基于DSGE模型的社会融资规模与货币政策传导研究

本文从宏观经济理论出发,建立动态随机一般均衡模型的分析框架,探讨社会融资规模与货币政策传导关系。建模中,金融市场包括直接融资市场与间接融资市场,引入摩擦系数反映金融市场信息不对称。模拟结果表明：货币政策调整对间接融资市场与直接融资市场均产生显著影响,社会融资规模指标将更能反映货币政策调整对资金供给的影响,其变动对宏观经济的影响要大于银行信贷变动的影响;若信贷额度控制,窗口指导等政策导致贷款难度变大,银行信贷将会向直接融资转移,从而从社会融资规模角度考察资金供给将更全面。因此,社会融资规模作为货币政策中间目标是可行的,比银行信贷指标能够更全面地反映货币政策传导过程。     

基于比较静态分析法的货币政策信贷渠道研究

通过比较静态分析法对货币政策信贷传导渠道的研究结果表明,法定存款准备金率的变动能引起贷款利率、信贷规模以及实际产出的变动,而政府控制通过影响利率的变动对产出也有积极效果,但对银行利差的影响不太确定.     

银行治理影响货币政策传导的银行贷款渠道吗?——来自中国银行业的证据

本文通过理论模型推导以及运用面板GLS对中国货币政策传导的银行贷款渠道理论进行了检验,并验证了银行治理在货币政策传导的银行贷款渠道中的作用。结论显示,董事会规模和独立性对贷款规模影响较小;第一大股东性质和上市特征对贷款规模和货币政策敏感度产生显著影响;股东与股东大会、高管层以及监事会三方面的治理水平差异是导致不同银行贷款行为对货币政策反应不同的主要原因。     

货币政策与企业资本结构关系研究

本文以2009年至2013年A股上市公司为研究样本,从资金供给方角度,研究了货币政策变动通过利率及信贷两大传导机制对企业资本结构的影响。研究发现,货币政策作为宏观政策层面因素,对企业的资本结构具有显著影响。在利率传导机制下,贷款利率、存贷利差分别与企业资产负债率呈负相关、正相关关系。在信贷传导机制下,信贷规模增长率与企业资产负债率呈正相关关系,且其对资本结构的解释力度强于利率传导机制下的贷款利率和存贷利差。另外,不同期限的贷款利率、存贷利差以及信贷规模增长率对于企业的负债期限结构有一定的替代效应。并且长期负债对货币政策的变动相较流动负债来说更为敏感。     

为什么中国仍需关注贷款波动

中国从1996年放弃贷款规模控制，转向以货币供应量为中介目标的货币政策，至今已逾8年，但是，从货币当局到经济学家对贷款总额依然保持着高度的关注，甚至有经济学家认为贷款总额比货币总额对于宏观经济更为重要。从理论上讲，金融机构的贷款变动是其经营活动的结果，往往仅仅反映其资产的变动与调整，更多的是一个微观问题。     

外汇储备变动对货币政策到底产生什么影响

我国的外汇储备已达到6099.32亿美元.从开放经济条件下外汇储备与一国货币政策的内在联系与作用机制.我国外汇储备的现状及国际外汇储备状况、我国外汇储备规模是否适度、外汇储备变动对我国货币政策的影响和优化我国外汇储备的政策建议等五个方面研究了外汇储备变动对货币政策产生的影响.     

论我国货币政策调控与股票市场的发展

随着资本市场,尤其是股票市场的迅猛发展,股票价格的变动对物价、就业、国际收支乃至国民经济发展的影响越来越大。并从货币需求稳定性、货币政策最终目标、调控方式等方面对货币政策产生影响。要利用利率等货币政策工具对股票市场进行调控,使其在正常范围内波动,协助其他调控目标的实现,最终实现宏观经济目标。     

央行资产负债表变化与流动性管理

金融危机后,中美央行资产负债表规模变化趋势相近,但在结构变化及其对流动性的影响方面存在明显差别。本文在对比中美央行资产负债表结构的基础上,基于贷款创造存款理论,探讨货币政策操作方式与效果的差异及其原因。在判断货币政策变动趋势时,不能仅观察央行资产负债表规模,更要关注其结构变化,并综合考虑准备金的供求关系,尤其是超额准备金、法定准备金率等对银行信贷扩张能力约束的变化。     

