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1.
This paper evaluates whether different labor market policy interventions taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have been effective in reducing its adverse impacts. We construct a database covering 165 countries and 39 labor market interventions grouped into four pillars: stimulating the economy and jobs (pillar 1); supporting enterprises, employment, and incomes (pillar 2); protecting workers (pillar 3); and social dialogue (pillar 4). The results revealed that measures taken under pillars 1, 2, and 3 have reduced the impacts of the pandemic on economic growth; measures under pillar 4 were significantly associated with reducing its impacts on employment and those under pillar 2 with reducing its impacts on working hours. 相似文献
2.
Stephen Malpezzi 《Contemporary economic policy》2023,41(1):9-40
The global SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pandemic has disrupted public health, economies, and housing markets since early 2020. The shock has called forth a number of policy responses, such as moratoria on foreclosures and evictions, attempts to regulate rents and prices, and a range of subsidies on both supply and demand sides. This paper reviews the state of housing markets and discusses the expected efficacy of alternative policy measures taken or contemplated. Recognizing the provisional nature of any paper written during a large and durable ongoing shock, suggestions for additional research are provided. 相似文献
3.
新冠疫情引发了全球价值链（GVC）的破坏性结构重构,增强系统应对未来突发事件冲击的韧性成为重构的主要方向。本研究以松散耦合理论为基础,聚焦分析GVC结构形态及其与系统韧性的联动,识别GVC以结构重构来提升系统韧性进而响应突发事件冲击的演化模式,对GVC松散耦合结构在新冠疫情冲击下产生响应性演化的机制做出理论性解释。本文基于现实GVC系统结构正在发生破坏性重构的判断,在提炼“系统结构重构+系统韧性提升”共演模式的同时,指明GVC的未来高级存在形态是更具韧性的商业生态系统。为加速此类新型GVC的构建,本研究对更具韧性商业生态系统典型结构特征进行了剖析,以阐释其涌现过程及其长期性,识别出具体的涌现路径,并依此为中国企业和政府携手推进更具韧性商业生态系统涌现提供借鉴与实践指导。 相似文献
4.
The COVID-19 outbreak has affected everyday lives worldwide. As governments started to implement confinement and business closure measures, the economic impact was felt by entire societies immediately. The urgency of such a theme has led researchers to study the phenomenon. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to provide the state of the art on relevant dimensions and hot topics of research to understand the economic impacts of COVID-19. In this survey, we conduct a text mining analysis of 301 articles published during 2020 which analyzed such economic impacts. By defining a set of relevant dimensions grounded on existing literature, we were able to extract a set of coherent topics that aggregate the collected articles, characterized by the predominance of a few sets of dimensions. We found that the impact on “financial markets” was widely studied, especially in relation to Asia. Next, we found a more diverse range of themes analyzed in Europe, from “government measures” to “macroeconomic variables.” We also discovered that America has not received the same degree of attention, and “institutions,” “Africa,” or “other pandemics” were studied less. We anticipate that future research will proliferate focusing on several themes, from environmental issues to the effectiveness of government measures. 相似文献
5.
Individuals’ risk attitudes play an important role in economic decision making and policy evaluation, particularly in the midst of unprecedented uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We adopt a multiple-price-list elicitation method with real money incentives to measure precisely individuals’ risk attitudes at different stake levels and the extent to which they are affected by personal and social shocks following the COVID-19 outbreak in China. We find that subjects who had previously experienced negative personal shocks are more risk-averse at medium and large stakes but more risk loving at very small stakes. For our sample, COVID-19 has no significant impact on risk attitudes, as it is more likely to be regarded as a social shock. The result indicates that the impact of COVID-19 on individual risk attitudes is not as influential as expected, unless the individual’s personal life is affected directly. 相似文献
6.
Kuamvi Sodji 《Review of Development Economics》2023,27(2):1113-1134
Globally, the outbreak of COVID-19 and the associated containment measures adopted by governments are causing disruptions that sow uncertainty in several sectors of the economy. In this study, we explore the asymmetric impact of pandemic uncertainty and global trade policy on food prices in Togo. The study uses a nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag (NARDL) framework and causality tests for the period 2000 M1–2021 M5. The results show that the different types of uncertainty affect food price stability in the short and long run, but the shock is more pronounced in the case of pandemic uncertainty, as they are sudden and disrupt food price stability. The main findings remain significant when we use various alternative methods and estimation techniques. However, our results suggest that the Togolese food market is facing pandemic uncertainty and trade policy, which should lead policymakers and stakeholders to take corrective measures to control losses. 相似文献
7.
