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吴海涛;薛妍;叶慧颖;刘建民;郝宇 《世界经济》2025,48(3):111-145
本文基于经济增长理论中的产品种类增加模型,将空气污染和企业进入纳入统一理论框架,论证空气污染对企业进入的影响机制,并综合县域、县域-行业和企业数据进行经验分析。运用断点回归法和工具变量法研究发现:空气污染明显削弱了企业进入的积极性,这种弱化效应对经济发展水平低、公众环境关注度高的地区以及服务业更加明显。机制检验显示,空气污染对企业进入的负向影响主要是由劳动力供给多维变化、企业面临潜在风险增加和全要素生产率下降导致的。进一步分析表明,空气污染对企业进入的负面影响具有长期性,推进空气污染治理是统筹推进环境保护与企业进入的有效举措。本文对空气污染及其治理对于企业选址行为多维复杂影响形成了完整的“理论+经验分析+策略”组合分析框架。 相似文献
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Grieve Chelwa Miquel Pellicer Mashekwa Maboshe 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2019,87(3):255-282
This paper studies the effect of unconditional teacher salary increases on teacher and student outcomes. To study the issue, we evaluate the rural hardship allowance in Zambia, which corresponds to a salary increase of 20%. This allowance is allocated to schools on the basis of a distance criterion allowing us to use a regression discontinuity design. We use administrative data from 2004 to 2015 on school, teacher characteristics and test scores. The administrative data are complemented with a telephone survey of schools close to the eligibility threshold. We find that crossing the threshold increases the share of teachers obtaining the allowance by 40%. Because of some non‐compliance with the allocation rule, our estimates are fairly imprecise. Focusing on provinces with better compliance we find some, albeit weak, evidence that the allowance increases the stock of teachers. We, however, find no effects on teacher characteristics or on student test scores. 相似文献
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本文利用2014-2020年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,以《中华人民共和国慈善法》的颁布作为准自然实验,通过双重差分模型考察法治强化如何影响家庭捐赠。研究发现,慈善立法显著促进了社会信任水平相对较低家庭的慈善捐赠。机制分析表明,慈善立法使家庭信任程度提升,慈善捐赠环境得到优化,进而促进了家庭捐赠。进一步分析发现,慈善立法促进了非东部和城镇地区以及平均收入较高和受教育程度较低家庭的慈善捐赠。本文的发现有助于理解《慈善法》颁布带来的影响,并对后续的修订和完善提供政策启示。 相似文献
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Using hand-collected data in China from 2001 to 2019, we examine how political uncertainty affects corporate political activities, including corporate corruption and corporate charitable donations, and whether the anti-corruption campaign moderates the relationship between political uncertainty and corporate political activities. First, we find that when city government officials change, local firms significantly increase corporate charitable donations while reducing corporate corruption. Second, the anti-corruption campaign strengthens the effects of political uncertainty on corporate political activities. Third, our results also show that political uncertainty has stronger effects 1) when new government officials come from external appointments, and 2) when former government officials experience abnormal turnover. In addition, the effects of political uncertainty on corporate charitable donations are stronger in non-state-owned enterprises and firms belonging to regulated industries. Finally, political uncertainty increases firms’ government subsidies through corporate political activities. It’s clear that political activities have mediating effects. 相似文献
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企业慈善捐赠的税收政策效应是国外公共经济学界研究的热门话题之一.文章介绍了国外企业慈善捐赠税收政策效应的理论和实证研究的进展,评析了已有研究的成果及局限,最后提出未来可能的研究方向.这对于推动我国企业慈善捐赠的税收政策研究具有重要意义. 相似文献
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We study the impacts of legal access to alcohol on young U.S. Army soldiers. Regression discontinuity estimates reveal that soldiers report a large and significant increase in alcohol consumption after their 21st birthday; however, we precisely estimate that there are no meaningful impacts of legal access on any of the short-term outcomes we observe, including suicidal tendencies, depression, tobacco use, physical fitness, psychological health, fitness for combat deployment, and job-related infractions. Novel data on soldier's cognitive ability, psychological health, and family history allow us to explore whether the impacts of legal access vary by risk factors for alcohol abuse. While the increases in alcohol consumption were largest among those who had a family history of mental health problems, had better coping ability, and had higher cognitive ability, these subgroups did not uniformly experience adverse behavioral and physical outcomes upon gaining legal access to alcohol. 相似文献
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“联防联控”是我国大气污染治理的重要手段,各级政府出台大量联防联控政策。为评估“联防联控”政策是否能促进大气污染治理效率提升,文章以2015-2021 年280 个城市为样本,采用文本分析刻画“政策协同”、利用Super_SBM 模型测算大气污染治理效率,理论分析和实证检验“政策协同”影响大气污染治理效率的因果效应与机制效应。研究发现:政策协同力度每增加1%,大气治理效率会提高0.038 个单位,且研究结果经过一系列稳健性检验;异质性分析发现,财力较大的城市效应高于财力较弱的城市,环境偏好较高的城市效应高于环境偏好较低的城市;机制分析发现,绿色创新、税收管制、排污强度管制和新建企业管制是“政策协同”走向“行为协同”的具体路径。因此,加大对财力较弱城市和资源型城市大气治理转移支付力度,提高政府市场型、命令型环境规制和企业自愿型环境规制水平,将有效改善大气污染治理效率。 相似文献
