入比重、村庄经济发展水平和村庄土地流转价格的影响。(2)农地流转对农户家庭收入增长具有促进作用,较流转前而言,农地流转能够使转入户家庭收入有效增长0.202 0万元,使转出户家庭收入有效增长0.244 1万元,因此,农地流转对转出户家庭收入增长影响效应要大于转入户。[结论]农地流转对农户家庭收入增长具有促进作用,应根据区域农地流转实际情况,有针对性采取相关措施,鼓励农户参与农地流转。  相似文献   

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