信贷约束和新生代农民工创业

产业兴旺的内源式发展需要充分挖掘并发挥广大农民的企业家精神.本文基于江西省1028位新生代农民工的微观数据,采取直接诱导法甄别了样本的信贷约束及其类型,使用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)实证检验了信贷约束对创业的影响,并利用马氏匹配法进行了稳健性检验.结果 表明,约59％的样本受到信贷约束,信贷约束会降低创业概率约16％,缓...     

Does land registration and certification boost farm productivity? Evidence from Ethiopia

According to economic theory, tenure security is an important determinant of agricultural investment and productivity. Land titling has been at the center stage of development efforts of many African countries to boost tenure security. We investigate the productivity impacts of the Ethiopian land registration and certification program, employing propensity score matching method in an effort to create a credible counterfactual. Consistent with theory, we find land registration and certification has robust positive effects on farm productivity. More tentatively, we identify the assurance effect as one probable channel for impact. Households with land certificates are more likely to adopt soil‐fertility management strategies on their plots than households without certificates.     

The impact of protected areas on the rural households’ incomes in Ethiopia

Protected areas are cornerstones for biodiversity conservation, yet they can be controversial because of their potential impact on the livelihoods of local people due to restrictions on agricultural land use and the extractive use of natural resources. This study evaluates the impact of PAs on households’ livelihoods, as measured by total household income (THI) and livestock income (LI). We use a survey and a quasi-experimental design to gather socioeconomic and biophysical data from households living within, adjacent to and outside three national parks (NPs) in Ethiopia and employ matching methods to isolate the impact of NPs. Our findings suggest that there is no evidence that the establishment of NPs adversely affects local livelihoods. Instead, we find that households within and in adjacent areas to NPs have higher incomes compared to those living outside. Understanding the heterogeneity of the effect of NPs on local livelihoods can help in designing well-targeted policy interventions that improve conservation goals while also addressing livelihood concerns of resource-dependent local communities.     

Land Tenure and the Adoption of Conservation Practices

We use a logit adoption model with data on 941 U.S. corn producers from the 1996 Agricultural Resource Management Study to analyze the influence of land tenure on the adoption of conservation practices. We extend previous analyses by distinguishing renters according to lease type and by distinguishing practices according to the timing of costs and returns. We find that cash-renters are less likely than owner-operators to use conservation tillage, but share-renters are not. Both cash-renters and share-renters are less likely than owner-operators to adopt practices that provide benefits only over the longer term (grassed waterways, stripcropping, and contour farming).     

Can technology help achieve sustainable intensification? Evidence from milk recording on Irish dairy farms

This article explores the potential of a farm technology to simultaneously improve farm efficiency and provide wider environmental and social benefits. Identifying these ‘win-win-win’ strategies and encouraging their widespread adoption is critical to achieve sustainable intensification. Using a nationally representative sample of 296 Irish dairy farms from 2015, propensity score matching is applied to measure the impact of milk recording on a broad set of farm sustainability indicators. The findings reveal that the technology enhances economic sustainability by increasing dairy gross margin and milk yield per cow. Furthermore, social sustainability is improved through a reduction in milk bulk tank somatic cell count (an indicator of animal health and welfare status). Conversely, milk recording (as it is currently implemented) does not impact farm environmental sustainability, represented by greenhouse gas emission efficiency. While the study shows that milk recording is a ‘win-win’ strategy, ways of improving current levels of utilisation are discussed so that milk recording achieves its ‘win-win-win’ potential in the future.     

农业产业组织能否影响农户安全生产行为——来自陕西省眉县500户猕猴桃种植户的证据

本文基于陕西省眉县500户农户的入户调研数据,运用Logit模型分析影响农户加入农业产业组织的诱因,采用倾向得分匹配(PSM)法测算农业产业组织对农户安全生产行为的影响效应,并比较影响效应在不同年龄、受教育程度、种植规模下的组群差异.研究发现,户主的年龄、农户参加安全质量培训次数、猕猴桃种植规模、对《农产品质量安全法》...     

Does Zero Tillage Improve the Livelihoods of Smallholder Cropping Farmers?