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The health risks from indoor and ambient air pollution create a considerable burden to global economic development and health, especially in economies within an aging society. Previous research has established the adverse effects of air pollution on health. However, most studies do not focus on the simultaneous effect of indoor and ambient air pollution nor its health risks to the older population. This study examines the impact of exposure to both indoor and ambient air pollution for the same individuals over time on mental health by using a nationally representative longitudinal survey for middle-aged and elderly individuals in China. We find that both indoor and ambient air pollution have an adverse effect on elderly mental health and significantly increases the likelihood of having depressive symptoms. We provide evidence that the effect of indoor and ambient air pollution is associated more with less educated and females. 相似文献
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This article examines the long-term effects of the administrative system using the Great Wall as a geographical discontinuity. Using town-level nighttime light luminosity per capita as a measure of economic development, we find that today, luminosity per capita is significantly and robustly higher in towns south of the Great Wall than in those north of it. The holding of resource allocation authority by the administrative hierarchy and the uniform enforcement of justice by hierarchy officials were advantageous for city building and judicial cross-territory enforceability on the south side of the great wall, which had a long-term impact on the imperial bureaucracy. 相似文献
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Steven F. Koch 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2017,85(2):242-258
This research examines the effect of the abolition of user fees in South Africa, a policy implemented in 1994 for uninsured children under the age of six and the elderly uninsured, as well as pregnant and nursing mothers. The analysis focuses on the implementation of the policy and the use of curative public healthcare services by children following strict and fuzzy regression discontinuity designs. The estimates point to statistically insignificant average and local average policy effects, even though the policy appears to have been implemented reasonably effectively, albeit imperfectly. In other words, the policy did not, on average, affect the use of curative public healthcare, at least for those children who should have benefited from the policy. 相似文献
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王祥会 《中国资源综合利用》2010,28(6):19-20
随着政府对农村能源扶持力度的加大,农村沼气池建设数量迅速增加,给农户提供了便捷的生活方式。虽然户用沼气给农民生活带来方便,但往往由于受温度、建池等条件的影响,无法使沼气池周年均衡产气,不能满足农户的现实需要。从影响沼气池周年产气的因素入手,提出相应的解决措施,以期为今后沼气池的建设和管理提供一定的借鉴。 相似文献
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基于2008-2018年中国105个环保重点城市数据,采用固定效应模型和地理探测器,探讨环境规制对城市空气质量的影响.研究发现,命令控制型环境规制在特定情境下有效,经济激励型规制持续有效且能显著减少空气污染,自愿型规制在2018年显著影响空气质量.此外,经济激励型与自愿型规制的交互作用对改善空气质量越来越重要.建议加强经济激励措施,提升公众环保意识,并制定适应地区特性的环境政策,以促进环境质量提升和可持续发展. 相似文献
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目前,以京津冀为代表,我国超过2/3的城市空气质量不达标,已进入大范围生态退化和复合性环境污染的阶段。通过对石家庄空气质量指数污染物为SO2、NO2、PM10、PM2.5、O3、CO观测,利用SPSS Statistics研究了PM2.5,SO2,NO2,CO,O3与AQI之间相关关系和回归性。用这种方法分析大气污染综合指标,有利于问题的分析与处理,为大气污染浓度及预测提供了相关依据。 相似文献
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农作物秸秆的综合利用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
近年来秸杆燃烧引起了严重的季节性大气污染,而秸秆是一种可再生资源,可以通过秸秆还田、用作饲料、秸秆制气等方法加以利用,既创造了一定的经济价值和社会效益,又避免了露天燃烧等引起的环境污染问题。 相似文献
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空气质量无论对经济的发展还是人体的健康都尤为重要。以大气中PM2.5浓度的变化为研究对象,采用逐步回归的方法对PM2.5影响最严重和最显著的因素进行筛选,利用这些因素构建普通多元线性回归模型和线性分位数回归模型来研究PM2.5浓度,全面细致地探究气象因素和污染物排放因素对西安市PM2.5浓度的影响,分析了普通多元线性回归模型和线性分位数回归模型不同分位点自变量对因变量的影响大小以及显著性特点,得出影响因素在不同分位点上的变化趋势。 相似文献
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根据近3年的气象和环保观测资料,从自然原因(地形地貌、气象)和人为原因(工业企业排污、汽车尾气、餐饮油烟、挥发性有机物和建筑施工扬尘)两大方面分析重庆市大渡口区灰霾天气的成因,并提出相应的防治对策. 相似文献
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要实现经济与环境协调发展,必须使各省市能够对本地区的环境污染治理成本进行核算,衡量经济生产活动和环境污染治理.但目前由于自然资源要素界定不统一、实物量数据收集不全面等问题,缺乏全国性的环境治理成本分析.选择中国30个省、市大气环境污染等数据,采取环境治理成本法核算各地区污染治理成本并分析其差异性,以其中差异最为显著的NO x为例,对影响其单位治理成本的因素进行研究.结果发现,能源强度、第二产业比重、对外开放程度与NO x的单位治理成本呈正相关,清洁能源的利用程度呈负相关.NO x单位治理成本与其排放强度呈现显著的\"U\"形关系.因此,在进行环境污染治理措施时,不能一味地消除污染、减少排放,而是要根据实际情况,衡量污染治理带来的负担,调整能源强度、能源消费结构、对外开放程度等因素,降低污染物单位治理成本,减少污染治理成本,实现经济可持续发展. 相似文献