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1.
We identify the effects of greening vacant lots on nearby housing prices and show how neighborhood attributes matter to these outcomes. Using data from a longstanding program in Philadelphia, we find that prices for houses within 1,000 feet of a greened vacant lot rise by about 4%, consistent with the literature, with the effect size increasing over time. Using the extensive data available in Philadelphia, we show how these effects vary by the attributes of the neighborhood in which they occur, with larger effects in areas with a high share of vacant land and higher-than-average median household incomes, with peak responses estimated at 19% and 15%, respectively. We demonstrate the importance of sample selection bias adjustment for identification of the effect of vacant lot greening. 相似文献
2.
Increasing access to public transportation (including metro rail) can help alleviate traffic congestion and address climate and environmental priorities. Living close to a metro line may be especially important in terms of providing improved commuting options. However, proximity to metro lines can also be associated with negative externalities, such as noise and crime, that may make living near a station less desirable. One way to assess the net value that residents place on metro rail access is to examine how proximity to metro lines is capitalized into house prices. Using a hedonic spatial difference-in-differences model, we analyze the impact of proximity to the stations on the Gold and Expo Lines in Los Angeles, California, on nearby house prices. Our findings suggest that the capitalization effect is heterogeneous. Some residents value living near new metro stations, while others do not. Overall, our results provide evidence that the value residents place on metro rail access varies based on their income levels and other demographics. 相似文献
3.
Because cable television is the classic example of a bundled commodity, it is difficult to determine how consumers value individual cable networks offered on a typical system. This paper uses a modified hedonic framework to determine the marginal willingness to pay by consumers for individual cable networks. The traditional hedonic framework is adapted to allow for the lack of competition on the supply side of the market. It is clear that consumers do value some types of programming more than other types. Sports, news, and family programming all have positive implicit prices while program guides have negative marginal prices. 相似文献
4.
城市群视角下的产业共聚与产业空间治理:机器学习算法的测度 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
城市群是未来中国产业发展的主要空间载体与重要地理单元。本文在机器学习Wasserstein距离算法思想的基础上,运用矩阵扩张Sinkhorn算法和熵正则化约束法改进Wasserstein距离算法及其求解方式,通过假设检验与蒙特卡洛模拟构建产业共聚指数,测算中国城市群的产业共聚水平。测度结果发现,中国城市群同二位数行业内产业间的共聚水平大于跨二位数行业产业间共聚水平;经济相对落后的城市群表现出明显的产业共聚特征,同时技术密集型产业在上述城市群内部偏向共聚;2007—2013年间中国城市群产业空间共聚水平总体呈下降态势,不同城市群的演化模式存在差异。本文还利用产业共聚指数的方向性,分析了不同城市群产业空间核心产业的差异,绘制出城市群产业空间结构。对产业共聚影响因素的实证研究发现,投入产出关联、技术关联与规模差距对产业间共聚的影响显著为正,行业内部竞争水平从共聚和被共聚两个方向抑制产业间共聚趋势;城市群层面诸如政府规模等区域特征均与产业间共聚水平负相关。据此,本文提出了实施城市群产业空间治理的相应政策建议。 相似文献
5.
为符合国际惯例与适应市场经济的要求,我国工程造价行业正逐步推广工程量清单计价模式。论文主要从工程费用组成的角度详细分析了传统定额计价和工程量清单计价两种模式,从而明确了这两种计价模式的内在关系。同时阐明了我国工程造价改革的实质内容及核心意义,简要地指出了工程造价改革的发展趋势。为造价人员理解工程计价模式、把握造价改革实质、理清工作思路提供参考。 相似文献
6.
基于工程量清单计价模式的多维思考 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
《建设工程量清单计价规范》的出台与实施,改变了以工程预算定额为计价依据的计价模式,促进我国建筑企业早日适应国际规则。在分析目前《计价规范》推行中遇到的一些问题的基础上,对如何更好推行《计价规范》、参与各方的自我约束、加强监督管理等方面进行了探讨,提出了推动工程量清单计价模式健康实施的建议。 相似文献
7.
本文研究通过比较传统的净现值法、风险调整的净现值法以及实物期权法,研究在生物制药业项目开发阶段的价值评估的方法,说明风险调整的净现值法以及实物期权法是较好的研究生物制药项目价值评估的方法。 相似文献
8.
