当前我国出口型企业应对反倾销的几点措施

反倾销是世界贸易组织赋予缔约国抵制不公平贸易行为的主要措施之一,是进口国可以采取的保护本国工业免受进口产品冲击、实现对本国贸易保护的合法手段。随着国际贸易自由化进程的推进,世贸组织允许单边使用的控制进口措施已寥寥无几,而反倾销措施却越来越成为各国极力寻求使用的贸易保护武器。国外对我国出口产品的反倾销案件数量逐年上升,涉及金额也不断增加。对我国企业来说加强应诉工作,争取胜诉是十分现实的问题。     

基于反倾销税实施的经济效应分析

反倾销是针对倾销的存在而实施的,是WTO允许其成员国用于保护国内企业和市场,抵制进口产品不正当竞争的主要行政手段之一。反倾销税作为世界各国广泛采用的反倾销主要措施,应服务于发展本国经济,增进国家整体福利水平,而非局限于保护进口竞争产业。因此,慎用反倾销税这项措施,对其经济合理性作出判断,是值得世界各国深入研究的问题。     

国际对华反倾销现状及我国应对措施

所谓倾销是指出口国将本国的产品以低于正常价值的方法挤入另一国内，并因此对进口国领土内已建立的某种产业造成重大损害或产生重大威胁，或者对进口国新建的产业产生严重阻碍。为此，进口国的政府及企业向出口国的政府或企业提出反倾销指控，并采取一系列措施抵制该出口国的产品进口到本国。反倾销指进口国政府采取保护本国企业利益和支持企业对倾销行为进行抵制的各种政策和做法，其实质是维护正常的国际贸易秩序。     

印尼取消从中国等国进口钢管的反倾销税

印度尼西亚财政部近日宣布 ,为了增强本国钢管进口行业的竞争力 ,决定自今年６月１２日起 ,取消一项对中国、日本、韩国和新加坡进口无缝钢管征收的８１%的临时性反倾销关税。印尼财政部发言人称 ,印尼反倾销委员会日前对其他国家进口无缝钢管的情况进行了研究 ,发现它们大部分也在以倾销价进口无缝钢管 ,而印尼政府为了保护本国钢管业 ,一直对进口钢管征收８１ %的反倾销税 ,这无疑将影响印尼无缝钢管的进口。对此 ,印尼政府决定取消该项反倾销税。印尼取消从中国等国进口钢管的反倾销税     

关于我国反倾销策略的思考

倾销是指出口商以低于正常价值的价格向进口商出口商品并对进口方产业造成实质性损害的行为。倾销不仅会损害进口国与之竞争的厂商或产业，而且会严重扰乱正常的市场秩序。所以，世界贸易组织允许一国对来自其他国家的倾销行为征收反倾销税。但是随着国际市场上贸易竞争程度的日趋激烈，以美国、欧盟为代表的西方发达国家贸易逆差不断上升，用于保护本国工业不受冲击的反倾销手段被频繁使用，正日益成为限制进口的有利保护手段。     

民营企业应如何直面反倾销

反倾销作为一种被世界各国普遍认可和广泛接受的限制进口的手段，是１９４８年《关税及贸易总协定》中所确立的原则。随着世界经济的发展，该手段逐步演化成各国保护国内产业的主要工具。WTO反倾销协议规定，出口国以低于正常价值的价格将产品输往进口国，并给进口国同类工业造成损害时，则该产品被视为倾销。倾销是不允许的，受到倾销损害的进口国政府可以对倾销产品征收反倾销税。今年１月１日，《中华人民共和国反倾销条例》开始施行。《条例》以六章五十九条的篇幅，详细界定了倾销的概念、倾销损害的内容、反倾销调查的实施方法，以…     

国外对中国产品反倾销的特点

我国出口产品已成为外国反倾销的重点,从目前反倾销所涉产品、地区以及外国对我采取歧视性措施方面看,有以下几个特点: 1.反倾销的国家多。过去只是美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、欧共体对我出口产品反倾销。现在日本、韩国等发达国家以及墨西哥、阿根廷等发展中国家也纷纷对我出口产品进行反倾销调查。 2.涉及的产品范围广。过去外国是针对我某个单一产品进行反倾销调查,1992年以墨西哥为首的南美国家针对我几大类产品,进行大规模反倾销。 3.我拳头出口产品受到反倾销多。我电视机、自行车,微波炉、电风扇以及纺织品、眼装、鞋帽受反倾销指控增加。 4.反倾销税率高。美国对我球墨铸铁征收127％反倾销税,墨西哥对我出口的鞋征收1105％高额反倾销税,这是国际反倾销史上空前的纪录。 5.对我重点出口产品反复进行反倾销。许多传统、大宗出口的产品和钨制     

论我国的反倾销问题

一、我国是目前世界上反倾销的最大受害国 所谓倾销,是指在国际贸易中出口商以低于正常价值的价格向进口国销售产品,并因此给进口国产业造成损害的行为.这是一种滥用自由贸易的行为.无论是对出口国还是进口国,都有极大的危害性.如果出口国被指控产品存在倾销,并给进口国国内产品造成损害,且该损害确由倾销所造成,则可实施反倾销措施.所谓反倾销,是指进口国反倾销调查当局依法对本国产品造成损害的行为,采取征收反倾销税等措施以抵消损害后果的法律行为.也就是说,反倾销是在世界经济一体化进程中,世界各国维护公平贸易环境,抵制不公平竞争的重要手段.但随着国际市场竞争的加剧,反倾销演变成为各国贸易保护主义的工具.     

需要认真对待出口反倾销

反倾销是指出口产品价格低于正常价值(成本价或国内市场价),并对进口国同类工业造成实质性损害,则进口国可对该产品征收反倾销税。这是关贸总协定所允许的反不公平贸易的手段。 找国出口产品自1980年以来共遭外国反倾销调查200余起,影响出口贸易金额达数百亿美元。近几年来,由于西方各国经济不景气,贸易保护主义势力抬头,以及我国出口贸易的不断增长,外国对巾国出口产品的反倾销势头越演越烈。从目前案件包括的产品及国别看,有以下几个特点: 1.被控产品中,我国重点开发出口的产品,如机电产品、纺织品的比重不断     

上下游企业相似商品的最优反倾销税率模型

作为政府的重要决策,反倾销税率一直被学术界广泛研究。文章基于两国存在上下游企业相似商品贸易的假设,建立了在完全信息静态博弈下的反倾销税率定价优化模型。通过Cournot-Nash均衡以及逆向归纳法,发现了优化的反倾销税率与市场的容量,商品相关性以及国外上下游企业的边际成本这四个因素有关,但与本国上下游企业的边际成本无关。从而得出在成本变动或者市场容量变动的情况下,政府应如何制定反倾销税率来保证本国社会福利最大化。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.