收入分配行为与社会公平原则

当前,学术界正对收入分配问题进行讨论,中心议题是关于收入分配的原则。特别是在理解“更加注重社会公平”的意义时,引发了关于“效率优先,兼顾公平”是否可以作为收入分配原则的讨论。本文对收入分配等问题进行深入研究。     

对与社会公平相悖的两种分配观的认识——基于马克思主义收入分配理论的维度

构建社会主义和谐社会,必须注重社会公平.合理的收入分配制度是社会公平的重要体现.本文针对目前国内流行的两种有悖于社会公平的分配观,从马克思主义分配理论的价值维度进行剖析,从而强调只有坚持马克思劳动价值论,重视劳动者在生产和分配中的人格地位,让收入分配起到支持、鼓励财富生产的积极作用,才能使收入分配符合社会公平,并有利于社会的和谐发展.     

公平收入差距与收入分配公平感*

本文基于CGSS的调查数据探索公平收入差距与微观收入分配公平感的相关关系。结果表明,公平收入差距和微观收入分配公平感之间存在倒U型关系,当实际收入不断接近自我感知的公平收入时,收入分配公平感不断提升,并在收入等于公平收入处达到最高;此后,随着真实收入的继续增加,分配公平感不升反降。改变模型设定、控制变量形式等方式都证明了该结果的稳健性。此外,异质性分析表明,受教育程度、工作状态和不平等归因对两者之间的关系存在调节作用。这一研究将为提升居民对于收入分配的公平感知提供有效的理论依据。     

浅谈分配方式与公平分配目标

收入分配是一个大众非常关心而又十分敏感的问题，收入分配的状况如何又与收入的分配方式紧密联系。因此，如何把收入分配方式与公平分配目标统一起来是一个非常现实的问题。（一）在历史上不同的社会经济条件下曾经出现过不同的分配方式，人类社会发展早期的原始社会，实行的是原始公有制，采用的分配方式是平均分配，即在一定的社会范围内按人头大致均分生存必需品。在奴隶社会和封建社会占统治地位的分配方式是按权分配，即奴隶主和封建主凭借对生产资料（主要是土地）和劳动者人身的占有权，王室、贵族和各级官吏依仗国家授予的世袭特权…     

论税收与收入分配公平

论税收与收入分配公平郭庆旺，赵志耘中国作为一个发展中的社会主义大国，以其经济高速增长和收入的公平分配成为世界各国的典范。然而，当７０年代末中国人重新审视自己艰难曲折的历程时却发现；收入的低差别并非是理想的选择，经济增长的高速度也不等于高效率。于是，中...     

浅谈和谐社会构建中收入分配不公平问题

社会主义和谐社会应当是各种利益关系不断得到协调的社会。现阶段,中国收入差距不断拉大,收入分配不公平的问题已经凸现,已经影响到社会和谐稳定和经济可持续发展。因此,我们要正视目前收入分配领域存在的突出问题,将社会公平摆在更加突出的位置,动态地实现效率和公平的统一,实现社会的和谐。主要分析中国当前收入分配不公平现状及其原因并提出解决社会收入分配不公平的对策。     

转型期的经济发展与收入分配公平

收入分配不公平会影响经济的发展 ,经济发展的最终目的应是保证同一社会中的所有成员都有平等地分享经济发展成果的权利与机遇 ,实现个人和社会的全面发展。现实经济生活中的收入分配差距恰恰有些不是在经济发展的初次分配过程中产生的 ,造成收入分配差距的原因是多方面的。转型期应正确处理好经济发展与收入分配公平的关系 ,保证分配机会、过程和结果的相对公平。解决收入分配悬殊问题 ,应把初次和再次收入分配的公平有机结合起来。     

分配领域中如何体现社会公平

针对当前收入分配差距的迅速扩大而导致的不公平问题,通过分析其原因提出如何正确看待收入分配差距和社会公平,以及如何在分配领域中更好地体现社会公平。     

公平收入分配与构建和谐社会

分配公平是社会公平的重要内容,是构建社会主义和谐社会的必然要求。论述了公平分配对于构建社会主义和谐社会的重要意义,分析了目前中国收入分配不公对构建和谐社会的不利影响,探讨了解决分配不公以促进和谐社会建设的对策。     

国外代际收入流动性研究：综述与展望

机会公平问题一直都是收入分配领域研究的重点。大量的国外相关研究提出了一个非常重要的测度标准：代际收入流动,其大小在一定程度上能反映一个社会的机会平等状况。在我国贫富差距日益扩大的今天,对这个问题的研究是非常有意义的。     

浅谈我国公允价值计量属性

伴随着经济的飞速发展,历史成本计量属性已越来越不能满足我国报表使用者的信息需要。公允价值计量由于能够为投资者提供与现实高度相关的信息,从而帮助投资者作出正确的决策,目前已经成为发达国家公认的会计计量属性之一。2006年2月我国新颁布的企业会计准则体系大量地引入了公允价值计量属性。它的引入对我国现有经济产生一定的影响。     