利率市场化的宏观经济效应——基于DSGE模型的研究

利率市场化的深入推进,必将改变经济主体的行为方式,引致宏观经济变动。通过构建包括家庭部门、企业部门、金融部门和中央银行在内的动态随机一般均衡模型,在利率管制、部分市场化、完全市场化三种情形下模拟货币需求冲击、技术冲击、贷款冲击、利率冲击对宏观经济的影响。结果表明,货币需求冲击和利率冲击对经济产生负向影响,技术冲击和贷款冲击对经济产生正向影响,前者随利率市场化程度的上升而增大,后者随利率市场化程度的上升而下降。我国在利率完全市场化后,中央银行可以通过利率变动以平滑宏观经济波动,提高货币政策的传导效率和调控效果。     

我国外汇储备变动对货币政策的影响

本文认为在开放经济条件下,一国外汇储备与国内货币供应量关系为:外汇储备变动是货币供给的重要渠道。外汇占款是基础货币的一部分,其数量变化会对货币政策产生影响。经常项目顺差和资本顺差对货币政策效应的影响不同。     

Taiwanese Mutual Fund Performance Under Different Central Bank of China Monetary Policy Environments

This study examines the performance of mutual funds under different Central Bank of China monetary policy environments in the emerging Taiwan market. To measure monetary policy changes effectively, we exploit changes in the discount rate and further categorize the monetary environment as either restrictive or expansive. We consider a restrictive monetary environment to be a period in which the discount rate rises, whereas an expansive monetary condition is a period in which the discount rate drops. It is found that all mutual funds, both domestic and international funds, exhibit a higher mean return, lower risk, and higher Sharpe and Treynor ratios under expansive monetary policy environments. Regression results show that domestic mutual fund returns are related significantly to local monetary policy. Furthermore, after controlling for the possible effect of macro factors on the association between the monetary policy dummy variable and mutual fund returns, the significant influence of monetary policy on domestic mutual fund returns remains robust. In contrast, changes in U.S. monetary policy stringency, in general, do not affect the performance of either domestic or international mutual funds in Taiwan.     

Macroeconomic shocks and the forward yield curve: how important is monetary policy?

The associations between macroeconomic fluctuations and the yield curve tend to be explained by the reactions of the monetary authority. This paper evaluates how macroeconomics shocks affect the forward yield curve for domestic and foreign debt markets in Venezuela, where monetary policy is not the main source of macroeconomic fluctuations. As previous results in the literature, macroeconomic shocks affect more strongly the short end of the yield curve in the expected direction. Overall, supply shocks explain most of the variability of long-term yields, spread and volatility. Nonetheless, short-term yield movements can be associated with general monetary conditions of the economy and not necessarily with monetary policy actions.     

Capital controls and monetary policy autonomy in a small open economy

Is there a link between capital controls and monetary policy autonomy in a country with a floating currency? Shocks to capital flows into a small open economy lead to volatility in asset prices and credit supply. To lessen the impact of capital flows on financial instability, a central bank finds it optimal to use the domestic interest rate to “manage” the capital account. Capital account restrictions affect the behavior of optimal monetary policy following shocks to the foreign interest rate. Capital controls allow optimal monetary policy to focus less on the foreign interest rate and more on domestic variables.     

Does Monetary Policy Affect Income Inequality in the Euro Area?

This paper examines how the ECB's expansionary monetary policy affects income inequality in 10 euro area countries over the period 1999–2014. We distinguish two channels—labor-market and financial—through which monetary policy can have distributional effects. The labor-market channel is captured by wages and employment and the financial channel by asset prices and returns. We find that expansionary monetary policy in the euro area reduces income inequality, especially in the periphery countries. The labor-market channel enhances the equalizing effect: monetary expansion reduces income inequality stronger by raising wages and employment. There is limited evidence for the financial channel.     

Cross-border acquisitions and employment policies

Using novel firm-level data on employment quality in an international sample of M&A deals, this paper investigates the cost-benefit trade-off faced by acquirers when providing generous employment policies. We find that shareholders react more positively to deal announcements by acquirers providing generous employee incentives when the deal is domestic, but negatively when the deal is cross-border. These effects are primarily driven by the provision of monetary incentives and are strongest for firms in skilled industries. We argue that generous employment policies increase synergy gains and reduce labor adjustment costs in a domestic takeover. In cross-border deals, however, costs associated with managing employee policies across borders and lack of opportunities for eliminating work duplication negatively affect acquirer returns. Nevertheless, we find that country-specific acquisition experience can mitigate these negative effects. Our results cannot be explained by country-level labor regulations or by target-level employment policies.     

