2020年农民增收:新冠肺炎疫情的影响与应对建议

新冠肺炎疫情将从多个渠道、多重方式对今年农民增收带来严重冲击,其中对工资性收入影响尤为突出。疫情在全球加速扩散,对全球经济贸易增长冲击严重,通过全球供应链影响我国产业经营和农民就业,今年后期农民持续增收挑战巨大。本文认为必须统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展两线作战;加快中小企业复工复产,实施文化旅游产业振兴,加大创新创业支持,恢复和稳定农民就业增收;创新农产品产销对接,实施产业提升工程,提升风险治理能力,稳住和促进农业经营增收;加强国际疫情研判,抓紧做好防范应对,稳住农民增收基础。要对标问题、攻坚克难、系统发力,通过一揽子政策助力农民持续增收,力争如期实现全面建成小康社会和全面打赢脱贫攻坚战目标。     

新冠肺炎疫情对农村居民收入的影响、原因与构建农村居民持续增收机制的建议

构建农村居民持续增收机制,对于顺利开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程具有重要意义。以线上问卷调查为依据,本文呈现了新冠肺炎疫情影响农村居民收入的程度和特点,揭示出农村居民收入受影响程度较大的原因在于农村公共卫生服务体系薄弱、面向农民工的公共服务体系不完善、小微企业和个体工商户抗风险能力低,农业经营主体和农业服务主体质量不高。结合农村居民收入增长结构的动态变化,针对新冠肺炎疫情冲击暴露出的农村居民增收风险点,本文提出构建农村居民持续增收机制的对策建议。     

新冠肺炎疫情对大学生就业创业的影响

本文以河南省高校毕业生就业创业调研数据为基础,充分论证"新冠肺炎"疫情影响下毕业生就业创业工作影响研究的必要性和紧迫性,系统分析"新冠肺炎"疫情影响下对毕业生就业创业工作影响的不利因素和有利因素,探索运用好有利因素、破解不利因素,进一步增强和坚定做好毕业生就业创业工作的信心,积极提高高校毕业生就业创业质量.     

新冠肺炎疫情对国内农业企业的影响

农业企业的重要职能之一是为社会提供基本物质资料以及可供生产加工的农副产品等初级原料,这是其他企业所不能替代的职能。正是由于这种特殊性和不可替代性,在当前新冠肺炎疫情之下,农业企业的发展受到了哪些影响、应该如何积极应对,备受关注。     

新冠肺炎疫情对我国人身保险发展的影响研究

2019年12月中旬,湖北省爆发了新冠肺炎疫情,在全国范围内迅速蔓延,成为继2003年“非典”后的又一次重大疫情。新冠肺炎疫情对我国的社会经济发展和人民日常生活,尤其是人身保险都产生了非常重大的影响。在此背景下,分析新冠肺炎疫情对我国人身保险产生的短期冲击和中长期冲击,从需求端、供给端、支付端、政策端4个方面梳理了新冠肺炎疫情对我国人身保险发展的影响。     

新冠肺炎疫情下农村电子商务发展的瓶颈与对策

2020年突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情影响着各行各业的发展,也影响着人们的日常生活。在此期间,电子商务充分发挥着独特优势,化危为机。农村电子商务的发展有利于农民及时获得市场信息、缓解农业中小农户与大市场矛盾、农产品销售等问题,提高农民生活水平。在新冠肺炎疫情期间虽然农村电子商务表现出强劲的实力,但也突显出不足。文章梳理了新冠肺炎疫情下农村电子商务的发展概况,论述了农村电子商务的发展瓶颈,提出了推动专业物流企业新协同合作、创新农产品供应链体系、提升基层农民电子商务运行能力、加强农村电子商务基础设施建设的对策。     

