大众创业对中国经济发展的影响机制分析

针对当前大众创业热潮背景下存在的创业质量不高、创新性不足等问题,从经济增长数量和经济增长质量两个维度,分析大众创业对经济发展的影响,且需要在不同发展阶段和不同经济区域考察大众创业对经济发展影响的异质性。从就业效应、竞争效应、创新效应和结构效应四个方面分析了大众创业对经济发展的影响机制,认为创业活动不仅通过就业效应和竞争效应影响经济增长数量,促进短期经济增长,更重要的是,创业活动会通过创新效应和结构效应影响经济增长质量,促进长期经济增长。     

A Cultural Analysis of South Korea's Economic Prospects

Abstract

This study analyses cultural effects on economic development in South Korea. It introduces the concept of transaction costs as an operational intermediary between culture and economic development. Using this approach, it is found that culture affects economic development through its impacts on transaction costs in the static case. In the dynamic case, culture affects the economy through its impacts on the creative capacity of citizens. To assess the role of culture in future economic development, recent changes in Korean culture are examined. These include rising individualism and declining sense of community and trust; weaker appreciation of cooperation, compromise, and acceptance of dissent, and rising inclination towards confrontation; and the failing rule of law and rising perception of injustice. These all raise transaction costs. In addition, the future orientation is fading, as suggested by decreasing savings and investment rates, and by decline in the fertility rate. In view of these recent changes, Korean culture will have a negative effect on the future economy, compared to its positive influence in earlier decades from the 1960s. Culture is therefore not ceteris paribus. Even if all else remains the same, the prospects of the Korean economy will be tainted by the influence of culture.     

西部陆海新通道对区域产业创新的影响研究

产业创新以技术创新为基础,形成产业核心竞争力,是国家创新的核心。基于2010—2019年西部陆海新通道沿线地区的数据,运用中介效应模型与空间计量模型,实证分析西部陆海新通道对区域产业创新的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现,西部陆海新通道的开通促进了沿线地区的产业创新,推动了区域要素流动与聚集,改善了区域创新环境,创新环境起着部分中介变量的作用;西部陆海新通道建设与沿线地区创新要素相互作用推动了区域产业创新,并对周边地区产生了空间溢出效应;西部陆海新通道沿线地区的外商投资少,其所产生的技术溢出效应对区域产业创新无显著影响。基于此,应加快完善西部陆海新通道沿线地区综合立体交通网络,提升西部陆海新通道通行能力和衔接水平,改善沿线地区的创新环境,重视人才引进与培养,大力引进外资与发展外向型经济,以此促进西部新通道沿线地区的产业创新发展。     

试析奥运会对举办城市经济的正负面影响

举办奥运需要对举办城市在人力、财力、物力方面进行大量的投入,对奥运会进行投资是举办城市实现经济增长的持续推动力。奥运会对举办城市能产生多种多样的经济影响,本文按奥运会对举办城市产生经济影响的性质,着重分析了奥运会对举办城市经济产生的正面影响和负面影响并提出建议。     

2008年北京奥运会旅游经济影响评价

该文参阅大量文献，对1984—2008年共7届夏季奥运会主要经济(影响)指标进行了归纳。首先阐明了该文的研究思路与方法，对奥运会有效参访者及其有效花费的测定进行了研究；然后对旅游经济影响相关乘数的概念及其测算进行了分析；最后对2008年北京奥运会的旅游经济影响进行了评价。本研究对正确认识与评价奥运会等大型事件及事件旅游的区域经济影响具有重要意义。     

The Maputo Development Corridor: A case study of the SDI process in Mpumalanga

The Maputo Development Corridor (MDC) was officially launched in May 1996 in Maputo by the presidents of South Africa and Mozambique. Within two years it has become known as the ‘most advanced international development corridor in Africa’ (Department of Transport, 1997). As the flagship of the Spacial Development Initiative (SDI) process, the methodology utilised in the MDC is now being applied to the other eight SDIs in South Africa and increasingly is being considered by other African countries. The objective of this article is to examine the lessons learned in implementing the MDC in the Mpumalanga province, South Africa. Having provided a brief orientation and having outlined the short history of the MDC and its institutional context, the article will focus on the progress made by the project in attaining the key objectives set at its launch.     

