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1.
Wai-Sum Siu 《The Service Industries Journal》2013,33(5):150-161
This study attempts to extend the four-factor MACH IV scale for cruel, exploitative, deceitful behaviours (Machiavellianism), designed in a North American and university student context, to the competitive business environment in the Asia-Pacific region: Hong Kong, Singapore, and Australia. A confirmatory factory analysis, with listwise deletion of missing data, is performed on the responses from 454 Hong Kong, 108 Singaporean and 94 Australian banking executives. The results suggest that the factor structure of the Machiavellianism scale is only confirmed in the Hong Kong sample, but not that of Singapore and Australia. 相似文献
2.
This research showed that entrepreneurial spirit among East Asian Chinese youths is predicted by personality characteristics such as risk‐taking propensity, persistence, and internal locus of control, as well as by motivational factors such as love for money and desire for security. Generally, these characteristics are not prevalent in an East Asian culture. The underlying predictors, however, differed for Hong Kong and Singapore. Risk taking was a common predictor for both groups, while persistence was a predictor for Hong Kong, and internal locus of control and love for money were significant for Singapore. Entrepreneurial spirit was associated with beliefs in ethics and self‐indulgence for oneself, but not philanthropy. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
3.
Ethical development among business students is a perplexing issue when they behave even less ethically than business professionals. A prior study shows that business students in Hong Kong are more reluctant to behave ethically than those in other countries in some occasions. Based on an integrated model of ethical philosophy and cognitive development, the present study attempts to assess the ethical reasoning and Machiavellianism of 470 business students in Hong Kong. It measured ethical reasoning by means of two ethical dilemmas and the result indicated the deficiency of ethical reasoning among the students. With structural equation modeling, the analysis first discerned a factor of ethical reasoning. It then verified that ethical reasoning and Machiavellianism reflected a superordinate factor, termed as ethical predisposition. The modeling further revealed that having studied in college longer contributed to the student's ethical predisposition. However, majoring in marketing was associated with the student's lower ethical predisposition. These results were not susceptible to the confounding of the student's tendency toward acquiescence and social desirability. 相似文献
4.
Guanxi (literally interpersonal connections) is in essence a network of resource coalition-based stakeholders sharing resources
for survival, and it plays a key role in achieving business success in China. However, the salience of guanxi stakeholders varies: not all guanxi relationships are necessary, and among the necessary guanxi participants, not all are equally important. A hierarchical stakeholder model of guanxi is developed drawing upon Mitchell et al.’s (1997) stakeholder salience theory and Anderson’s (1982) constituency theory. As an application of instrumental stakeholder theory, the model dimensionalizes the notion of stakeholder
salience, and distinguishes between and among internal and external guanxi, core, major, and peripheral guanxi, and primary and secondary guanxi stakeholders. Guanxi management principles are developed based on a hierarchy of guanxi priorities and management specializations. The goal of this application of instrumental stakeholder theory is to construct,
for Western business firms in China, a means to reliably identify guanxi partners by employing the principles of effective guanxi. These principles are described in the form of testable propositions that advance social scientific research in this area
of international business ethics.
Chenting Su is Associate Professor of Marketing at City University of Hong Kong. He is also Adjunct Professor at Wuhan University,
P.R. China. He previously taught at the University of Victoria, Canada, He writes for Journal of Marketing Research, International Journal of Research in Marketing, Journal of Travel Research, Journal of Business
Ethics, Psychology & Marketing, International Journal of Market Research, Service Marketing Quarterly, Research in Marketing,
and others. He presently serves as Executive Director of China Marketing Association, P.R. China.
Ronald K. Mitchell is Professor of Entrepreneurship and J. A. Bagley Regents Chair in Management in the Rawls College of Business
at Texas Tech University. He publishes in the areas of new value creation and stakeholder theory. From 1999–2002 he held a
joint appointment in strategy and public policy in the Guanghua School of Management at Peking University, Beijing, PRC. He
has won numerous awards for research and program building; presently serves in the leadership of the AOM Entrepreneurship
Division; and is Co-Editor for the Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice three-volume Special Issue on Entrepreneurial Cognition.
Joe Sirgy is Professor of Marketing and Virginia Real Estate Research Fellow at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
(Virginia Tech). He has published extensively in the area of business ethics and quality-of-life (QOL) research in relation
to theory, philosophy, measurement, business, and public policy. He co-founded the International Society for Quality-of-Life
Studies (ISQOLS) in 1995 and is currently serving as its Executive Director. He received the Distinguished Fellow Award from
both the Academy of Marketing Science and ISQOLS. In 2003, ISQOLS recognized him as the Distinguished QOL Researcher for research
excellence and a record of lifetime achievement in QOL research. He also is the current JMM section editor on QOL issues and
a co-editor of Applied Research in Quality of Life. 相似文献
5.
