转基因食品检测技术分析

随着基因工程技术的发展,各国对转基因食品的研发日益加快,转基因食品数量增加的同时也伴随着食品安全问题。关于转基因食品的安全性尚无定论,我国《食品安全法》中明确要求企业必须对转基因产品进行标识,由人们自主选择转基因食品,这也造成了转基因食品分析检测技术面临着严峻的挑战。本文根据转基因食品的概念对其存在的问题进行详细分析,介绍了转基因食品分析检测技术的内容和类型,再此基础上提出转基因食品分析检测技术的研究方向。     

转基因食品消费需求研究综述

转基因食品消费需求研究直接影响着转基因技术及食品的发展步伐及转基因食品安全管理政策的实施。本文介绍了转基因食品的概念、优点,并对农业转基因技术和作物研究的内容、国内外转基因食品消费问题研究的现状及消费领域研究的方法进行了综述。     

转基因食品安全检测技术研究

文章主要阐述了转基因食品可能存在的安全性问题,并提出了蛋白质水平和核算水平的转基因食品安全检测技术,希望为转基因食品安全检测提供参考和借鉴。     

关于转基因食品安全法律规制的探讨

转基因食品从诞生的一刻就备受争议,在科技还不能完全掌控基因技术时,转基因食品已经通过商业化逐渐出现在人们的视野,被人们所消费。在转基因食品背后的巨大经济利益面前,人们应当对其合理的规划,适当的避免风险,以保障消费者的合法权益。本文主要写了转基因食品基本的安全问题和相关的法律法规,分析了我国转基因食品安全法律的现状,指出当前我国转基因食品安全法律中存在的不足,旨在完善我国转基因食品相关的安全法律规制。     

转基因和农药残留与食品安全的关系

随着时代的发展,人们的生产技术不断提升,为了增加单位面积上的农作物产值,人们在生产过程中应用了转基因技术及各种各样的农药。谁也不能质疑,转基因技术及农药的使用在一定程度上增加了作物的产量,但随之而来的食品安全问题却也让人们心有余悸。鉴于此,分别讨论转基因和食品安全的关系、农药残留与食品安全的关系,希望能够为相关人士提供帮助。     

进出口食品安全海关监管行政法律关系暨检验与检疫辨析——以海关总署令第248号、第249号为视角

本文从新颁布的海关总署规章《进出口食品安全管理办法》《进口食品境外生产企业注册管理规定》入手,阐述了进出口食品安全海关监管所涉及的行政法律关系,包括食品安全检验、进出境动植物检疫、进出口商品检验、国境卫生检疫、海关监管、农产品质量安全、转基因生物安全、生物安全等法律关系,比较了食品安全、检验、检疫的概念,探讨了食品转基因监管项目的法律属性,并对完善海关食品检验检疫规章,防范进出口食品海关监管行政执法法律风险提出了建议。     

餐饮服务提供者使用转基因食品原料是否有公示的法定义务分析

<正>一、案情简介信用中国湖南永州公示一则案例,某县市场监管局对某店现场检查发现,当事人使用“聚美味”转基因大豆油（食品标签上标注原料为转基因大豆油）加工食品未按照《农业转基因生物标识管理办法》第八条第（一）项的规定在经营场所显著标示,其行为已违反了《中华人民共和国食品安全法》第六十九条的规定,构成了使用转基因食品原料加工食品未按规定进行标示的违法行为。根据《中华人民共和国食品安全法》第一百二十五条第一款第（三）项的规定,没收转基因食品原料“聚美味”大豆油10.5瓶,处罚款1万元。     

浅谈基因工程抗体在食品安全检测中的应用

基因工程抗体应用于食品安全检测还处于初级阶段。但这种新型的抗体以其产量高、成本低且可塑性强得到了认可。可见,基因工程抗体在食品安全检测中的重要作用,文章结合转基因的相关原理对其在食品安全检测中的应用。     

