Time-varying Armington elasticity and country-of-origin bias: from the dynamic perspective of the Japanese demand for beef imports

Elasticities of substitution, often called Armington elasticities, reflect incomplete substitutability because of perceived product characteristics. This study divides the determinants of the Japanese demand for beef imports into two factors: (i) substitution elasticity and (ii) country-of-origin bias, and demonstrate how these measurements are associated with trade policy and food scare events. The Japanese beef industry serves as a case study to evaluate the multifold impact of import liberalisation and a series of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) outbreaks. A time-varying parameter model is used to shed light on the dynamic effects of the import liberalisation and BSE outbreaks on the measurements. The estimation results reveal that the estimated substitutability and country-of-origin bias are very sensitive to the BSE cases, but not to the process of trade liberalisation. The results also confirm that as a result of the BSE outbreaks, the major factor of the Japanese demand for beef imports has changed from relative prices to the country-of-origin effect, thereby emphasising the importance of a traceability system and promotional activities, which would help in the formation of the country-of-origin effect.     

A cost-benefit analysis of a public labelling scheme of fish quality

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new method capable of evaluating the economic welfare for quality graded fish products using the hedonic price method for plaice in Denmark. Today, no labelling scheme exists for the final consumers of different qualities of fish. A scheme only exists at the first hand market. On this basis, a general applicable, theoretical and empirical method is developed to compare the costs and benefits of the hypothetical choice between the total absence of labelling and the presence of a public labelling scheme, which fully informs consumers on the quality and simultaneously allows the producers to differentiate prices between quality grades. It is shown that the economic welfare associated with a public labelling scheme is at minimum €263,000. Sensitivity analysis shows that this result is robust. The policy implication is that a public labelling scheme should not be implemented as the demand and cost functions have low elasticities, implying that the welfare gain is low.     

A Meta-analysis of the Willingness to Pay for Cultural Services from Grasslands in Europe

We investigate the willingness to pay (WTP) for cultural ecosystem services from grasslands using a meta-analysis based on 32 eligible research papers that provide in total 79 estimates. The average WTP (corrected for purchasing power) across these studies is 38 Euros per person per year. Yet, our analysis reveals that the transfer of these results needs careful evaluation. More specifically, it is essential to frame the monetary valuation exercise in relation to the direction of grassland change. A switch from cropland to grassland reduces WTP by 90 Euros while an increase in less-intensive land-use in mountain regions raises WTP by 53 Euros. We conclude that for an adequate consideration of grasslands in holistic ecosystem services assessments, the direction of grassland change is important.     

Introduction to the special issue on spatial analysis for agricultural economists

The goal of this special issue is to introduce agricultural economists to new analytical approaches involving spatial data. This paper provides a brief history of the special issue and an introduction to von Thünen's model of the determinants of land use and rent that underlies all spatial analysis.     

An analysis of the impact of swine CAFOs on the value of nearby houses

The impact of 39 swine confined or concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) in Black Hawk County, Iowa on 5,822 house sales is explored by introducing a new variable that more accurately captures the effects of prevailing winds, exploring potential adverse effects within concentric circles around each CAFO, managing selection bias, and incorporating spatial correlation into the error term of the empirical model. Large adverse impacts suffered by houses that are within 3 miles and directly downwind from a CAFO are found. Beyond 3 miles, CAFOs have a generally decreasing adverse impact on house prices as distance to the CAFO increases.     

舟山市海洋文化产业发展的SWOT分析

海洋文化产业作为新的产业形态,是海洋文化与海洋经济高度融合的产业,对充分发挥舟山海洋文化资源优势,推动舟山海洋产业转型升级,提升海洋文化名城的综合竞争力具有重要意义。在分析舟山海洋文化产业具有的优势和劣势,以及其发展面临的机遇与挑战的基础上,论文提出了制定战略规划、谋划空间布局、确定重点领域、建立产业基地、建设重点项目等建议以促进舟山海洋文化产业健康发展。     