The biophysical benefits of zero tillage (ZT) are well documented in the literature. However, the literature on its economic benefits, especially in the context of small and medium‐scale farmers in the temperate developing world is scanty. Using a study of 621 wheat farmers in Syria, we provide empirical evidence on the impacts of adoption of ZT on farm income and wheat consumption. We use propensity score matching (PSM) and endogenous switching regression (ESR) approaches to account for potential selection biases. After controlling for confounding factors, we find that adoption of the ZT technology leads to a US$ 189/ha (33%) increase in net crop income and a 26 kg (34%) gain in per capita wheat consumption per year (adult equivalent) – an indication of meaningful changes in the livelihoods of the farm households. Besides the biophysical and environmental benefits documented elsewhere, our results suggest that adoption of ZT can also be justified on economic and food security grounds. Therefore, ZT can have sizeable impacts in transforming the agricultural sector in the temperate developing world provided that the technology is well promoted and adopted.     

政策性农业保险的收入效应分析——来自华中3省的微观调查

目的 农业保险具有防灾减灾的功能,是重要的农村金融工具,体现了惠农富农的政策导向。随着农业保险进入高质量发展阶段,从微观农户层面研究农业保险的收入效应具有重要的现实价值。方法 文章基于2019年湖北、湖南和河南3省808份微观调查数据,运用多元线性回归模型和分位数回归模型,系统分析了农业保险对农户农业收入水平的影响。结果 农业保险会显著增加农户的农业收入水平,在使用工具变量方法处理互为因果问题,PSM方法纠正选择性偏误,以及截尾和缩尾处理后,结论依旧稳健。农业保险对不同收入农户的作用效果存在显著的异质性,随着分位数水平的提高,农业保险的增收效果逐渐减弱。结论 为充分发挥农业保险的保收增收功能,从强政策宣传,提高保险密度与深度;加大财政支持力度,完善保险体系建设;以及实施倾斜性保费补贴和赔偿机制三方面提出相关政策建议。     

土地托管、绿色技术采纳行为对农业生产效率的影响

[目的]探究农户参与土地托管如何影响农业生产效率,以及绿色技术采纳行为如何在土地托管和生产效率间起作用,从而对有关土地托管研究的理论给予补充。[方法]文章以河南省305个农户数据为基础,运用DEA模型、倾向得分匹配法及中介效应检验研究了土地托管、绿色技术采纳行为对农业生产效率的影响效果。[结果]（1）土地托管比未托管农户农业生产效率平均高0.287,土地托管能有效提升农户的农业生产效率;（2）绿色技术采纳行为在土地托管对农业生产效率影响中起明显的中介作用,中介效应占比48.39%;(3)土地托管加剧了农户内部生产效率差异,土地规模和兼业化的差异是导致农业生产效率不同的主要原因。[结论]政府实施推广、补贴等政策应向土地托管倾斜,提升农户绿色技术采纳意愿,更好地发挥土地托管带动小农户提高效率,保障粮食安全问题,提高农业现代化水平。     

Effects of agricultural land consolidation on soil conservation service in the Hilly Region of Southeast China – Implications for land management

Land consolidation has a long history, and it has currently become one of the most extensive and well-organized human activities in China. Agricultural land consolidation (ALC) will change land use patterns, vegetation coverage, as well as the physical and chemical properties of soil through a series of engineering and biological measures that in turn affect the soil conservation service of ecosystems. This paper analyzes the effects of ALC on soil conservation service in the Hilly Region of Southeast China based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The main results were as follows: (1) ALC improved the soil conservation service of cultivated land; (2) variations in the soil conservation service were strongly related to rainfall, slope, area of newly converted cultivated land, earth volume of land leveling, earth volume of topsoil stripping and backfilling, reconstructed farm roads, newly built production roads, length of new irrigation systems, newly built drainage systems, number of new dams, and newly built revetments; (3) the newly established multiple regression models used in this paper could describe the relationship between the soil conservation service and significant impact factors. This study will help researchers to better understand the interactions between land management and ecosystem service provisioning as well as provide a scientific basis for policymakers as they put forward new land management policies.