浅谈转基因食品安全性

转基因食品的大规模发展,对提高粮食作物产量,解决人类粮食短缺问题等具有重要作用。由于转基因食品发展时间有限,其风险的不确定性使得人们对其的态度不一,其安全问题成为大众关注的焦点。本文主要综述转基因食品安全性、转基因食品安全管理及其未来的发展。     

中国转基因农产品进口贸易中存在的问题及对策研究

转基因生物技术的蓬勃发展,使得转基因农产品的国际贸易量迅速上升,文章认为由于我国相关政策法规不完善、进口管制不及时、检验检测水平落后等因素使中国已成为转基因农产品的进口大国,这必将会对农业生产、生态环境、食品安全带来风险。     

Product attributes and consumer acceptance of nutritionally enhanced genetically modified foods

Using data from a national survey, this study analyses US consumers’ acceptance of genetically modified foods that provide additional nutritional benefits. Using an ordered probit model, this study examines the relation between the willingness to consume genetically modified foods and consumers’ economic, demographic and value attributes. Empirical results suggest that despite having some reservations, especially about the use of biotechnology in animals, American consumers are not decidedly opposed to food biotechnology. Consumers’ economic and demographic variables are only weakly related to their acceptance of food biotechnology, especially when technology involves plant‐to‐plant DNA transfer. However, public trust and confidence in various private and public institutions are significantly related to their acceptance of food biotechnology. Overall, consumer acceptance of bioengineered foods is driven primarily by public perceptions of risks, benefits and safety of these food products.     

Fair trading in markets for credence goods

Consumer concern about food quality issues has been increasing in Europe recently as a result of the series of food safety crises and the on-going debate on genetically engineered food products. The characteristics of a good which interest consumers in this connection cannot be directly ascertained by them, however. Credible mechanisms are required for monitoring these “credence characteristics” and signalling the results to consumers. The public authorities have an important role to play in this regard.     

检测技术在转基因食品分析中的应用

随着经济的不断发展,人们的生活水平在不断提高,转基因食品的范围越来越广,其安全问题也受到了全社会的关注。本文从转基因技术的基本原理分析入手,分析传统定量技术、数字PCR检测技术和新材料辅助定量检测技术分析检测技术在基因食品分析中的应用。     

Legal But Costly: An Analysis of the EU GM Regulation in the Light of the WTO Trade Dispute Between the EU and the USA

In this study, we investigate the new European Union (EU) regulations in the light of the ruling by the World Trade Organization (WTO) panel on the trade in genetically modified crops. To this end, we describe: the basic differences in approaches between the EU and the complaining parties with regard to genetically modified crops, what the main arguments were of the complaining parties as well as the defence of the EU, what the final judgement of the panel was and finally, we describe the current EU regulations. We then analyse to what extent, the arguments and conclusions of the panel still hold regarding the new EU legislation. We find that parts of the current EU legislation, that is, the safety bans as they are currently in place, are in breach of the WTO commitments. Moreover, the new approval procedures have the potential to also break these rules, although whether or not they will, depends on how the European Commission acts. Whether or not the EU will be challenged at the WTO remains an open question, as the decision to fight before the WTO may be more costly than working out new bilateral trade agreements.     

Voters’ Response to Labeling Genetically Engineered Foods: Oregon's Experience

Oregonians voted on Measure 27, a measure to label genetically engineered foods, in November 2002. A follow‐up survey of 801 voters was conducted to explore how consumers voted in an actual election on this issue, who voted for and against this measure, and why they voted the way they did. The results revealed that the measure did not pass for a variety of reasons. Those included concern with costs, questions about necessity of the labeling in view of safety assessments by the FDA, concern with how the measure was worded, and the impact the measure would have on farmers. The majority of respondents supporting the measure wanted to know what is in the food they are eating.     