Consumer Ethics: A Cross-Cultural Study of the Ethical Beliefs of Turkish and American Consumers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The ethical climate in Turkey is beset by ethical problems. Bribery, environmental pollution, tax frauds, deceptive advertising, production of unsafe products, and the ethical violations that involved politicians and business professionals are just a few examples. The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast the ethical beliefs of American and Turkish consumers using the Ethical Position Questionnaire (EPQ) of Forsyth (1980), the Machiavellianism scale, and the Consumer Ethical Practices of Muncy and Vitell questionnaire (MVQ). A sample of 376 subjects that consists of American consumers (n = 188) and Turkish consumers (n = 199) was used to compare the ethical beliefs and practices of the two samples. The MANOVA results for the two nationality groups found that five out of six criterion variables differed between the two groups. The implications of this study are intended to assist marketers to develop strategies that suit a particular market and lessen their risk of entry.
Mohammed Y.A. Rawwas is Professor of Marketing at the University of Northern Iowa. He also taught as a Visiting Professor at a range of universities in Japan, France, Austria,
Russia, China, Hong Kong, Trinidad and Tobago. His areas of research include ethical and social issues in marketing, cross-cultural studies, marketing education, and supply chain
management. He has published extensively across these areas including works in Journal of Business Research, International Marketing Review, Journal of Consumer Ethics, and Journal of Marketing Education, among others.Ziad Swaidan is Assistant Professor of Marketing at the University
of Houston-Victoria. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Mississippi. His research has appeared in several journals, including the Journal of Business Ethics, and
International Business Review, among others.
Mine Oyman is Assistant Professor of Marketing at Anadolu University in Turkey. Her areas of research include consumer ethics, cross-cultural studies, and marketing education. She
has presented previous works at a range of international and local conferences. 相似文献
6.
《International Business Review》2021,30(5):101863
By building on insights from institutional isomorphism, this paper investigates the development paths of latecomer business schools in Hong Kong, (South) Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. The global isomorphic pressure prevalent in higher education (e.g. the global regime of rankings) drives latecomers to imitate the practices of incumbents in order to enhance their academic impact through business and management research. Our study argues that latecomers respond to global isomorphism by forging their own paths. Our analysis shows that business knowledge production in Hong Kong and Singapore was more responsive to coercive (research strategy) and normative (faculty recruitment strategy) isomorphic pressure than Korea and Taiwan. The response to mimetic isomorphic pressure (co-authorship strategy) was less salient in Hong Kong and Taiwan than in Singapore and Korea. Further, we find that research, faculty recruitment, and co-authorship strategies affect the academic impact (citations) of the higher education institutions across each country differently. Our study sheds new light on the role of global isomorphism in the emergence of latecomer business schools. 相似文献
7.
8.
A Study on Ethically Problematic Selling Methods in China with a Broaden
Concept of Gray-marketing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper expands the definition of gray-marketing to include some ethically problematic marketing activities and techniques
used in personal selling in China. Based on this, a conceptual model of gray-marketing for a particular type of selling in
which both the sellers and the buyers exhibit problematic ethics in an exchange and the associated hypotheses are developed
and tested. The findings show that, first, the respondents have different ethical evaluations of different marketing practices
used in personal selling such as giving and accepting gifts, buying and accepting meals, and offering and accepting kickbacks.
Some of these practices may not be considered unethical. Second, in terms of ethical assessment, gray-marketing practiced
by buying agents is more unacceptable than when practiced by sales agents. Third, a person’s ethical evaluation of gray-marketing
behavior, empathy for gray-marketing, and belief that gray-marketing has serious consequences, significantly affects his inclination
to use gray-marketing. This paper concludes with a discussion of some possible applications of our research findings.
Both authors contributed equally to this work.
Guijun Zhuang (Ph.D., City University of Hong Kong) is a professor of marketing in the School of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China. His current research interests include marketing channel behaviors, relationship
marketing, and consumer choice. He has published in European Journal of Marketing, Industrial Marketing Management, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, and many leading marketing and management journals in China.
Alex S.L. Tsang (Ph.D., City University of Hong Kong) is an assistant professor at the Department of Marketing, Hong Kong
Baptist University. His research currently focuses on cross-cultural consumer behavior, marketing in China, and marketing
communication. He has published in Journal of Business Research, European Journal of Marketing, and Business Horizons, among others. 相似文献
9.
Hung-Gay Fung Wai-Chung Lo Wai K. Leung 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2013,22(2):171-183
This study uses vector autoregressive analysis to examine the dynamic interactions of monthly real stock returns, return volatility, exchange rates, export growth and import growth for Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan for the period 1975–91. We find that exports and imports have significant interactions. The results also indicate that stock returns in Hong Kong and Singapore Granger-cause trade flows. Return volatility is found to react strongly to trade news in all four countries, a result supporting the efficient-market hypothesis. 相似文献
10.
