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自从"零库存"的概念被丰田汽车公司提出以后,40多年来各生产企业绞尽脑汁考虑如何通过有效的运作与管理将库存降到最低.现在,供应商管理库存(VMI,Vendor Managed Inventory)的模式逐渐被国内企业接受.供应商管理库存,是在供应链管理理念下要求的产物。它要求供应商对下游企业库存策略、订货策略以及配送策略进行计划和管理。所以,采用合理模式运作VMI就成了当前要解决的问题。 相似文献
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Caldera A 《Fund raising management》2001,32(8):24, 46, 48
As some leading-edge non-profits made initial strides in using the Web as a part of their fund-raising efforts, we began to see that ePhilanthropy also meant online outreach, e-mail campaigns, advocacy and more. Every day, the early adopters have pushed the envelope to redefine this new term. 相似文献
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文章通过对H公司J电子产品生产项目的流程和在制品库存管理研究,针对H公司这类采用传统生产方式的电子制造企业在生产过程中进行在制品库存管理的难点,以J产品生产项目为例,提出了一套结合精益生产的制品库存管理方法。 相似文献
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Edward L. Deci 《人力资源管理》1973,12(2):28-32
In systems where rewards for fine performance are Money, Promotions, and Fringe Benefits, internal rewards which people derive from doing what they like (meeting a challenge, maybe) die out. That feeling of satisfaction and accomplishment is quickly replaced as workers become less willing to perform in the absence of the external reward. 相似文献
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This article explores the processes by which distinctive red‐light districts are created in western cities, focusing on the changing location of female prostitution in Birmingham (UK). Adapting Henri Lefebvre's ideas on the production of space, as well as Michel de Certeau's distinction between strategies and tactics, the article argues that the changing location of prostitution in the city is the result of a constant interplay between the ordering strategies enacted by the police, council and community protestors and the resistive tactics adopted by sex workers. The net outcome of this process, it is argued, is that a space is created for prostitution so that its resistive potential can be contained within a heterosexually‐ordered city. The article therefore concurs with Lefebvre when he argues that conceptualized space tends to overcode and dominate lived space, but concludes that sex work always threatens to create new ‘spaces of representation’ that challenge the heterosexual ordering of society. En examinant les processus par lesquels se créent des quartiers ‘chauds’ caractérisés dans les villes occidentales, cet article s'intéresse à la délocalisation de la prostitution féminine à Birmingham (Royaume‐Uni). A partir des idées d'Henri Lefebvre sur la production d'espace, et de la distinction établie par Michel de Certeau entre stratégies et tactiques, il est démontré que le changement d'implantation de la prostitution dans la ville résulte d'une interaction permanente entre, d'une part, les stratégies autoritaires décrétées par la police, la municipalité et les opposants membres de la communauté et, d'autre part, les tactiques de résistance adoptées par les travailleuses du sexe. Cette combinaison se solde par la création d'un espace pour la prostitution de sorte que sa ‘résistivité’ puisse être maîtrisée dans le cadre d'une ville régie par un ordre hétérosexuel. L'article rejoint ainsi Lefebvre lorsqu'il affirme qu'un espace conceptualisé tend à sur‐codifier et dominer l'espace vécu ; toutefois, il conclut que le travail du sexe menace constamment de générer de nouveaux ‘espaces de représentation’ défiant l'ordre hétérosexuel de la société. 相似文献
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Studies of post-industrial work have shown how workers are increasingly shouldering the risk of and the responsibility for social protection, work shortages, professional training, and securing a stream of continuous incoming work. This study of Swedish freelance journalists examines how these free agents cope with a situation whereby the need exists to actively bear the full responsibility for attracting and contracting, producing, and billing their work as journalists. The empirical material shows how freelancers engage in various coping practices to secure both sufficient amounts of work and the accompanying economic compensation. Freelancers who “make it work” are often those managing to embed themselves in long-standing relationships with clients and colleagues, thus ensuring a long-term work horizon and a steady income. Even so, the inherent “responsibilization” of contemporary work is amplified and intensified by the freelance work mode. This study makes two contributions: Firstly, it provides knowledge of free agent work in a Swedish context, a national setting that is often presumed to be a “role model” for good working conditions. Secondly, it highlights the specifics of managing work that entails a continuous stream of sequential and parallel assignments of limited duration and the ongoing “employment management work” this entails as regards making sure assignments keep “coming in”. 相似文献
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Under Title III of the 1973 Older Americans Act over 500 Area Agencies on Aging (AAA) have been established for the purpose of planning and coordinating services for the elderly. Critics claim the AAA's are doomed to failure because they do not control the budgets for services for the elderly. We show that a more crucial factor is meaningful planning information and demonstrate that AAA's can be effective as planning and coordinating agencies by operating as centers of information and analysis, either with or without budget control. 相似文献
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Insufficient attention has been focused on the ubiquitous problem of excess inventory levels. This paper develops two models of different complexity for determining if stock levels are economically unjustifiable and, if so, for determining inventory retention levels. The models indicate how much stock should be retained for regular use and how much should be disposed of at a salvage price for a given item.The first model illustrates the basic logic of this approach. The net benefit realized by disposing of some quantity of excess inventory is depicted by the following equation: HOLDING NET = SALVAGE + COST - REPURCHASE - REORDER BENEFIT REVENUE SAVINGS COSTS COSTSThis relationship can be depicted mathematically as a parabolic function of the time supply retained. Using conventional optimization, the following optimum solution is obtained: where t0 is the optimum time supply retained; P is the per-unit purchase price; Ps is the per-unit salvage price; C is the ordering cost; Q is the usual item lot size; F is the holding cost fraction; and R is the annual demand for the item. Any items in excess of the optimum time supply should be sold at the salvage price.The second model adjusts holding cost savings, repurchase costs, and reorder costs to account for present value considerations and for inflation. The following optimum relationship is derived: where i is the expected inflation rate and k is the required rate of return. Unfortunately this relationship cannot be solved analytically for t0; Newton's Method can be used to find a numerical solution.The solutions obtained by the two models are compared. Not surprisingly, the present value correction tends to reduce the economic time supply to be retained, since repurchase costs and reorder costs are incurred in the future while salvage revenue and holding cost savings are realized immediately. Additionally, both models are used to derive a relationship to describe the minimum economic salvage value, which is the minimum salvage price for which excess inventory should be sold.The simple model, which does not correct for time values, can be used by any organization with the sophistication level to use an EOQ. The present value model which includes an inflation correction is more complex, but can readily be used on a microcomputer. These models are appropriate for independent demand items. It is believed that these models can reduce inventory investment and improve bottom line performance. 相似文献
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上期回放:如何保证库存数据的准确性。本期关注:寻找库存配套率低的原因,首先在采购过程加以控制。经过上一讲的分析我们知道,库存数据的准确性是实施库存控制的基础,之后就要下达采购计划(MRP)了。在制造业,经常发生的现象是,搞生产的人经常抱怨:该来的物料不来,不该来的都来了。实际上这涉及到库存的配套率(FKR-FullKitsRate)问题。那么什么是库存的配套率?应如何衡量库存的配套率? 相似文献