The liquidity of the London capital markets, 1825–70†

This article examines the liquidity of the London capital markets in the decades following the liberalization of UK incorporation law. Using comprehensive stock and bond data, we calculate a measure of market liquidity for the period 1825–70. We find that stock market liquidity trended upwards but bond market liquidity did not increase over the sample period. Stock market liquidity during our sample period was partially influenced by the bond market, rather than fluctuations in economic output. In our analysis of the cross‐sectional determinants of individual stock liquidity, we find that firm size and the number of issued shares were important determinants of liquidity.  Finally, we find little evidence of an illiquidity premium, which is consistent with the view that investors did not price liquidity in this nascent market.     

我国债券市场流动性分析及对策探讨

流动性是债券市场其生命力所在,本文首先从债券市场流动性内涵入手,然后对我国债券市场流动性的现状,尤其是对2000～2009年整体债券市场、国债以及企业债券流动性进行了具体的分析,最后在对影响我国债券市场流动性的投资结构、券种结构以及做市商制度进行了分析,并从这三个方面提供了相对于的提高债券市场流动性的措施。     

The effects of Bank of Japan’s liquidity provision on the year-end premium

The premium on interbank money market rates arises over year-end periods as a result of the Japanese business practice of periodic settlement. This paper examines to what extent the Bank of Japan’s liquidity provision reduced the year-end premium in Japan. We find that the funds-supplying operations over the year-end and the fiscal year-end of 2008 had the largest effects during the period from 2006 to 2008, reflecting the fact that the Bank of Japan significantly expanded liquidity provision in response to the decrease in market liquidity under the financial turmoil.     

流动性过剩取向及其关联因素

流动性过剩的研究可以按经济部门划分为五类,即银行体系的流动性过剩、货币流动性过剩、企业和公众的流动性过剩、市场流动性过剩和全球流动性过剩。不同类型的流动性过剩的概念、衡量方法存在很大差异。我国流动性过剩的产生与经济发展、储蓄投资模式以及金融结构等密切相关,鉴于此,对于目前国内的流动性过剩状况应采取综合治理对策。     

Liquidity provision and optimal bank regulation

We extend the set of regulatory instruments for banks' liquidity provision by adding a policy instrument for controlling the fraction of perfectly-liquid accounts. We demonstrate how this instrument induces self-selection on behalf of depositors who are differentiated according to their probability of facing a liquidity shock. This self-selection leads to a market segmentation, which can break the bundling of deposits with liquidity risk and, thereby, enhance welfare. The optimal regulatory policy is explicitly characterized as a function of banks' investment return, and of depositors' gain from early withdrawals to fund a realized investment opportunity.     

关于济钢非钢产业发展战略的研究

对证券市场流动性的研究 ,国外学术界涉及较深而国内尚属空白。本文首先对其内在涵义、基本特征进行界定与刻画 ;接着辨析了几对容易混淆的相关范畴 ,并阐释了流动性研究的理论意义 ;最后对其影响因素予以剖析 ,从中提炼出为我所用的对策建议。     

基于马尔可夫区制转移模型的流动性协动效应研究

历次金融危机都伴随着流动性水平的共同下降,流动性协动效应为金融危机提供潜在的动力.文章旨在研究个股与市场、行业与市场间的流动性协动效应的状态依赖特征;研究方法采用了 Markov 区制转移的向量自回归模型,随机选取了30只样本股与市场流动性水平作为研究对象;研究结果发现个股与市场流动性水平的协动性存在非对称效应,市场下跌时其协动效应更加显著,并对这一结果进行了稳健性检验.此外,基于Markov区制转移模型对行业间与市场间流动性协动效应进行研究,结果表明,在市场持续下跌时,行业与市场间以及行业之间均存在显著的流动性协动效应;然而,在非持续下跌过程中,行业间却存在流动性互补关系,并结合中国证券市场的实际情况分析了流动性协动效应产生的原因.     