消费者对转基因食品的认知态度和购买意愿

随着生物技术的发展,越来越多的转基因食品进入了人类的食物链,但消费者对其的态度却不尽相同,明确了解消费者对转基因食品的认知态度及购买意愿将有助于生产者及政府的决策。根据辽宁省十个城市消费者进行的问卷调查数据,深入研究了城市消费者对转基因食品的认知态度及购买意愿。     

An Open Mind Wants More: Opinion Strength and the Desire for Genetically Modified Food Labeling Policy

Two opposing viewpoints exist in the literature; some suggest consumers are unconcerned and do not desire any genetically modified labeling, while others indicate the opposite. The mixed results may be because consumers make finer distinctions than surveys have called for, and have evaluation schemes sensitive to information about the benefits and risks associated with genetically modified foods. We find consumers are quite nuanced in their preferences for genetically modified labeling policy. Unexpectedly, consumers with less‐defined views desire mandatory labeling of the most stringent type, while consumers with stronger viewpoints (either pro‐ or con‐genetically modified) are more relaxed in their labeling requirements.     

Consumer Attitudes and Decision-Making With Regard to Genetically Engineered Food Products – A Review of the Literature and a Presentation of Models for Future Research

Few studies have to date explained consumer attitudes and purchase decisions with regard to genetically engineered food products. However, the increased marketing of genetically engineered food products and the considerable concern that consumers seem to express with regard to the technology call for the development of a theoretical basis for research into these issues. The aim of this article is to present three models which the authors have developed to explain consumer attitudes, buying behaviour, and attitude change with regard to genetically engineered food products.All three models build on established consumer behaviour theory and on existing and comparable research in the field. Consumer attitudes toward genetic engineering in food products are explained in an attitude model that builds on Fishbein's multiattribute attitude model but deviates from Fishbein's model in a number of ways. Consumer buying behaviour with regard to specific genetically engineered food products is explained in a behavioural intention model which uses Ajzen's Theory of planned Behavior as its point of departure. How consumers' attitudes towards genetically engineered food products are affected by various information strategies, finally, is explained in an attitude change model which integrates aspects of the Elaboration Likelihood Model and Social Judgment Theory. The model specifically takes into account the impact of source credibility and various informational factors, such as persuasive content of the information provided, on attitudes.     

Consumer Buying Behavior of Genetically Modified Fries in Germany

A purchasing experiment in which genetically modified and conventional fries were offered for sale at mobile fast food stands in Germany was conducted to identify factors influencing the willingness of consumers to purchase genetically modified fries. In total, 331 purchasing decisions were made: 56.5% decided to purchase conventional fries, 22.4% genetically modified fries, and 21.1% no preference. A logistic regression model analyzing questionnaires found that worry about pesticides, frequency of organic food purchases, the acceptability of genetically modified foods with environmental benefits, and perceptions of health risks from genetically modified foods significantly impact the willingness to purchase genetically modified fries.     

Gender differences in consumers’ acceptance of genetically modified foods

Research has shown that women are less accepting of genetically engineered products than men. We expect two mechanisms to be at work here. First, in consumer behaviour theory, more knowledge is assumed to lead to more acceptance. We assumed that for genetically engineered foods, this general principle does not apply since long‐term consequences are not known yet. The well‐informed consumer is likely to be comparatively more concerned with this lack of knowledge. We call this the information paradox. Theory on the topic is relatively recent. The results of this study will help to distinguish consumer behaviour with regard to new types of food as compared with traditional foods. Second, we assumed that there is a gender factor included in attitudes toward foods. In general, women still plan food and household purchases. A tentative attitude and an accompanying reluctance toward food innovation are adopted when buying food for children. We call this the gender paradox. In this exploratory study we use data from the Eurobarometer. Eurobarometer surveys have been executed since 1973 by the European Commission among the adult population of European Union member countries (n > 10 000), monitoring the evolution of public opinion. Analysis of these surveys shows that gender differences exist in the acceptance of genetically modified (GM) foods in Europe. Women tend to be less accepting toward genetically modified foods. This supports our gender hypothesis. However, no evidence was found to support the assumed information paradox. It seems that knowledge leads to acceptance, also of GM foods, but more so for men than for women.