International spillovers of monetary policy: Lessons from Chile,Korea, and Poland

In this paper, we assess evidence on international monetary policy spillovers to domestic bank lending in Chile, Korea, and Poland, using confidential bank-level data and different measures of monetary policy shocks in relevant currency areas. These three emerging market economies are small and open, their banking systems do not have significant presence overseas, and they can be considered as price takers in the world economy. Such features allow for better identification of binding financial constraints and foreign monetary policy shocks. We find that the monetary policy shocks spill over into domestic bank lending, modifying the degree to which financial frictions tighten or relax, and this evidence is consistent with international bank lending and portfolio channels.     

U.S. Monetary Regimes and Optimal Monetary Policy in the Euro Area

Monetary policy in the United States has been documented to have switched from reacting weakly to inflation fluctuations during the 1970s, to fighting inflation aggressively from the early 1980s onward. In this paper, I analyze the impact of the U.S. monetary policy regime switches on the Eurozone. I construct a New Keynesian two‐country model where foreign (U.S.) monetary policy switches regimes over time. I estimate the model for the U.S. and the Euro Area using quarterly data and find that the United States has switched between those two regimes, in line with existing evidence. I show that foreign regime switches affect home (Eurozone) inflation and output volatility and their responses to shocks, substantially, as long as the home central bank commits to a time‐invariant interest rate rule reacting to domestic conditions only. Optimal policy in the home country instead requires that the home central bank reacts strongly to domestic producer‐price inflation and to international variables, such as imported goods relative prices. In fact, I show that currency misalignments and relative prices play a crucial role in the transmission of foreign monetary policy regime switches internationally. Interestingly, I show that only marginal gains arise for the Euro Area when the European Central Bank (ECB) adjusts its policy according to the monetary regime in the United States. Thus, a simple time‐invariant monetary policy rule with a strong reaction to Producer Price Index (PPI) inflation and relative prices is enough to counteract the effects of monetary policy switches in the United States.     

International interest rates and US monetary policy announcements: Evidence from Hong Kong and Singapore

This paper investigates the responses of market interest rates to US monetary policy announcements for the US and two emerging economies, Hong Kong and Singapore which are similar on many respects but have experienced opposite exchange rate regimes in the last twenty years. Our results, based on market expectations extracted from federal fund futures rates, document that FOMC announcements significantly affect the term structure of interest rate in the US and both Asian countries. Further, international interest rate differentials around FOMC meeting dates tend to be negative for short maturities with the impact gradually dissipating as bond maturity increases. Finally, for the case of Singapore, we find that domestic interest rates react to both external and domestic monetary policy announcements with a magnitude that is larger over the full bond maturity spectrum for domestic announcements. These results are robust to time-varying futures risk premia and alternative measures of interest rates expectations.     

International monetary policy transmission through banks in small open economies

This paper studies the international transmission of monetary policy through banks in small open economies using the examples of Switzerland and Canada. We assess the inward transmission of foreign monetary policy for Switzerland and the outward transmission of domestic monetary policy for Canada. In both country cases, we focus on the international bank lending and the international portfolio channel, which make opposing predictions about how monetary policy transmits internationally through banks. Our results on the inward transmission of foreign monetary policy through banks in Switzerland are consistent with a role for the international portfolio channel, but we find no evidence for the traditional international bank lending channel. The results on the outward transmission of domestic monetary policy in Canada suggest that foreign lending by Canadian banks is affected through both channels, which work as predicted and largely balance each other.     

No Job,No Money,No Refi: Frictions to Refinancing in a Recession

We study how employment documentation requirements and out-of-pocket closing costs constrain mortgage refinancing. These frictions, which bind most severely during recessions, may significantly inhibit monetary policy pass-through. To study their effects on refinancing, we exploit a Federal Housing Administration policy change that excluded unemployed borrowers from refinancing and increased others' out-of-pocket costs substantially. These changes dramatically reduced refinancing rates, particularly among the likely unemployed and those facing new out-of-pocket costs. Our results imply that unemployed and liquidity-constrained borrowers have a high latent demand for refinancing. Cyclical variation in these factors may therefore affect both the aggregate and distributional consequences of monetary policy.