上海远洋渔业发展的SWOT—PEST分析

目前。上海市政府已把远洋渔业列为经济发展的“重头戏”之一,面临着科技进步和近海资源退化的现实,提高上海远洋渔业产业的整体水平和竞争力具有较强的现实意义。本文根据上海远洋渔业产业发展轨迹,通过实践调研与相关课题支撑,运用SWOT—PEST分析矩阵对上海远洋渔业产业发展的战略环境因素进行分析,对上海远洋渔业产业发展的战略进行了系统地探讨,研究指出应从保障政府推动的有效性、发挥市场拉动的重要性与把握并完善产业发展的助动力三个层面进行战略选择。     

泰安市可持续发展能力综合分析

依托系统分析的整体框架,将可持续发展划分为经济发展、社会发展、资源环境和人口发展4个子系统,并构建出可持续性发展能力指标体系,由专家评议得出各指标要素分值标准,以泰安市为例,分析并测算其可持续发展能力,对其可持续发展能力方面存在的问题做出了简要分析,并据此提出增强泰安市可持续性发展能力和建设生态市的五大战略对策。     

西安市会展旅游开发的SWOT分析及对策

会展旅游是一种专业性强,产品附加值高,赢利能力强的专项旅游产品;用SWOT方法,分析了西安市开发会展旅游的优势、劣势、面临的机遇和挑战;提出了西安市会展旅游开发的5项对策。     

基于能值分析的徐州生态经济系统可持续性评价

以徐州为研究对象,在2002-2006年生态经济系统能值流计算的基础上建立能值指标体系,分析系统内社会、经济和生态子系统之间的数量关系;结果表明,近几年系统净能值产出率远大于1,说明生产效率保持在一个很高的水平;环境负荷率一直在较高水平波动,最大时为江苏省的3倍,说明系统高强度的能值使用给环境带来了巨大压力;能值/货币比率的下降、以及能值密度和人均能值用量不断上升,进一步证明了区域经济发展水平及城市化程度的提高;可持续发展性能指标整体呈下降趋势,表明系统可持续发展性能逐年减弱。     

Determining strategies for the cadastre 2034 vision using an AHP-Based SWOT analysis: A case study for the turkish cadastral and land administration system

This study aimed to identify the current land management and cadastre system in Turkey and determine the most appropriate strategy for integrating the current structure with the principles of the Cadastre 2034 vision. In this work, the legal, institutional, and technical (LIT) status of the existing land management and cadastre system in Turkey was determined using a method based on Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Initially, the advantages or weaknesses of the existing land management and cadastre system in Turkey in terms of LIT aspects, opportunities, and threats arising from the external environment were determined by the SWOT matrix. Then, the information obtained concerning the existing land management and cadastre system in Turkey using this matrix was integrated into AHP and the most appropriate strategy was determined in terms of LIT aspects. For the existing land management and cadastre system in Turkey, from the legal point of view, the best strategy with a weighting of 30% was to ‘update the land administration legislation according to the conditions of the day’. The best strategy in terms of institutionalization was to ‘disseminate in-vocational training for the training of qualified personnel (28% weighting)’ and the best strategy from the technical perspective was identified as, ‘the use of technical and technologically advanced measurement techniques in spatial data collection (38% weighting)’. The goal in implementing the AHP-Based SWOT method is to improve the quantitative information basis of strategic planning processes. So, SWOT provides the basic outline within which to perform an analysis of the decision situation, and the AHP assists in carrying out SWOT more analytically and in elaborating the analysis so that alternative strategic decisions can be prioritised.     

基于SWOT分析的环鄱阳湖旅游地质资源开发对策探讨

环鄱阳湖周边旅游地质资源十分丰富,包括地貌旅游地质资源、水体旅游地质资源和地质遗迹景观资源三大类。通过对环鄱阳湖的旅游地质资源开发进行SWOT分析,进而提出了开发对策,以期对构建环鄱阳湖生态旅游圈有所帮助。     

