A multi-criteria approach of assessing public transport accessibility at a strategic level

This paper presents an approach for accessibility categorization in areas where there is no extensive data available to run the conventional analysis. The presented method has the advantages of the lower data requirements and the utility of the results. Three benchmarks were selected to evaluate transit accessibility. The first one (transit coverage) investigates the spread of the service, and it is used to assess the percentage of people in a district that can access the service within a comfortable access distance. The second (transit supply) is an effectiveness measure of the magnitude of available infrastructures such as stops, or stations over the population or land area of the underlying region. The third (route diversity) represents the variety of routes to and from different areas via transit services. Various indicators were used to assess these benchmarks. Within the context of multi-criteria decision-making, TOPSIS (Technique of Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) allows the direct comparison of measures of different units, and it is used to evaluate the relative scores of the various districts' benchmark. A K-clustering method was used to numerically categorize the areas into five groups, reflecting on the criteria levels. A case study of Abu Dhabi city is used to demonstrate the details of the procedures. The detailed analyses were used to depict districts and corridors with particular deficiencies and as such suggesting remedy strategies. The method can help transit authorities identifying the most suitable types of facilities, infrastructure, or routes that a district may need to improve its accessibility.     

A multilevel approach of non-motorised accessibility in disused railway systems: The case-study of the Vasco-Navarro railway

The twentieth century witnessed the closure of many kilometres of railway lines that once came to structure their surrounding territory. Although nowadays many of them are converted in greenways, this paper supports that disused railway lines could also operate as non-motorised transport axes related to daily activities, organising their surrounding territory. In this regard, it is necessary to measure the potential of the line, studying the relations created between the disused line and its surrounding environment by means of non-motorised accessibility analyses. The presented methodology analyses accessibility around a linear system with a multilevel approach: regional, interurban and urban. Each approach provides results of different scales, but in turn provides results of the whole line areas, enabling the comprehension of the potentiality of the infrastructure as a non-motorised axis and the connection with its urban and rural environment. The proposed methodology has been applied in a case study, demonstrating the capability of non-motorised routes to structure the territory and attend several activities, giving rise to more sustainable transport.     

沪宁城际铁路站房项目管理的实践与思考

结合沪宁城际站房项目管理实际,分析项目管理特征和难点,通过倡导合作理念、把控合拍节奏、发挥合力优势、强化合成管理等途径和手段,实现沪宁城际站房建设管理的目标。     

高速铁路对区域经济协调发展的促进作用

中国人口多、人均资源少、经济社会发展不均衡,面临着资源短缺和生态环境恶化的压力。在中国主要运输通道建设高速铁路,将极大提高铁路运输能力的有效供给,为区域经济协调发展和可持续发展创造有利条件,同时有利于生产要素的快速流动与产业转移,有利于优化资源配置和形成新的产业带,将为沿线区域经济发展带来新的变革,为沿线经济发展带来新的契机。     

A PTAL approach to measuring changes in bus service accessibility

Accessible transport systems are essential to ensure equal opportunities for all people in society. The need for information about transport disadvantage is now a key policy requirement and previous studies have highlighted the need for tools to assess the impact of interventions on the bus network and the accessibility of the system. Geographical Information System (GIS) and ACCMAP enable the analysis of transport disadvantage and accessibility. This paper provides an analysis of the Citybus Network in Northern Ireland and assesses the spatial impact of a hypothetical network change on populations residing within the Citybus network area.     

关于铁路车站纵断面设计

由于车站纵断面与车站功能及规模没有直接联系,设计规范也只有取值范围,大部分设计要么取上限、要么取下限,设计中的问题往往被复杂的车站平面布置所掩盖。只有当车站标高与地面标高相差很大,工程艰巨,或者土石方超出常规的工程量时,才研究纵断面的合理性。实际上,车站纵断面除了从工程量、桥、隧或路基工点分析其合理性以外,更重要的是车站建成后纵断面对日常运营的影响,这是对作业效率更深层次的影响,影响长远且难以更正。对铁路车站纵断面设计进行深入的分析,以利于提高对车站纵断面设计的认识,掌握和处理好关键的问题。     

高速铁路综合接地技术

铁路接地技术是人身安全、设备安全的重要保障措施之一。随着我国高速铁路项目建设步伐的加快,以往分散的接地方式已不能适应高速铁路发展的需要。经过对国内外接地技术的研究、消化吸收和试验验证,提出高速铁路综合接地总体技术方案,建立系统标准体系,并确定为装备我国客运专线铁路的重要系统之一,目前已在京津城际,武广、郑西高速铁路及合宁、合武等客运专线广泛应用。     

Assessing transport related social exclusion using a capabilities approach to accessibility framework: A dynamic Bayesian network approach

Accessibility is considered to be a valuable concept that can be used to generate insights on issues related to social exclusion due to limited access to transport options. Recently, researchers have attempted to link accessibility with popular theories of social justice such as Amartya Sen's Capabilities Approach (CA). Such studies have set the theoretical foundations on the way accessibility can be expressed through the CA, however, attempts to operationalise this approach remain fragmented and predominantly qualitative in nature. In this study, a novel framework of expressing accessibility at the level of an individual is proposed, based on the basic elements of the CA. In particular, dynamic Bayesian networks are used to express the causal relationship between capabilities, functionings, personal and environmental characteristics. This is done by introducing informative Dirichlet prior distributions constructed using data from traditional mobility surveys, modelling the transition probabilities with data related to place based characteristics and defining an observation model from unlabelled mobility data and places of interest (POI). We demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed framework by assessing the equality levels and their link to transport related social exclusion of different population groups in London, using unlabelled, service provider generated mobility data.     

