水生态系统服务供需视角下的水网乡村 适应性规划策略——以吴江张鸭荡片区为例

苏南乡村地区一直是中国乡村建设的先行区域,特殊的纵横交错的水网结构构成了一个错综复杂的系统,呈现出其他地区不具有的复杂性和生态特殊性。随着城镇的扩张,乡村的发展建设使其水网空间的平衡发展面临极大的挑战。传统单一静态的规划方法逐渐显示出无法适应经济、社会等发展要求的缺陷。苏南乡村地区以水为核心,从水生态系统服务供需关系的视角下探究水网乡村的适应性规划策略更加适应当前的乡村现状和需求。以传统水网乡村空间形态转译为基础,建立水生态系统供需服务评估体系,在评估水生态系统服务供需能力的基础上,分析供需分异模式及供需矛盾。从构建乡村水域空间生态格局、乡村水域空间功能分区规划,以及乡村水域空间多情景预判3个方面,提出苏南水网乡村的适应性规划策略,并为水网乡村的生态实践提出新思路。     

基于ANP的社区低碳系统结构分析

21世纪初以来,世界范围内出现了一系列社区低碳可持续评估工具(NSA tools),NSA tools的优化已成为国内外学者研究热点,然而研究发现既有评价系统大多基于指标间相互独立的假设,而对指标间的相互影响考虑较少。为解决这一问题,基于对社区低碳关键领域的分析构建了社区低碳系统,遵循"控碳源,扩碳汇"的基本理念将该系统划分为两个维度:"碳源控制"系统(简称C系统)和"碳汇扩展"系统(简称E系统),通过对系统内部关联性的分析,构建ANP网络结构模型以优化现有权重体系,为NSA tools的优化研究提供了新的思路。     

房地产市场GERT网络模型应用研究——基于极大熵参数配置

采用极大熵方法配置参数,构建了考虑体外循环的GERT网络模型,研究投资决策参量的相关参数的函数关系、运算法则及确定方法,提出了考虑体外循环的GERT网络模型求解算法。将该GERT网络模型应用于房地产市场领域,研究房地产市场中各参与主体之间的投资决策流动系统。结果显示,利用该GERT网络模型能充分反映房地产市场中各部门之间、房地产市场部门与体外环境部门之间的交互影响关系,可得到科学合理的量化结论。     

物元分析法在科技计划项目绩效评估中的应用

根据目前科技计划项目绩效评估的现状,依据科技计划项目绩效评估体系的构建理论和方法,对科技计划项目绩效评估的业务流程进行了系统的研究,提出了基于物元分析法的科技计划项目绩效评估模型。首先介绍了物元数学模型的建立原理,然后依据物元分析法的原理构建了科技计划项目绩效评估的模型,最后从某市的已评估的科技计划项目中挑选了3个具有代表性的项目作为案例,对该模型进行了验证,结果显示与实际结果相符。     

基于Rhino+Grasshopper的风景环境 复杂地形道路选线设计算法模型研究

在风景园林规划设计中，当前使用ArcGIS作为道路自动选线工具的研究较多，但该方法在小区域内无法取得较为精准的选线结果。基于Rhino+Grasshopper平台，对Dijkstra最短路径算法、遗传算法及道路选线影响因素进行研究，构建了参数化风景环境道路自动选线模型。使用参数化设计生成的路径符合风景区低影响开发和低成本建设的原则，且路径曲线最大限度满足风景区道路极限平曲线现行规范值。构建的参数化模型可以解决所有同类型问题且便于调整和优化，为风景环境道路选线提供了新的解决方法。     

KMV模型在我国的实务化

本文规划了一个KMV模型实务化的框架.即结合传统信用度量方法,按不同行业建立相应的在参数设置上有差异的,比较符合该行业经济特征的行业KMV模型,以期通过KMV模型实务化来应用学术界的研究成果,并尝试运用KMV模型在我国建立一套有效的、可操作的、较完整的信用评价系统.     

基于BP神经网络模型的海绵城市建设适宜性评价——以福建省长汀县为例

当前我国海绵城市建设适宜性评价研究多集中在"工程"技术层面,缺乏社会经济和生态环境综合视角的评价研究。基于此,文章以福建省长汀县为实证对象,构建了一种基于生态、社会、经济多维指标的系统建模评价方法。首先,从孕灾环境危险程度、承灾体易损程度、海绵体改造适应能力三个维度构建海绵城市建设适宜性评价指标体系;进而,对城市空间采用元胞栅格化、指标分级量化、人口密度估算等方法计算和生成各个指标的量化分级图层;最后,基于熵值法确定的指标权重,构建拓扑结构为9×3×1的BP神经网络模型对海绵城市建设的适宜性进行评价。评价结果表明,该方法可为海绵城市专项规划中,海绵体的城市空间布局及其建设时序规划提供科学指导。     

同步优化思想在个人信用评估中的运用

在对目前个人信用评估方法分析的基础上,提出了对于信用评估的重要指标提取和模型参数选择这两个过程进行同步优化的方法,利用评估指标和评估模型参数的互相依赖关系来提高整个信用评估系统的分辨能力,并以支持向量机(SVM)为模型进行了实证检验。结果表明,同步优化方法能更好地提高模型整体的性能,分类正确率有明显的提高。     

系统动力演进视角下湛江海洋经济系统及运行机制研究

随着海洋强国战略的提出,海洋经济及海洋产业发展逐渐成为人们关注的焦点.研究沿海城市海洋经济系统构成,分析其关键要素,对于促进区域海洋经济发展具有重要意义.本文以系统动力演进思想为指导,采用模型化方法及分析手段,从中微观层面构建湛江市海洋经济创新发展的运行机制,探讨湛江市海洋经济创新发展的战略选择.     

厦—泉—漳城市群重大工程建设对区域地质环境影响评估的对策研究

以海峡西岸经济区城市群协调发展为背景,以厦—泉—漳城市群建设为例,介绍了城市群建设发展、正在施工项目和规划建设的重大工程等整体概况;从福建东南沿海区域地质环境、评估指标体系与评估模型、影响评估方法及计算机评估软件、地质环境修复等四个不同方面,系统提出重大工程建设对地质环境影响研究对策、研究方法和技术手段。研究对厦—泉—漳城市群和其他沿海城市群的规划发展和建设具有参考价值,对维护区域地质环境系统平衡、实现海峡西岸经济区城市群可持续发展、协调重大工程建设与地质环境保护关系等具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.