我国收入分配面临的问题及其对策研究

自改革开放以来,我国的经济取得了快速的发展,与此同时,我国收入分配不公已受到社会各界广泛关注。在我国,城乡之间、地区之间、行业之间的居民收入存在明显的差距。调节收入分配,缩小贫富差距,必须坚持一切从我国实际情况出发,制定正确的政策,促进我国收入分配制度的不断完善。     

我国实现教育公平的几点思考

我国由计划经济体制向市场经济体制转型过程中,社会财富的分配方式发生了巨大变化,人与人之间在社会财富的占有量和占有方式等方面出现了一定差异,公平遂成为社会财富分配中的突出问题。教育亦是如此,近年来,教育公平引起了人们的极大关注。因此,就教育公平定义、理论研究和教育公平现状进行了相应的论述,并就教育公平的对策谈了设想。     

The basic income guarantee and social economics

This article introduces the Review of Social Economy symposium on the basic income guarantee (BIG). It argues that there are several ways in which the BIG is consistent with social economics. First, the BIG is an attempt to meet the minimum material needs of US citizens and contribute to the common good. Second, important arguments for a BIG move beyond the positive-normative dichotomy. Finally, the BIG would help individuals function as social citizens.     

Testing for unit roots with income distribution data

In this paper I test the unit root hypothesis for US log GNP using the information available in income distribution data. The percentile data of an income distribution are shown to follow the same autoregressive pattern as does mean income. Under the null hypothesis of a unit root log GNP is cointegrated with the percentile data. A sequence of augmented HEGY-Tests, however, presents strong evidence against the unit root hypothesis for the distribution data and hence for log GNP. Using a full information estimation procedure for the percentiles under the alternative yields an estimate of the autoregressive coefficient which is in principle testable by an approximate Dickey-Hasza-Fuller test. The appropriate critical values are found by bootstrap methods. Again, inference is clearly unfavorable for the unit root hypothesis.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the ESEM 1993 in Uppsala. I thank Prof. Jürgen Wolters, seminar participants at the Free University of Berlin and an anonymous referee of this journal for valuable comments. The usual disclaimer applies.     

城市各收入阶层的消费者行为特征研究

改革开放以来,我国居民收入分配差距的变化是巨大的,这种收入差距的扩大导致了不同收入阶层的形成,各个收入阶层又形成了各自的消费者行为特征。低收入阶层主要是下岗职工、失业人员、靠打零工或摆小摊养家糊口的人、较早退休或内定退休的集体企业职工、停产或半停产企业职工以及领取最低生活保障的残疾人和孤寡老人。中等收入阶层主要由政府公职人员、国有企业职工、科教文卫人员、个体经营者等组成。他们的收入基本稳定,在满足日常消费之外有一定的结余。高收入阶层主要是企事业单位的管理人员、演艺界和体育界的明星,律师、医生等。各个收入阶层的消费为国家的宏观消费政策的制定提供支撑。     

Hicks's Valuation of Social income: an appraisal *

This paper attempts to reconstruct and assess the intellectual itinerary of Hicks on the valuation of social income. His 1958 and 1981 papers on that topic have been wholly ignored in the economic literature. In both of them differentmeasures of real income are provided. These show to what extenteach one of them can be relied upon. Our assessment argues that it is impossible to measure social income independentlyof the reasons for which that measure is required and that any valuation cannot ultimatelybe made independently of political and ethical considerations.     

Income comparison and happiness: The role of fair income distribution

Relative income gap is one of the most popular approaches for explaining the income–happiness relationship. We argue in this article that when people compare their incomes, they care about distributional fairness more than relative income disparity. It is difficult for us to explain China's income–happiness paradox if we simply compare the income gap and do not explore the income‐generation process leading to income inequality. We therefore employ an approach based on a responsibility‐sensitive theory of justice that decomposes individual income into fair and unfair components. As a proxy for distributional unfairness, unfair income is considered the main source of unhappiness. Using data from the Chinese Household Income Project survey, we find strong support for the negative relationship between income unfairness and happiness. We also find a significantly positive relationship between the relative income gap and income unfairness, which leads us to consider the income comparison hypothesis as the explanation for the income–happiness paradox in a new light. Sensitivity analyses confirm the robustness of our results.     

Inequality and income: The mediating effects of social spending and risk

This paper estimates models of social spending, income risk, and per capita income levels using data from a post-war panel of OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries. The objective is to test two theories about the pathway from inequality to per capita income. According to one theory, inequality reduces incomes because it induces social spending, which acts as a drag on the economy. The results here suggest, however, that inequality does not seem to induce social spending, and social spending does not seem to lower per capita incomes. According to a second theory, inequality causes upheaval which adds to the volatility of per capita income, which may reduce the level of per capita income. The results suggest, however, that volatility, measured here as the standard deviation of per capita income, has little measurable impact on either per capita income or social spending. The mainsprings of per capita income are more likely to be the traditional factors: the work force, human capital, and physical capital.
JEL classification: E6.