县域社会经济综合发展水平空间分异研究——以浙江为例

文章根据文献和统计数据,研究重构了县域社会经济综合发展水平的评价指标体系,并提出经济发展、产业结构、社会保障、生活水平、创新水平、生态环境是县域社会经济综合发展水平的六个主要因子,其中经济发展是主导因子。通过空间分析。进一步研究发现浙江县域社会经济综合发展水平呈现集聚的现象,整体水平呈现东北方向上高于西南方向上的趋势,并形成以杭州-宁波连线的热点聚集区,衢州-苍南连线的冷点集聚区。     

Provincial Development in China: Lessons from EU Regional Policy Experience

Abstract

This article evaluates and compares regional development in the Chinese provinces and in the regions of the European Union (EU) countries. Development efforts in southern Italy, northeast England and eastern Germany are reviewed along with EU, Community-wide regional development programmes. Equity concerns suggest promotion of regional policy, but the pursuit of maximum national economic growth would avoid it, since it sacrifices some economic growth. The impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic investments on individual Chinese provinces is compared with their impact in Europe. There is an implicit contrast between public sector regional development programs and more effective private foreign direct investments.     

浅谈国际经济法

国际经济法是调整国家、国际组织以及不同国家的法人与个人之间在国际经济活动中所产生的国际经济关系的法律规范的总称。国际经济法自产生以来,对国际经济的发展以及对有关国际经济实体产生了巨大影响。笔者拟在对其概念的界定基础上,对国际经济法的历史进行相关的梳理,并对其思想做出简单的评述。     

Why is the Inter-firm Credit Market in Korea Special? An Agency View of Trade Credit Use by Chaebols

Abstract

China and India (Chindia) have begun in recent years to enjoy growing measures of economic success, reversing centuries of structural poverty and negligible rates of economic growth. This article examines the influence of varying cultural propensities—Hinduism in India and Confucianism in China—and their impact on each country's economic turnaround. It discusses the historical circumstances that shaped Chindia's perspectives on foreign direct investment and how external forces contributed to domestic policy-making. It also addresses three ways in which culture can affect economy and two major events that cemented the direction of Chindian economic growth. Finally, the paper presents a comparative analysis of China and India and their respective impact of culture on development. It asserts that the forces of culture and its historical development do matter, especially when it comes for a nation to reverse its deprived and stagnated situation and to achieve a status of economic powerhouse.     

Reviewing China and Africa: Old interests,new trends – or new interests,old trends?

Africa was for a long time considered to be Europe's backyard. This situation since the turn of the century has changed considerably. With new actors pursuing their own economic interests, mainly representing the growing influence of so-called emerging economies, new multipolar realities have arrived on the continent. Access to and control over natural resources has entered a new stage of competition among external actors and in their interaction with local elites. Africa has changed as an arena, and realities are increasingly shaped by Chinese influence too. This overview on recent contributions to the debate summarises the current assessments of the degree, impact and effects of the Chinese economic expansion. It then reflects on the potential new scope for cooperation and development and ends with some conclusions on the possible options and opportunities this might offer.     

Analyzing the Dynamic Relationships between Physical Infrastructure,Financial Development and Economic Growth in India

This paper investigates the dynamic relationships between physical infrastructure, financial development and economic growth in the case of India, using the autoregressive distributed lag and the Toda–Yamamoto causality approach for the period 1980 to 2016. A physical infrastructure index and a financial development index are constructed using the principal component analysis. The empirical results suggest that physical infrastructure has a positive effect on economic growth both in the long run and short run, whereas financial development, although significant, has a weak impact on economic growth. The causality test supports a bidirectional causal relationship between infrastructure development and economic growth, while it finds unidirectional causation running from economic growth to financial development. As India is aiming for higher growth for a sustained period, our results suggest that there is a need for government intervention in expanding the physical infrastructure and this, in turn, could lead to economic growth as well as financial sector development.     

高速铁路影响下的生产性服务业集聚与区域经济增长

中国高速铁路目前处于快速发展时期,高铁的建设加强了各地区之间的经济往来和产业联系.基于河南省2005—2018年17个地级市的数据,将高铁建设与生产性服务业集聚相结合,将高速铁路开通影响下的生产性服务业集聚与区域经济增长相结合.构建高铁建设对生产性服务业集聚影响的实证模型;并进一步探讨高速铁路影响下的生产性服务集聚对区域经济增长影响的作用及大小.运用PSM-DID的方法进行实证检验,研究发现高速铁路的发展对地区生产性服务业的集聚有正向影响、且高速铁路影响下的生产性服务业集聚对区域经济增长具有显著的促进作用.     