中国流动性过剩与房地产市场稳定

本文在分析我国流动性现状的基础上,根据1998~2007年的年度数据进行计量分析,揭示出当前流动性过剩与我国房地产稳定间存在一定关联,这种关联主要表现为过剩的资金流向房地产市场,导致房地产市场迅速扩张,局部地区呈现出非理性的发展。本文以化解流动性过剩为出发点,分析了流动性过剩对房地产市场的影响,提出了稳定房地产市场发展的对策与建议。     

基于流动性下的股市透析

自1999年开始,中国政府开始推出了一系列的管理规定,使得货币市场和资本市场开始有了一定的衔接,货币政策的传导机制逐渐影响资本市场的价格和波动性,随着经济和社会法制的发展和完善,两个市场间的相关性逐渐密切。2005年以来,我国货币市场的流动性问题广泛受到国内学者和专家的关注,目前存在的流动性过剩以及股市持续高涨,房价泡沫现象与日本危机前所出现的经济现象有极大的相似性,本文试图从定性分析的角度来说明流动性过剩现象传导机制下的中国股市和其预期。     

我国黄金期货流动性与基差的动态关系研究

选取了我国黄金市场的三个主力合约,采用均值回复模型和Granger因果检验研究了我国黄金期货市场流动性与基差之间的动态关系,探讨资产的流动性对套利交易的影响,即高流动性是否有助于资产价格迅速回复至无套利水平。实证结果表明：（1）三个合约均值回复模型的回复速度均与其流动性成正相关关系;（2）在Granger因果检验表明,0812合约的基差和流动性之间存在着双向的Granger因果关系,0906与0912合约的流动性是基差的Granger原因,而基差不是流动性的Granger原因。本文的理论意义在于流动性与基差所表现出来动态关系在一定意义上验证了市场的有效性,即一价定律在我国黄金期货市场和现货市场基本成立,现实意义在于市场上的交易者可以通过流动性来预测基差,提高套期保值效率。     

浅析流动性过剩背景下的股市泡沫

流动性过剩已成为中国经济发展中的一个热点问题.文章分析了形成流动性过剩的国际和国内两个方面的原因.对于流动性过剩导致了中国股市繁荣的现状,文章提出了防范股市泡沫的措施.     

Disclosure Policy and Market Liquidity: Impact of Depth Quotes and Order Sizes*

This paper investigates the relation between disclosure policy and market liquidity. Our tests examine two key aspects of market liquidity, the effective bid‐ask spread and quoted depth, and how they relate to financial analysts' ratings of firms' disclosure policies. We introduce a method of combining order sizes and depth quotes to yield more precise estimates of effective spreads on trades likely constrained by quoted depth. We find that while firms with higher rated disclosures are charged lower effective spreads, they are also quoted lower depth, consistent with the notion that better disclosures reduce information asymmetry but also cause some liquidity suppliers to exit the market. Therefore, a simple examination of spreads and depths yields ambiguous inferences on the relation between disclosure policy and market liquidity. We resolve this ambiguity by estimating depth‐adjusted effective spreads, and find that firms with higher rated disclosures have lower depth‐adjusted effective spreads across all trade sizes. Consequently, our results reveal a robust inverse relation between disclosure ratings and effective trading costs. This implies that a policy of enhanced financial disclosure is related to improved market liquidity.     

Market liquidity,private information,and the cost of capital: Market microstructure studies on family firms in Japan

We investigate cost of capital, information asymmetry, and market liquidity of listed family firms vs. non-family firms in Japan. First, we find that the cost of debt is lower and the cost of equity is higher for family firms than non-family firms, but the differences are not significant. The WACC of family firms becomes higher than that for non-family firms and the difference is significant probably because family firms in Japan use less leverage. Next, we find that the stocks of family firms are traded with higher information asymmetry than non-family firms. As for information asymmetry and illiquidity measures, we utilize the variables Adjusted PIN and Probability of Symmetric Order Flow Shocks (PSOS). Concomitantly we also estimate alternate conventional measures of market liquidity as a robustness check. Overall, the evidence on liquidity is somewhat mixed, while we find family firms show higher information asymmetry, which may affect cost of equity. As a final policy implication, we recommend family firms in Japan conduct more voluntary and timely disclosure, in particular, for the benefit of general stock investors, and may want to increase leverage to reduce the WACC.     