新冠肺炎疫情对我国农业企业的影响分析及应对策略——基于多视角的分析

本文利用2019年和2020年全国代表性农业企业的微观数据,基于多个视角对我国农业企业的生产经营情况进行比较分析,从而总结新冠肺炎疫情对农业企业的冲击影响。研究发现在疫情冲击下全国农业企业净利润同比大幅下降,农产品进口总额减少,带动链条也出现了连锁反应,即农业企业对各类农业经营主体的带动服务作用被削弱。但疫情的冲击客观上促使国内农业企业加强了自主科技创新,强化了农业企业在粮食、蔬菜、水果、肉等农产品的供应能力。分区域层面来看,疫情冲击对不同地区的影响差异明显;分主营业务类别来看,种植业和休闲农业与乡村旅游业农业企业受疫情负面影响较大,而电商平台的农业企业在疫情期间蓬勃发展;在企业特征上,大型农业企业面对疫情抗风险能力更强,民营农业企业受冲击最为严重。基于上述分析,本文从短期和长期两种视角出发,分别提出保障农业企业应对疫情冲击的应对策略。本文拓展了疫情对“三农”影响的研究,对助企纾困和提高农业企业的抗风险能力有重要的实践意义。     

新冠肺炎疫情对全球食物安全的影响及对策

当前,新冠肺炎疫情已在全球扩散,许多本就因为冲突、自然灾害或气候变化而深陷食物不安全的国家和地区的防疫形势也日益严峻。虽然目前全球食物供给总体充足,食物价格稳定,但疫情的快速蔓延将给全球食物安全带来威胁。由于隔离和边境关闭,市场、供应链和贸易受到波及,全球食物的供给受到影响。食物流通渠道可能因运输中断和更加严格的检疫措施而受阻,运输成本和贸易成本增加、效率降低。一些国家为保障国内食物供应而采取限制出口的行为,将影响依赖于粮食进口的国家进口粮食,也不利于依赖于出口初级农产品的低收入发展中国家出口农产品。封锁措施带来的经济影响使居民收入和购买力下降,居民获得充足的营养食物变得更加困难。食物安全不再是一个区域性问题,而是一个需要共同应对的全球性问题,各国应当共同努力,加强合作和全球治理,对最弱势群体采取迅速的保护和援助措施。既要确保国内食物供应链的正常运行,同时,应该保持贸易开放,并利用和创新电子商务保障食物供应,保障全球粮食安全。     

新冠肺炎疫情冲击粮食安全:趋势、影响与应对

新冠肺炎疫情在全球加速扩散蔓延,引发全球粮食市场异常波动以及对中国粮食安全的担忧。疫情对后期全球粮食生产与贸易的影响将进一步加大,全球粮食市场波动有可能进一步升级。随着全球金融市场充分释放流动性,国际投机资本若炒作农产品市场,爆发类似2008年粮食危机的风险将越来越高。分析表明,中国粮食安全保障体系总体上可从容应对全球粮食市场波动升级的挑战,但大豆等农产品进口需防控国际市场波动风险。本文认为,要高度重视全球粮食市场波动的可能风险和挑战,必须加强监测、及早谋划,系统应对、综合施策。包括:有效管控输入性不稳定预期对国内粮食市场的干扰和冲击;进一步强化粮食生产能力建设;构建国家粮食安全保障风险治理体系;完善重要农产品储备体系;强化农产品全球供应链管理;加强国际粮食安全、贸易和投资政策协调。     

Food security and Canada's agricultural system challenged by COVID-19

The effect of COVID-19 on Canadian food security is examined from two different perspectives. COVID-19 creates a unique “income shock” that is expected to increase the prevalence of household food insecurity. This food insecurity can be measured by utilizing the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). More fundamentally, COVID-19 heightens household concern about the capacity of the Canadian food system to ensure food availability. Despite surges in demand and supply chain disruptions, we currently do not observe broad, rapid appreciation in food prices. This suggests that there is an adequate supply of food for the near term. There is less certainty over intermediate and longer time periods because so many factors are in flux, particularly the rate of increases in sicknesses and deaths across the country and globally. Data on these health factors and elements of the food supply chain are needed to predict beyond a short time frame. In this regard, we discuss three ongoing considerations—ease of capital flows, international exchange, and maintaining transportation—that will help ensure food availability in the longer run.     