The importance of personal connections and relationships, or guanxi when doing business with the Chinese is widely acknowledged amongst Western academics and business managers alike. However,
aspects of guanxi-related behaviours in the workplace are often misunderstood by Westerners with some going so far as to equate guanxi with forms of corruption. This study extends earlier study of Tan and Snell: 2002, Journal of Business Ethics
41(December), 361–384) in its investigation of the underlying modes of moral reasoning in ethical decisions relating to aspects
of guanxi, amongst Hong Kong managers. Managers’ ethical judgements and underlying moral reasoning relating to a series of guanxi-related behaviours were recorded. Content analysis yielded categories that correspond with categories of moral reasoning
described in Kohlberg’s (1969, Handbook of Socialization Theory and Research, Rand McNally, Chicago, pp. 347–480) model. As hypothesised, it was found that harsher ethical evaluations of guanxi-related behaviours were positively correlated with the stage of moral reasoning. The most common types of reasoning were
those corresponding to Kohlberg’s stages four and five which relate to moral reasoning based on law and order, and on reason
rather than emotion. Stage 6, concerned with more universalistic approaches to moral reasoning, was utilised considerably
less, consistent with popularly held beliefs of the relativistic nature of Chinese ethics. 相似文献
11.
This paper compares the performance and capital flow to emerging market hedge funds located in the US with those of the funds located in other countries. I find that the US funds on average provided neither a positive risk-adjusted return nor a liquidity premium to compensate for the stronger share restrictions they imposed than the other funds during 1994–2012. Quarterly flow to the US funds was 1.25 to 7.88 times higher but it was less sensitive to past performance. Smart money effect was observed among the Caribbean funds, Hong Kong funds and Singapore funds, but not among the US funds. 相似文献
12.
This paper investigates the relationship between ethics and income among individuals of different religions in the HKSAR of
China. The presence of both traditional Chinese religion and Christianity from the West makes our study particularly interesting.
The content of ethical beliefs varies with religion and thus the effect of ethics on income may also vary across religion.
Furthermore, a reverse causal relationship may run from income to ethics. Since culture and taste affect the consumption behavior
of a person, depending on the religion of the person, a person with a higher income may or may not like to ‘acquire’ more
ethics. Our empirical results find that there is indeed a simultaneous relationship between income and being ethical so that
a single equation estimation of income on ethics and vice versa generates biased estimates. Using a two-stage instrumental
variable estimation, our study finds that being ethical contributes to higher income for Christians and the non-religious
group, but lowers it for people of traditional Chinese religion. On the other hand, an increase in income increases the likelihood
of a person’s being ethical for both Christians and the people of traditional Chinese religion, but reduces it for the non-religious
group.
Dr. Kit-Chun LAM is Professor in Economics Department of the Hong Kong Baptist University. She is also Guest Professor in
the Centre for Business Ethics of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, China. Her work has appeared in the Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Labor Economics, Journal of Comparative Economics, Canadian Journal of Economics, Economica
and Labour Economics.
Dr. Bill Hung is Associate Professor in Economics Department of the Hong Kong Baptist University. His work has appeared in
the Journal of International Money and Finance, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, Pacific-Basin Finance Journal,
Atlantic Economic Journal, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, etc. 相似文献
13.
With the current globalisation and complexity of today’s business environment, there are increasing concerns on the role of
business ethics. Using culture and religion as the determinants, this paper presents a cross-national study of attitudes toward
business ethics among three countries: Australia, Singapore and Hong Kong. The results of this paper have shown the attitudes
toward business ethics to be significantly different among the three countries. It was also found that respondents who practised
their religion tend to consider themselves more ethically minded than those who do not. Additional findings on gender have
also revealed significant differences between the males and females for respondents in Singapore and Australia. Males are
generally considered more ethical than females across the three countries studied.
Dr. Ian Phau teaches Marketing at the Curtin University of Technology. He is an avid researcher in the area of country image
and branding issues. He also edits a peer reviewed marketing journal.
Garick Kea is a researcher with the Curtin University of Technology. His research interests include consumer ethnocentrism,
Consumer Animosity and marketing ethics. 相似文献
14.
The 1997 Asian crisis illustrated the need to develop local bond markets to reduce vulnerabilities to future mismatches in currency and maturity. This article examines a regional initiative – the Pan-Asian Bond Index Fund – and tests the implications for portfolio diversification. Intra- and inter-regional transmission of bond market volatilities between Hong Kong, Singapore and South Korea and from the United States and Japan is investigated. The results show that since Hong Kong and Singapore are highly integrated into global capital markets, the prospects of diversification of investment become undermined. The study provides evidence to assist policy makers in designing bond-index funds as a strategy for portfolio diversification to promote regional bond markets. 相似文献
15.