河南省经济发展影响因素分析 ——基于1999—2018年面板数据的实证研究

以河南省1999—2018年相关经济发展数据为样本,运用SPSS统计分析软件对其进行多元线性回归分析和主成分分析,从而得出影响河南省经济发展的重要因素。分析结果表明,第二、三产业增加值占地区生产总值的比重、投资率和财政支出增加值占地区生产总值的比重对河南省经济发展有积极的正向影响,并基于此提出加快河南省经济发展的建议。     

The impact of a labour-intensive road construction programme in the Vhembe District,Limpopo Province

This study investigates the distributional impacts of labour-intensive projects under the Gundo Lashu programme in the Limpopo province. The aim was to evaluate infrastructure effectiveness of the Extended Public Works Programme, focusing on the interface between road investment and economic development as the central premise. The objective was to evaluate the impact of the programme on the participants and their communities. Specific areas of impacts investigated are mobility, income, work opportunities, poverty reduction, sustainable livelihoods and opening of access to market opportunities. A matched case–control study design was adopted. The study found that the programme had achieved its objectives related to the total number of jobs created and the total road length constructed. However, the programme showed mixed results on communities' socio-economic outcomes and the impacts of the programme on poverty and sustainable livelihoods.     

“高铁时代”的长江三角洲城市-区域发展

以高铁为代表的城际轨道交通,将从整体上提高长三角城市群的交通可达性,使城市间的联系更加快捷、方便、紧密,有利于引导城镇以中心城市为辐射节点、沿着轨道交通线路聚集,形成城镇密集的发展走廊,从而促进城市群空间结构的发展和城市群网络的均衡分布。在高铁与城际轨道构成的1小时城市群内,通过整合资源、配置要素,以一体化的方式进入全球城市网络和世界经济体系,谋求整体能级提升,成为长三角世界级城市群崛起的重要路径。     

山东省能源消费、产业结构和经济发展关系实证研究

文章基于1980-2012年统计数据,研究结果显示,山东省能源消费、产业结构和经济发展间存在着长期均衡的协整关系,经济增长对产业结构存在着单向因果关系,产业结构对能源消费也有单向因果关系。产业结构对能源消费的短期和长期影响均大于经济发展对能源消费的影响。     

The Cape Town International Jazz Festival: More than just jazz

Economic impact studies have been used to value goods with the characteristics of both public and private goods, such as arts festivals, and have been useful in providing a quantifiable monetary estimate of their worth and, more accurately, of the impact of such events on a specific region. This paper provides just such a valuation, using economic impact analysis conducted on surveys of visitor and organiser spending at the 2009 Cape Town International Jazz Festival. On the basis of the survey data and event budget, a social accounting matrix (SAM) for the Western Cape Province was used to estimate the economic value of the festival to the province's economy (using the classic SAM's multiplier approach). The results of the analysis show that the festival generates approximately R158 million via visitor and organiser spending, and that 1059 jobs depend on it.     

建设园区经济与科学决策探析

园区经济,是在加快转变经济发展方式进程中出现的一种新经济现象。它既不同于区域经济也不同于高新技术开发区,是具有创新性、融合性、集聚性、开放性和可持续性特征的经济有机体。它以其突出的特征,相互结合,互联互动,形成加快转变经济发展方式的内生优势。建设园区经济对经济和社会发展关系极大、影响长远,因此,必须抓好科学决策。建设园区经济的定位要"高",决策要遵循客观经济规律,把决策转化成行动要落实保障措施。     

日本的超稳定经济结构浅析

日本经济在二战以后出现了前所未有的高速发展，一度成为后进国家的榜样，其发展模式也被广为借鉴。然而，“经济奇迹”过后，一直被经济学家看好的日本经济出现严重的“泡沫”，随着经济泡沫的破灭，日本陷入了长期停滞。这与日本的超稳定经济结构关系很大．日本的超稳定经济结构既造就了早期的高速增长，也是经济泡沫的主要成因，还是长期衰退的决定因素。这种超稳定结构是日本经济今后发展的最大障碍。