Qichun He 《Frontiers of Economics in China》2020,15(4):626
In this paper, following Blanchard and Fischer (1989), I investigate how the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic—the increase in the probability of death—may affect growth and welfare in a scale-invariant R&D-based Schumpeterian model. Without money, the increase in the probability of death has no effect on long-run growth and a negative effect on welfare. By contrast, when money is introduced via the cash-in-advance (CIA) constraint on consumption, the increase in the probability of death decreases long-run growth and welfare under elastic labor supply. Calibration shows that the quantitative effect of an increase in the probability of death on welfare is much larger compared to that on growth. 相似文献
8.
Sandra H. Goff John Ifcher Homa Zarghamee Alex Reents Patrick Wade 《Contemporary economic policy》2023,41(2):243-261
We study the COVID-19 pandemic's effect on government and market attitudes using within-subject comparisons of survey responses elicited before and after the onset of the pandemic. We find that participants develop significantly less favorable opinions toward government and markets; and that participants increase support for bigger government significantly and for redistribution, in general, marginally significantly. There is no evidence this leads to an increase in support for specific redistributive policies, nor for government to play a larger role in specific functions. Our results echo the stubbornness of American preferences for redistribution and suggest the presence of a principle-implementation gap. 相似文献
9.
This paper estimates the economic impact of the non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented by countries in Europe and Central Asia during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis relies on daily electricity consumption, nitrogen dioxide emission and mobility records to trace the economic disruptions caused by the pandemic and calibrate these measures to estimate the magnitude of the economic impact. To address the potential endogeneity in the introduction of NPIs, we instrument their stringency by the extent of a country's social ties to China. The results suggest that the NPIs led to a decline of about 10% in economic activity across the region. On average, countries that implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions in the early stages of the pandemic appear to have better short-term economic outcomes and lower cumulative mortality, compared with countries that imposed non-pharmaceutical interventions during the later stages of the pandemic. Moreover, there is evidence that COVID-19 mortality at the peak of the local outbreak has been lower in countries that acted earlier. In this sense, the results suggest that the sooner non-pharmaceutical interventions are implemented, the better are the economic and health outcomes. 相似文献
10.
David Gray 《European Journal of Political Economy》1996,12(4):685-708
There are government programs which provide supplemental adjustment assistance benefits to displaced workers in designated industries. Appealing to the ‘gains from trade’ with income redistribution theory, this paper analyzes the link between the adjustment costs of displaced workers and their former sector of employment. These costs are measured by French data on the mean duration of joblessness of laid-off workers. Empirical evidence is found which confirms the hypothesis that workers displaced from traditional manufacturing and resource industries suffer particularly high losses stemming from unemployment. These effects may be tied to workings of internal labour markets. 相似文献
11.
应用分层定额抽样的方法对四城市800户属于当地医疗救助制度救助对象的家庭进行问卷调查,对收集的数据和信息进行定量与定性分析,了解现阶段城市贫困人口医疗救助制度实际覆盖家庭的卫生服务需求状况及其影响因素。调研家庭由于健康水平差,对卫生服务需要量较大,但有大量的卫生服务需要未能转化为实际需求,其影响因素为医疗保障、家庭收入、教育和家庭健康状况。对城市医疗救助制度的完善提出了政策建议。 相似文献
12.
中小微企业融资难、融资贵是世界性难题,银行信贷融资是其外部融资的重要来源,但目前过低的融资规模制约了其缓解融资难的有效发挥,如何提升中小微企业的银行信贷融资成为学术界的研究难点。金融科技的迅猛发展是否对解决该难点有所助益？本文以2011—2020年新三板企业为样本对该问题进行考察,研究发现：(1)金融科技能显著提升中小微企业信贷资源获取,该结论在考虑内生性和稳健性检验后依然成立;(2)机制分析表明,金融科技能够通过降低信息不对称、促进商业信用融资以及加剧银行业竞争等渠道显著促进中小微企业的信贷获取;(3)异质性分析表明,金融科技对信贷获取的促进作用在货币政策紧缩时期、信用环境较差地区、中西部地区、融资约束较高、产权性质为非国有以及抵押能力较弱的企业中表现得更加明显;(4)进一步研究表明,金融科技能够降低借贷成本;相对于短信贷期限结构企业,金融科技对于长信贷期限结构企业的正向影响更为明显。本文的研究结论支持了金融科技的长尾效应和普惠性,也为中小微企业获取更多信贷资源,缓解融资难题提供了有效路径。 相似文献
13.
This paper considers the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on long-term individual lifetime consumption profiles. The framework for the analysis is a model that extends Strulik (2021) to include the government sector, where time preference is determined by individual health damage (deficit) distinct from normal aging. Thus, the health damage caused by COVID-19 changes the rate of time preference and consequently affects the Euler equation for consumption. Our theoretical contribution is the consistent incorporation of public health investment into the existing model to understand the effect of government measures against a pandemic. Numerical analysis based on this model is used to estimate changes in health status over time, trends in the rate of time preference, and individual lifetime consumption profiles, taking into account differences in age at the time of the pandemic and the nature of the government responses. Because the long-term negative economic impact would be enormous, we should avoid advocating for “living with COVID-19” without due consideration. The reopening of the economy must be accompanied by a commitment to the containment and elimination of infections with future novel coronaviruses. 相似文献
14.