中国高速铁路路网规划研究

从国民经济、区域城镇一体化及可持续发展角度,论述发展高速铁路是中国经济社会又好又快发展的必然选择;在此基础上,介绍了中国高速铁路网规划战略目标、布局方案,并分析了中国发展高速铁路的环境条件。     

E-shoppers and multimodal accessibility to in-store retail: An analysis of spatial and social effects

Amidst the growing interest in enhancing the academic understanding of the relationships between e-shopping and transport, a key element remains underexplored – the impact of e-shopping on spatial accessibility to in-store retail. The paper studies variations in multimodal accessibility to in-store retail between e-shopper groups and the associated spatial effects. The research is based on a face-to-face questionnaire, administered in the city of Alcalá de Henares (Madrid Metropolitan Area, Spain), which provides data on socio-economic characteristics, e-shopping habits, and travel time preferences to reach in-store retail. Clustering techniques serve to identify three e-shopper groups: occasional e-shoppers with a car, infrequent e-shoppers with a car, and frequent e-shoppers without a car. A comparison of e-shopper distance-decay functions to reach in-store retail is made, revealing significant differences between the three e-shopper groups for car and public transport for any time interval. However, for walking such differences are limited to time intervals between 10 and 40 min. Distance-decay functions are processed through a gravity-based model, identifying five categories of multimodal accessibility places that provide information on how in-store retail locations may be affected by e-shopping habits. The paper closes with concluding remarks on policy-making and a few pathways for future research.     

中国高速铁路客运产品设计

以形成完整的中国高速铁路客运产品设计方法体系为目标,从分析客运产品层次及要素出发．提出客运产品设计原则与总体思路。研究客运产品的设计方法,从可达性、时效性、便捷性和经济性四方面研究列车开行方案设计及调整,从自助式、人性化、差异化等六方面研究服务产品设计,并提出中国高速铁路品牌战略。     

A new approach to modelling distance-decay functions for accessibility assessment in transport studies

This paper tries to break new ground in how distance-decay relationships are modelled in accessibility and transport demand studies and does it based on an innovative approach to empirical data collection on psychological perceptions of distance in relation with activities located in space and a new aggregate distance-decay function. This new approach improves on the quality of the representation of spatial interaction effects on transport demand modelling studies that commonly rely on generic curves barely confronted with empirical data. We compare the level of fit of the proposed curve with other distance-decay functions mentioned in the literature and used in practice and draw relevant conclusions on the proper model specification.     

京津城际高速铁路对区域经济影响定量分析

建立高速铁路对区域经济发展影响的分析指标体系,采用灰色预测和多元线性回归模型测算出2008年、2009年＂无＂京津城际铁路情况下京津地区的相关经济数值,基于＂有无对比原则＂分析京津城际高速铁路对京津两地的区域经济贡献。     

Optimizing station location and fleet composition for a high-speed rail line

This paper proposes a new strategic planning model for high-speed rail ventures. It is a mixed-integer optimization model that applies to a given line and focuses on two key strategic decisions: station location and fleet composition. Our purpose is to improve on previous station location models by including fleet composition decisions. In the new model, we additionally take into account in an approximate fashion the interrelationships between strategic and subsequent tactical decisions, regarding line planning, train scheduling and fleet assignment issues. The usefulness of the model is demonstrated for a case study involving a planned Lisbon-Oporto high-speed rail line.     

高速铁路发展与中国铁路货运

随着中国高速铁路的发展,铁路运输能力快速提升,经济社会快速发展和产业结构优化升级促使高附加值产成品、集装箱等货物运输需求迅猛增长。新形势下,中国铁路货运面临着前所未有的发展机遇,研究高速铁路发展与中国铁路货运具有重要意义。分析中国高速铁路发展对铁路货物运输的影响,介绍中国铁路货运组织创新的一系列举措以及取得的成就,并对客货分线后中国铁路货运的发展战略进行探讨。     

对煤炭重载铁路车站设计的分析

目前煤炭重载铁路从装车地站型、中间越行站或会让站站型,直到卸车地站型,基本形成了较完善的固定模式,车站设计日渐成熟.分析重载铁路车站设计与普通铁路车站设计方法的共性与特点,对煤炭重载铁路中间站、越行站或会让站设计以及装车站和卸车站的设计进行研究,以利于车站设计更好地满足煤炭重载铁路的发展.     

高速铁路路基设计的新特点解析

2010年出版发行的《高速铁路设计规范（试行）》,秉承铁道部坚持原始创新、集成创新和引进消化吸收再创新的理念,在原有《新建时速300~350km客运专线铁路设计暂行规定》的基础上开展了大量修改和完善工作。通过对具有代表性路基章节编制的技术总结,阐明路基设计标准变迁的工作基础和技术背景,以期为铁路路基工程技术人员更好地理解规范提供参考。     

绿色铁路旅客站建筑设计探讨

从绿色车站站区规划策略、绿色车站建筑设计策略、室内环境、可再生能源利用等方面探讨绿色铁路旅客站规划与建筑设计的基本设计要点,提出在已有绿色建筑评价标准基础上制定针对铁路旅客站特点的专项“绿色铁路旅客站评价标准”,完善铁路旅客站规划与建筑设计。     

建立中国绿色铁路客站标准的必要性探索

介绍我国铁路及铁路客站快速发展的现状;总结国内外绿色建筑标准发展概况,对已有绿色建筑标准指导我国铁路客站建设进行适应性分析;最后阐述建立中国绿色铁路客站标准的必要性。