The Hong Kong (HKEx) and Singapore (SGX) exchanges remain conflicted about high frequency trading (HFT), reflecting the environment of private and public sector actors in which the HKEx and SGX operate. Neither exchange has resolved these conflicts, leaving the HFT controversy simmering and limiting the amounts of such trading occurring on their exchanges. Competitor exchanges in Asia, however, are more supportive of HFT. With the aid of technology providers which enable HFT, the HKEx and SGX significantly improved their trading infrastructures. At the same time, these providers developed data centres at other exchanges and built fibre-optic connections which permit low-latency trading across Asia. Traders in Hong Kong and Singapore access these exchanges, potentially undermining the HKEx and SGX. 相似文献
16.
An analysis is presented of the relationships between consumers ethical beliefs, ethical ideology, Machiavellianism, political preference and the individual difference variable "need for closure". It is based on a representative survey of 286 Belgian respondents. Standard measurement tools of proven reliability and robustness are used to measure ethical beliefs (consumer ethics scale), ethical ideology (ethical positioning), Machiavellianism (Mach IV scale) and need for closure. The analysis finds the following. First, individuals with a high need for closure tend to have beliefs that are more ethical as regards possible consumer actions, and score higher on idealism and lower on Machiavellianism, than those with a low need for closure. Second, a correlation exists between political preference and ethical beliefs. Third, a significant relationship exists between ethical ideology and political preference for the two largest political parties. Fourth, individuals with a high and low need for closure have different political preferences for right-wing and left-wing parties. 相似文献
17.
Scott J. Vitell James R. Lumpkin Mohammed Y. A. Rawwas 《Journal of Business Ethics》1991,10(5):365-375
Business and especially marketing ethics have come to the forefront in recent years. While consumers have been surveyed regarding their perceptions of ethical business and marketing practices, research has been minimal with regard to their perceptions of ethical consumer practices. In addition, few studies have examined the ethical beliefs of elderly consumers even though they are an important and rapidly growing segment. This research investigates the relationship between Machiavellianism, ethical ideology and ethical beliefs for elderly consumers. The results indicate that elderly consumers, while generally being more ethical than younger consumers, are diverse in their eithical beliefs.
Dr Scott J. Vitell is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at the University of Mississippi. His publications have appeared in the Journal of Macromarketing, the Journal of Business Ethics, the Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, Research in Marketing, various national and regional proceedings, and elsewhere.
Dr James R. Lumpkin is the Gene Brauns Professor of Marketing at the University of Southwestern Louisiana. He has been published in such journals as the American Journal of Small Business, Journal of Retailing, Journal of Management, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Advertising, Journal of Advertising Research, The Gerontologist, Psychological Reports, Industrial Marketing Management, and Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science and other scholarly journals.
Mohammed Y. A. Rawwas is a doctoral student of Marketing at the University of Mississippi. His publications have appeared in Medical Marketing and Media and national proceedings. 相似文献
18.
企业在不同资本市场之间的选择往往是上市过程中一个重要决策。上市地点是否会影响其后续业绩表现以及价值?文章基于中国内地房地产企业数据的研究发现,在中国香港上市的企业比在中国内地上市的企业经营业绩更优,而两者在股市价值上并无显著差别。另外,在(中国)香港上市的房地产企业中,国有企业股市价值低于非国有企业;而在中国内地上市的房地产企业中,国有企业股市价值高于非国有企业。研究结果说明,证券市场完善的监管有利于降低代理人问题,提高企业经营业绩。 相似文献
19.
《Services Marketing Quarterly》2013,34(2):41-53
ABSTRACT This research was designed to investigate consumers' attitudes towards professional advertising in Hong Kong. Three hundred consumers were surveyed on their attitudes towards professional advertising by accountants, doctors and lawyers practicing in Hong Kong. The results found that, in general, professionals in Hong Kong enjoyed a high image and consumers believed that advertising would not significantly affect the current favourable image enjoyed by professionals in Hong Kong. In addition, consumers believed that professional advertising could serve as a means to acquire information. However, they also believed that advertising would increase the cost of professional services. 相似文献
20.
This study focuses on the differences in the perception of business ethics across two groups of management students from France
and Romania (n = 220). Data was collected via the ATBEQ to measure preferences for three business philosophies: Machiavellianism, Social
Darwinism, and Moral Objectivism. The results show that Romanian students present more favorable attitudes toward Machiavellianism
than French students; whereas, French students valued Social Darwinism and Moral Objectivism more highly. For Machiavellianism
and Moral Objectivism the results are consistent with the literature and our hypotheses. However, contrary to our expectations,
we find that Social Darwinism is more important in France than Romania. The results indicate that religious practice does
not influence preferences for the three business philosophies. In terms of gender differences, women have less favorable attitudes
toward Machiavellianism and more favorable attitudes toward Moral Objectivism than men. 相似文献