中国上市银行流动性风险综合评价研究——基于因子分析法的应用

文章从流动性储备、负债稳定性、期限结构错配程度、资本充足性、市场利率风险和盈利性六个维度选择12个流动性风险评价指标,基于因子分析法对中国上市银行2012年底的流动性风险进行综合评价。实证结论显示:同业负债成为新的银行流动性风险诱因;中长期贷款占比的下降有助于改善资产负债期限错配,降低流动性风险。现行的流动性风险监管指标难以全面反映银行流动性风险的实情,建议增加"同业负债比例"和"流动负债依存度"两个指标。     

The identification of liquidity effects in the EMS: Italy 1991–1992

We study the impact of liquidity shocks in Italy in the 1991–1992 period, when the lira belonged to the narrow ERM band with no exchange controls. We conduct our analysis by constructing (not simply assuming) predetermined measures of liquidity supply shocks, taking into account the institutional features of the money market and the reserve requirements' average computation system. We find that the supply of liquidity did significantly affect short-term interest rates; however, in contrast to earlier periods, most of the interest rate variations were attributable to foreign-exchange-related factors, as predicted by the asymmetric view of the ERM.     

印花税政策调整对市场反应影响研究

文章使用中国A股市场的日数据检验了印花税税率的调整对市场流动性、市场的波动和股票异常收益率的影响.实证的结果表明,印花税税率的变化和市场流动性呈反向关系,但并不总是如此.与一般认知不同的是,无论印花税税率的增加还是减少都不会引起市场波动加剧.相应的,股票异常收益率对对印花税税率的变化也并不总是敏感的.基于上述实证结果,文章认为印花税并不是调控证券市场的有效政策工具.     

流动性过剩与资产价格泡沫——基于中国数据的实证分析

流动性过剩已经成为我国宏观经济运行中的热点问题。流动性过剩是什么,流动性产生的根源有来自国际的因素,也有国内的因素。流动性过剩严重影响我国的宏观经济运行,推动CPI指数上扬,造成股票市场、房地产市场泡沫。本文通过建立计量经济模型,对流动性过剩与资产价格泡沫之间的相关性进行实证分析,并进一步分析流动性过剩的影响传导机制。     

Financial stability gap and private investment nexus: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa

The illiquidity status of financial institutions widens up the financial stability gap, hence affecting other economic agents that depend on the financial sector. The objective of the study is to determine how the financial stability gap affects private investment in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Annual time series secondary data from 33 SSA countries for the period 2007–2018 was used. Using the general methods of moments (GMM) estimation technique, we found that the financial stability gap beyond 109.9% becomes detrimental to private sector investment while government effectiveness and investment by the government improve private investment. The study recommends that financial institutions undertake liquidity protection measures as a means of protecting the stability status, while SSA governments invest in the economy and provide the needed business environment for private sector investment.     

基于流动性风险的行为资产定价模型研究

从行为金融的研究视角，本研究建立了一种简洁的流动性风险均衡模型。本文将流动性因素纳入股票横截面收益的关键影响因素，构建了基于流动性风险调整的行为资产定价模型，利用欧拉方程确定了模型均衡价格。在一般均衡框架下。本文揭示了买卖差价、交易频率和市场效率等因素以流动性偏好形式对资产价格的影响机理。在连续双向拍卖交易机制下，本文利用仿真检验了均衡价格的形成过程．结果能够解释股票溢价等金融异象。     

Excess Liquidity and Inflation Dynamics in China： 1997-2007

The surge in international capital inflows and the remarkable excess liquidity in China between 1997and 2007are examined in the present paper. It is shown that China＇s improved position in terms of foreign exchange purchases, ignited by huge foreign capital inflows, has effectively induced excess liquidity in China. More importantly, by developing an econometric madel for inflation and excess liquidity, the present study demonstrates that excess liquidity has imposed significant pressure on inflation in China over the past 10 years. This finding suggests that excess liquidity in China has not only contributed to the rise in stock prices and the real estate market boom, but also affected the consumer goods market. The potential transmission mechanism of liquidity-driven inflation and policy implications of the findings of this study are discussed.