浅议完善和健全我国农村社会保障制度之必要性

农村社会保障制度是国家社会保障的重要组成部分,它关系到广大农民群众的切身利益,是社会稳定与国家长治久安的重要保证。本文从五个方面分析和探讨了完善和健全我国农村社会保障制度的必要性,为各级行政部门下定决心,排除干扰,高度重视并切实有效的解决我国农村社会保障实践中存在的各种问题,提供了理论依据。     

论发展农业生态经济对粮食安全的保障作用

农业是我国保持经济发展和社会稳定的基础,保障粮食安全的重点体现在耕地数量、耕地质量、粮食数量和粮食质量四个方面,积极推广生态农业是确保粮食安全的必然趋势,应该重点考虑包括创造条件规划实施绿色农业研产销战略,创造条件发展循环经济型生态农业,依靠科技提升生态农业产品质量,建立粮食质量安全信息管理系统等几个方面的措施。     

从社会保障对农民人力资本的影响谈农村社会保障机制的构建

本文从人力资本的角度来分析农村社会保障机制,通过分析社会保障对农民人力资本的影响,揭示构建农村社会保障制度要在“三分”原则下,建立城乡统筹的社会保障支持系统。     

Challenges facing international projects for entrepreneurial development in South Africa

International development projects that support entrepreneurship face a number of challenges, not least because they need to integrate different paradigms. Based on the case study of a Canadian non-governmental organisation in South Africa, this paper provides an exploratory assessment of these challenges and highlights four major factors that affect the success of such international projects: transposing a northern business model to the south; developing local roots and adapting to the local context; balancing the allocation of resources between managing the project and providing services to entrepreneurs; and aligning the cultures of the private sector and international development agencies. In practical terms, the findings provide benchmarks for the success of these projects and could help improve interventions that encourage entrepreneurship in developing countries.     

上海的城市发展阶段与郊区新城建设研究

城市发展阶段与其新城建设具有直接关系.从国际大都市发展经验来看,如果没有中心城区坚实的经济基础与成熟的社会发展作为支持条件,郊区新城要建设成功是较为困难的.目前上海郊区新城存在人口规模不足、产业关联效应不强与社会发育不成熟等问题,新城未能起到疏散中心城区过于集中的人口与产业的作用.上海郊区新城发展状况与上海经济社会发展阶段相关.上海的郊区化方式与特征直接影响到新城的人口导入、产业发展与社会发展.上海必须加快优化产业结构,提高城市居民可支配收入,加强制度环境建设,推进交通基础设施建设,加强发展郊区生活性服务业,从而促进上海城市空间结构向多心多核开敞式方向发展.     

Is small beautiful? Understanding the contribution of small businesses in township tourism to economic development

The increased importance attached by policy-makers to the anticipated developmental effects of tourism in developing countries has been insufficiently examined by academic researchers, particularly in the context of the contribution of small firms in urban areas. This deficiency is addressed by providing a review of existing research followed by an analysis of interviews with 90 tourism business located within and outside the townships of Langa and Imizamo Yethu, Cape Town, South Africa. The findings reveal tensions between the different actors involved in township tourism. While the involvement of small, locally owned, businesses is beneficial, it is limited by conflicts of interest, lack of trust, limited social networks and little attachment to the township locality. The discussion highlights the complexity of tourism's role in economic development, which has significant implications for local policy-makers.     

非政府组织参与社会管理的基本问题探析

非政府组织是完善社会管理重要力量,具有沟通协调、拾遗补缺、促进社会和谐等独特功能。目前,我国的非政府组织参与社会管理存在公众认知度低、法律不完善、行政化倾向、服务能力不足等问题,制约了其在社会管理中的有效参与。因此,要通过健全法律法规、转变政府职能、加强自身建设、强化社会监督等途径,为非政府组织参与社会管理提供良好的外部和内部环境。     

The changing spatial economy of cities: An exploratory analysis of Cape Town

The spatial economy of South African cities is generally believed to be experiencing selective deconcentration, which may exacerbate social inequality because of the physical disconnection between jobs and population. This paper assesses whether the locational pattern of economic activity across Cape Town is following this trajectory, using data from the Regional Service Council levies between 2001 and 2005. One of the main findings is that the city centre and areas close to the centre have maintained their economic dominance, therefore Cape Town remains a monocentric city. Yet the pattern of recent growth is more dispersed than the prior distribution because suburban nodes have gained a disproportionate share of new activity. In addition, the pattern of recent growth is skewed towards the high-income suburbs and away from the Cape Flats where most of the city's poor live. This uneven growth trajectory may be a source of concern for economic, social and environmental reasons.     

休闲农业与观光农业、都市农业的联系与区别

随着生活水平的提高,居民对其居住的城市环境和休闲旅游需要都提出了更高的要求,居住、旅游回归绿色、回归自然也成了一种时尚生活追求。顺应这种需求,国内休闲农业、观光农业、都市农业等"前沿农业"逐渐得到了越来越多的经营者和学者的关注。随着这些农业形式的发展,学术界的探讨也越来越多,进入了百花齐放的状态,但至今为止,国内尚未形成一个统一的认识,尤其对于各种农业形态还没有一个统一的用词和清晰的界定。因此,作者试图综合国内外研究的成果和方向,理顺现在国内研究比较多的三种前沿农业形式:休闲农业、观光农业、都市农业之间的关系。     

对社会保障支出水平的分析与建议

通过对近几年来社会保障支出水平的分析,指出尽管我国的社会保障支出表面上逐渐增加,但名义社会保障支出与各年的支出适度水平下限相比,之间的差距反而有所加大,随着经济的发展,实际社保支出水平没有变,针对这个现象指出原因并提出建议。     

社会资本视角下的社区发展

社会资本存在于社会结构中,它为结构内的行动者提供便利的资源,包括规范、信任和网络形式,而社区发展离不开有效的社会规范、信任和社会网络,社会资本对社区发展具有重要的意义,目前社区中的社会资本严重缺失,因此,要实现社区发展,建设和谐社区,必须在社区中恢复和重建社会资本。     

Revitalising and modernising smallholder agriculture: The Aldeia Nova Project in Angola

The Aldeia Nova Project in Angola is aimed at demobilising ex-combatants to rural areas and settling them in modern agricultural communities. The first settlers arrived in the Waku-Kungu Valley in 2005 and now 600 families are using modern agricultural technology to produce milk, eggs and vegetables, which are marketed in the urban centres. The Project has enhanced the families' livelihoods and provided employment to hundreds of other Angolans, and the entire region has been revitalised, with a large number of new families arriving to enjoy the benefits of the improved local economy. This paper presents the concept of the Project, describes its evolution and discusses its strengths and weaknesses. It concludes that the Project has had benefits beyond its measureable economic impact and that Aldeia Nova's original and ambitious goals are not beyond the reach of the Angolan people.     

加入WTO以来中国农业的发展态势与战略性调整

我国加入世界贸易组织(WTO)以来签署的双边或多边区域自贸协定进一步扩大了农业开放。从目前来看,我国农业经受住了开放带来的挑战和压力。我国已进入新一轮高水平开放阶段,农业缺乏比较优势的问题逐步显现,未来农业要继续经受住开放带来的挑战和压力,根本出路在于深化农业供给侧结构性改革。一方面,应调整农业生产的品种结构和区域布局,重塑农业支持保护制度,努力提高我国农业的产业素质和竞争力。另一方面,应谋划和实施全球农业战略,提高统筹利用国内外两个市场两种资源的能力,提高开放条件下的国家粮食安全治理能力。