This study used contingent valuation method to shed light on public preferences on the multifunctional roles of the US agriculture and to present a holistic estimate of the economic value of the nonmarket goods and services of US agriculture. Contingent valuation survey instrument was administered to a sample composed from the Ipsos web-based panel. Fishbein’s model of reasoned behavior and mediation hypothesis were combined to model the relationship between WTP (behavioral intentions) and sets of explanatory variables including attitudes, perceived attributes (about family farms, farmland preservation programs, government involvement in agricultural markets, and ecological state of our world), and socio-demographic profiles. Results show that, while exerting a highly significant impact on WTP, attitudes mediate the effects of the attribute variables on WTP: i.e., the attributes influence WTP directly as well as indirectly through attitudes. The estimated mean WTP was $515 per taxpayer annually. Aggregating individual WTPs across the US taxpayers above 20 years old produces $105 billion, representing a crude estimate of the economic value that the US consumers place on the multifunctional roles of US agriculture. 相似文献
9.
随着全球化和信息化的迅猛发展,城市发展所需资源的竞争更加激烈。制定科学合理的发展战略,才能保证城市和区域持续快速发展。城市生态位作为城市发展战略的基础和核心,决定了城市的发展模式和发展方向。城市发展战略应该建立在城市资源空间的基础上,以提高城市生态位为目标,有效利用城市资源,实现城市的良性发展。 相似文献
10.
Felix Lorenz Jonas Willwersch Marcelo Cajias Franz Fuerst 《Real Estate Economics》2023,51(5):1178-1208
Machine Learning (ML) excels at most predictive tasks but its complex nonparametric structure renders it less useful for inference and out-of sample predictions. This article aims to elucidate and enhance the analytical capabilities of ML in real estate through Interpretable ML (IML). Specifically, we compare a hedonic ML approach to a set of model-agnostic interpretation methods. Our results suggest that IML methods permit a peek into the black box of algorithmic decision making by showing the web of associative relationships between variables in greater resolution. In our empirical applications, we confirm that size and age are the most important rent drivers. Further analysis reveals that certain bundles of hedonic characteristics, such as large apartments in historic buildings with balconies located in affluent neighborhoods, attract higher rents than adding up the contributions of each hedonic characteristic. Building age is shown to exhibit a U-shaped pattern in that both the youngest and oldest buildings attract the highest rents. Besides revealing valuable distance decay functions for spatial variables, IML methods are also able to visualise how the strength and interactions of hedonic characteristics change over time, which investors could use to determine the types of assets that perform best at any given stage of the real estate investment cycle. 相似文献
11.
What characteristics of a product’s local market make its withdrawal more likely? This study investigates the importance of intrafirm “cannibalization” of a product’s demand by products manufactured by the same firm versus interfirm competition from others’ products. While both forces impact product withdrawal, cannibalization has a more robust and significant effect. Hedonic price regressions also reveal higher discounting of older models’ quality-adjusted prices, strengthening the argument for caution when treating list prices as proxies for transaction prices. 相似文献
12.
设置暂估价在为工程建设提供方便的同时,也带来了很多问题.分析暂估价设置对发承包双方的影响,并基于发包人的角度,重点剖析暂估价在设置原则、质量把控、控制价确定等方面问题,提出了尽量减少暂估价设置、严格进行质量控制等应对策略. 相似文献
13.
企业智力资本计量问题研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
企业智力资本计量是目前国内外理论界和实业界正在探索的一个热点领域。迄今已初步形成了一些计量模式和方法,但这些模式和方法存在许多缺陷。因而很有必要在此基础上,进一步探索更为科学的计量模式和方法。从企业价值创造机理来看,可以采用“动态四分法”对智力资本进行科学地分类,然后进行计量与估价,进而得出一种由识别、诊断和结果构成的三步式的企业智力资本计量的框架结构。 相似文献
14.
促进高新技术企业创业成长是欠发达地区实现经济发展方式转变和跨越式发展的重要途径。发现欠发达地区高新技术企业培育机制与政策方面存在的薄弱环节并加以改进,对促进该地区高新技术企业的创立、成长与发展是极其必要的。本文以问卷调查和深度访谈的方法,从融资机制、财税政策、技术政策与机制、人才政策与机制、企业孵化政策与机制等方面对吉林省的高新技术企业培育问题进行全面分析,从而发现上述政策、机制的完善程度、执行到位情况,以及欠发达地区高新技术企业对于这些政策机制的需求程度。 相似文献
15.