A Meta‐Analysis on the Elasticity of Demand for Pesticides

There is an increasing policy interest in pesticide taxation schemes as a measure to reduce harmful effects of pesticide use. The effectiveness of such tax depends, however, on the price elasticity of demand for pesticides. Moreover, information on these demand elasticities and their determinants is of crucial relevance for policy‐making and normative modeling approaches. In this article, we present a meta‐analysis based on studies that have estimated pesticide demand elasticities in Europe and North America. Our meta‐analysis reveals that the own‐price elasticities of demand for pesticides are, with a median of ?0.28, significantly smaller than zero, but also significantly larger than ?1, i.e. to be inelastic. We find that the demand for pesticides for special crops is less elastic than that for arable and grassland. In addition, the demand for herbicides is more elastic than for other pesticides. Studies that consider only short‐term horizons and little flexibility for farmers to adjust to price changes generate significantly less elastic pesticide demands. The results also indicate that more recent studies identify lower pesticide price elasticities of demand. Furthermore, we find that peer‐reviewed studies tend to find more inelastic results compared to grey literature.     

大湘西旅游圈SWOT分析与发展策略

随着旅游区之间激烈的竞争,那些具有地理位置邻近、旅游资源互补、旅游发展方向一致的旅游目的地正进行区域旅游合作;以大湘西旅游圈为例,分别从内部角度和外部角度来分析大湘西旅游圈的发展环境;提出大湘西旅游圈的发展战略、发展对策等。     

Context sensitive policy instruments: A multi-criteria decision analysis for safeguarding forest habitats in Southwestern Finland

Environmental and conservation decisions are often complex, which results in complexity also in policy assessments. Conservation decisions have implications for different stakeholders and typically draw on multidisciplinary knowledge bases, incorporating natural, physical and social sciences, politics and ethics. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is a potentially important tool for supporting conservation policy decisions. This article reports a spatially referenced MCDA of policy instrument scenarios for conserving forest biodiversity in Southwestern Finland. The effects of the realistic policy instruments designed in dialogue with stakeholders included voluntary permanent conservation, enforced spatially concentrated permanent conservation, voluntary permanent conservation with active nature management, and voluntary temporary conservation. These instruments were compared by combining forest-owner survey, MCDA and ex ante impact evaluation. The main objective was to find the forest biodiversity conservation instrument that would produce the highest total benefit. The effects of the different instruments were evaluated with ecological, economic, social, and institutional criteria after a 20-year time period. The results showed minor differences between the instruments, with voluntary permanent and voluntary temporary conservation producing the largest total benefit. Despite the small differences, the analysis was robust in showing that voluntary instruments were more favourable than enforced permanent conservation.     

基于SWOT分析的水库移民专业合作社发展战略选择

为保持水库移民专业合作社可持续发展能力,在对N省L水库工程移民村和N工程移民村8个水库移民专业合作社实证分析的基础上,运用SWOT分析法对影响水库移民专业合作社发展的优势、劣势、机遇、威胁进行描述分析,认为水库移民专业合作社仍处于发展的初级阶段,机遇与挑战并存,应采取夯实基础型发展战略,即在充分利用外部机会、克服内部劣势的基础上,采取加强内部建设、政府宏观支持等举措促进水库移民专业合作社的健康发展。     

Exploring agricultural advice networks,beneficial management practices and water quality on the landscape: A geospatial social-ecological systems analysis

Agricultural practices have been linked to detrimental effects on ecosystems, with water quality of particular concern. Research has been devoted to understanding uptake of beneficial, or best, management practices (BMPs) in agriculture; however, sources of advice and subsequent effects on the landscape have not been elucidated. This study set out to understand (1) what sources of information agricultural producers rely on when making land-management decisions; (2) the characteristics of their advice networks; and (3) how the advice network linked spatially to water quality on the landscape. A watershed in Alberta was used as a case study and respondents identified that regional advisors were relied upon most often for advice and these advisors had the most influence on the adoption of BMPs. Results indicate that respondents with connections to regional actors implemented more BMPs that those without. Regional government actors had a greater effect than regional non-governmental actors. Local actors played a lesser role in advice networks related to BMP adoption. A 3D geovisualization was used to explore linkages among advisors, BMPs, and water quality. This technique may be useful for other scenarios and can contribute to policy development and enhanced practices.