In this paper, we argue that the roles of public policies concerning COVID-19 can be better understood in light of the past discussions on the Great Inflation of the 1970s and the 1980s. Like the Phillips Curve in macroeconomics, the pandemic presents a trade-off between economic activities and something undesirable, which is, in this case, infection. Like the Phillips Curve, this apparent output-infection trade-off is an elusive one and it is lost in the long run. Containing infections calls for decisive policy action. This paper shows that we could design a reaction function, which sets the level of economic activity as a function of the state of infection, in such a way that the possibility of an infection explosion would be eliminated. Our empirical analysis suggests that Tokyo, New York, and London since September 2020 do not satisfy this desirable property. 相似文献
15.
The global COVID-19 pandemic caused various economic contraction in most countries, including all of China’s major trading partners. Using a difference-in-differences model, this study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on China’s monthly exports from January 2019 to May 2020. We find strong and robust evidence that China’s exports to countries at high risk from the pandemic experienced a larger decline than exports to low-risk countries after the onset of the pandemic, with the prices of exports increasing significantly. Furthermore, the results of a triple differences model show heterogeneous effects across different industries and goods. Chinese industries located upstream in the global value chain are more vulnerable than those located downstream. Industries with high labor and contract intensity (proxies for processing trade) experienced greater declines than other industries. Exports of goods with high import elasticity of substitution experienced higher prices and moderate volume losses due to the pandemic. 相似文献
16.
Jahangir Alam 《中国经济评论(英文版)》2020,(3):82-90
Coronavirus disease(COVID-19)is an highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus.Most people infected by the COVID-19 virus wil... 相似文献
17.
We study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic shock on household consumption in China. Using household survey data, we find that the proportion of liquidity-constrained households increases quickly, but the constraint levels vary across distinct groups. We build a heterogeneous agent life cycle incomplete market model to analyze the long-run and short-run effects of the pandemic shock. The quantitative results reveal a slow recovery of consumption due to three reasons: hiking unemployment rate, declining labor productivity, and worsening income stability. The hiking unemployment rate plays the key role in households’ consumption reduction since it simultaneously leads to a negative income effect and upsurging precautionary saving motives. Our paper highlights the importance of maintaining a stable labor market for faster recovery. 相似文献
18.
This paper discusses the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on population health in Asian countries. Compared to European countries, Asian countries, in general, experienced much fewer COVID-19 cases and deaths. The underlying factors in this difference would include the earlier and more stringent nonpharmaceutical interventions, differences in the age structure, the geographical characteristics in Asia, and the experience of past outbreaks of emerging diseases, though further studies are needed to investigate the exact mechanisms. Still, regarding the aim of developing resilient health care systems, there remain several lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic experience in Asian countries that could inform more effective management of future pandemics. 相似文献
19.
文章使用2016-2017年贵州省毕节市286个烟农调研数据,以烟草种植计划调减为例,分析区域产业帮扶对不同贫困类型烟农脱贫及减贫效果稳定性的影响。结果表明:烟农的烟叶种植面积增加能够显著降低烟农贫困发生,烟叶种植面积每增加1亩,烟农陷入收入贫困的风险将减少23.7%,烟叶资源更多地被非贫困烟农俘获,暂时性贫困烟农和持久性贫困烟农种植面积相对较少;烟叶种植面积减少会显著降低选择性贫困和持久性贫困烟农的户均纯收入,尤其是持久性贫困烟农,可能带来的致贫、返贫问题。因此,需要有效甄别不同贫困类型烟农,有选择、有预期地逐步执行缩减计划,并继续挖掘烟叶基础设施的增收能力和拓展产业帮扶措施,松绑贫困户对烟叶种植的依赖。研究表明,我国在落实精准扶贫和产业帮扶措施时,需因人施策和多措并举,规避产业帮扶措施调整对农户脱贫效果的不利影响。 相似文献
20.
个人和家庭特征对贫困的影响相对较小是中国农村贫困的一个显著特点。因此针对公共利益的公共投资对消除贫困和缩小地区差距具有重要意义。公共投资也需要讲究效益,本文在分析贫困者参与农村公共工程的成本收益和农村公共工程扶贫效益影响因素的基础上,总结出农村公共工程扶贫效益的总方程式。农村公共工程的效益从成本收益上看,是由贫困者参与农村公共工程的收益和成本来决定的;从影响因素上看。农村公共工程扶贫效益是农村公共工程的目标选择、位置效应、时间效应、覆盖面、漏出效应、挤出效应、资金使用效率及其他因素共同起作用的结果。可以通过提高公共投资资源的使用效率、增强贫困人口的脱贫意识等途径提高农村公共工程的效益。 相似文献