Information-rich wheat markets in the early days of COVID-19

This paper uses the information implicit in commodity futures and options prices to infer market beliefs about the impact of early-stages COVID-19 on commodity market fundamentals. The particular commodity examined is soft red winter (SRW) wheat, and the timeframe is early February to late March 2020. The analysis highlights various adjustments in the cash and futures price of SRW wheat in light of surging short-run demand from consumer hoarding of staple food products, and a weakening long-run market from growing wheat stocks and an emerging global recession. This split is causing the forward curve to flatten and basis levels to invert. The change over time in the price of options on wheat futures reveals increased price volatility in response to growing uncertainty about the COVID-19 impacts. Similarly, changes in the skewness of the option's volatility smile illustrate a shift in traders’ perception about risk in the right versus left tail of the price distribution.     

新冠肺炎疫情防控下的国家治理

2020年突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情考验着中国国家治理能力,个人的生命安全成为核心关注点。疫情防控下的国家治理,需切实关注国家与个人之间的关系问题。个人和国家之间的合作或对抗,形构着个人与国家之间的信任机制。从国家和个人(社会)两个视角出发,以行政改革促进抗击疫情中"自下而上"的联防机制和"自上而下"的回应机制的建设,能够有效地在国家—个人之间建立起互信关系。现代国家唯有形成上下一体、有序统一的治理格局,才能有效应对疫情防控中的治理难题。     

Migrant farmworkers: Resisting and organising before,during and after COVID-19

Migrant farmworkers are a ubiquitous but invisibilised, expropriated and exploited component of the global agricultural economy. Their conditions took centre-stage during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fear of production disruption in the migrant labour-intensive sectors led to foreign workers being deemed ‘essential’ in many countries, and exceptional procedures and regulations were instituted that further increased their exploitation, illnesses and deaths. However, the pandemic has not merely exposed the long-established structures of racialised exploitation and expropriation in the domain of farm work. Although it exacerbated the precariousness of the living and working conditions defining the reality of migrant farm workers, there is evidence that the pandemic also strengthened farmworkers' individual and collective consciousness, along with forms of organisation and resistance. The symposium ‘Migrant Farmworkers: Resisting and Organizing before, during and after COVID-19’ explores two dimensions reflected in migrant farmworkers' realities during the pandemic. First, the contributions look at the general conditions defining power structures and material outcomes within the political economy of agriculture before and during the pandemic. Second, they explore the conditions under which resistance and solidarity emerged to question established structures of exploitation.     

Economic thoughts on COVID-19 for Canadian food processors

In this paper, I explore the potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Canadian food processors. First, COVID-19 may have an impact on food processing economic activities because of supply and demand shocks. Second, the impact of COVID-19 on food processing may depend on the type of products and the size of the processors. The effects of measures taken by the government to flatten the epidemiological curve on the economic activities of the food processing sector are uncertain.     

浅析农村居民收入与消费

农村居民收入增长缓慢和农村消费潜力未得到有效刺激日益成为制约农村经济发展的瓶颈。本文介绍了我国农村居民收入与消费的状况及相互关系,并据此提出提高农民收入促进消费的对策建议。     

COVID-19 and the power of indigenous,Mexican-origin farmworker families in the US Pacific Northwest

Over the last several years—in the context of US political upheaval, ongoing crises related to climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic and an economic downturn—indigenous, Mexican-origin farmworker families in Washington State have engaged more intensely in class struggle through acts of solidarity and forms of collective action, in part through independent labour unions, worker cooperatives and mutual aid. This article chronicles the labour struggles that led to a notion of class rooted in family units of production and that strengthened transnational solidarity in resistance to racist forms of exploitation in the agricultural sector. Class organization rooted in family and solidarity has allowed indigenous agricultural workers in Washington State to face COVID-19 and incidents driven by climate change, which syndemically compounded existing community health crises, from a place of power. Focusing on the experience of farmworker families in Washington State, I outline agricultural employers' exploitation of workers during this period of increased vulnerability and the strength of farmworkers' resolve to take their health and well-being into their own hands.