New business models combined with a lack of objective operating data result in significant information asymmetry and uncertainty in the valuation of new firms in emerging markets. Information asymmetry increases the risks of both adverse selection and moral hazard. When traditional differentiators of firm quality are lacking, such as in emerging economic sectors, markets may turn to secondary information sources to filter and sort firms. We investigate the roles played by observable corporate governance characteristics as indirect indicators of new firms' potential qualitative differences. Markets may sort firms based on such characteristics because they are perceived to be correlated with desired but unobservable characteristics and actions and they lower the risks of both adverse selection and moral hazard. Our study of publicly traded U.S. Internet firms found that firm market valuation was strongly associated with corporate governance characteristics (e.g., executive and director stock‐based incentives, institutional and blockholder stock ownership, board structure, and venture capital participation). In addition, firm age moderated how markets used some quality proxies to determine firm valuation during the post‐IPO period. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
随着资本市场及经济全球化的不断深入发展,企业并购重组的大量涌现,企业价值评估日益受到人们的重视。上市公司价值评估是企业价值评估中的重要组成部分,但是由于企业价值的复杂性,使得采用任何单一的评估方法都会存在评估结果出现差异的问题,因此,如何使评估结果更加切合实际,是上市公司在企业价值评估中方法选择的重点。本文首先对企业价值的概念做了简要阐述,根据企业价值评估的目的及市场经济现状,笔者认为,应对上市公司企业价值评估采用现金流量折现法,并与非财务指标评估有机结合,突出核心人才、企业治理、创新能力和外部环境对企业价值的作用,以期为上市公司企业价值评估提供参考。 相似文献
17.
《招投标法》为合理低价中标原则提供了法律依据。实现建筑工程项目投标原则竞争中合理低价中标原则需要对现行建筑产品的计价模式进行改革。章分析了现行建筑产品计价模式的不足,借鉴国际通用作法,对建筑产品实行市场定价提出建议。 相似文献
18.
Consumer preferences for white maize in East and Southern Africa concerns developers of maize biofortified with provitamin A carotenoids, since carotenoids impart a yellow or orange coloration. Urban consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for yellow maize was estimated, using a semi-double-bounded logistic model, based on a survey of 600 maize consumers in Nairobi, Kenya, at posho mills, kiosks and supermarkets. Consumers showed a strong preference for white maize. Only a minority would buy yellow maize at the same price as white maize, and fewer consumers in the posho mills (24%) and kiosks (19%) than in the supermarkets (34%) would do so. On average, consumers need a price discount of 37% to accept yellow maize. This discount was less at the posho mills (35%) and kiosks (37%) than in the supermarkets (48%). Most respondents (76%) were aware of the existence of fortified meal and the generally showed an interest. The average premium for fortified maize was much less than the discount for yellow: 5.9% for those aware and 7.4% for those unaware. Consumer preferences were influenced by socioeconomic factors such as gender, education, income and ethnic background. Women have a stronger preference for both white maize and fortified maize than men, and consumers with more education have a stronger preference for white. Income decreases the WTP for yellow maize as well as the price elasticity, but increases the WTP for fortified maize. Consumers originating from Western Kenya have a lower preference for white, while those from Central Kenya had a stronger preference for fortified maize. 相似文献
19.
运用生态学和经济学方法进行了长春市水生态系统服务价值核算及其动态变化分析。结果表明,2010年长春市水生态系统服务总价值为17.80亿元,其中,资源功能价值(生物生产、水分供给、释放氧气)为10.42亿元,占58.54%;环境功能价值(污染净化、调蓄洪水、固定碳、养分积累、生物多样性保护)为6.55亿元,占36.80%;人文功能价值(旅游、健康)为0.83亿元,占4.66%。与1990年和2000年相比,长春市2010年水生态系统的资源功能价值所占比例升高,环境功能价值所占比例下降,人文功能价值所占比例升高。在城市发展过程中,不仅要科学利用水生态系统资源功能价值,还应进一步重视其环境功能价值和人文功能价值的实现。 相似文献
20.