果酒中有机酸成分分析及降酸技术研究现状

有机酸的种类与含量是影响果酒风味和品质的重要因素之一。适量的有机酸可以赋予果酒新鲜爽口的酸味,防止果酒腐败,促进果酒老熟与澄清,与合适的酒精协调可成就果酒的典型性。但一些酿酒原料的高酸性会导致酿造的果酒酸度过高,使得果酒口感生硬粗涩,因此分析果酒中有机酸成分,并有针对性的进行降酸尤为重要。本文阐述了有机酸对果酒风味的影响以及国内外学者对于果酒中有机酸成分分析及降酸技术的研究现状,以期为果酒的高品质生产提供参考。     

发酵过程中不同果梗含量对蛇龙珠干红葡萄酒品质的影响

在葡萄酒生产过程中,葡萄的除梗破碎过程有时会带入少量的葡萄果梗,对葡萄酒质量产生一定的影响。本实验主要研究在蛇龙珠葡萄酒发酵过程中加入不同量果梗,酿制成的葡萄酒经酒精发酵,苹果酸乳酸发酵,橡木桶贮藏,瓶储,对其进行理化分析及感官品评。结果表明:不同果梗含量对蛇龙珠干红葡萄酒香气和单宁质量有影响,一定含量的果梗(0.45%)会增加蛇龙珠干红葡萄酒单宁结构的层次感,但随着果梗含量的增加,会加重蛇龙珠干红葡萄酒的生青气息,加重单宁的粗糙感和生硬度,降低葡萄酒中单宁质量。     

慕萨莱思酿造过程中有机酸含量的变化

本文对慕萨莱思生产中葡萄原汁、陈酿过程、成品酒3个阶段影响其风味的主要物质组成进行了分析。慕萨莱思的葡萄原料以及比较特殊的酿造工艺形成了一系列风味物质,主要包含有糖类物质、有机酸类、醇类、多酚类和氨基酸类。有机酸作为葡萄酒的骨架,是葡萄酒风味的重要组成部分。对几种有机酸检测发现:在浓缩阶段,含有DL-酒石酸、DL-苹果酸、一水柠檬酸、琥珀酸;在陈酿阶段,含有DL-酒石酸、DL-苹果酸与丙酮酸;在成品酒中含有DL-酒石酸、丙酮酸、DL-苹果酸,琥珀酸。     

新色谱条件下家酿葡萄酒发酵时间对甲醇含量的影响

以家酿葡萄酒为原料,运用气相色谱技术,内标法定量检测葡萄酒中的甲醇含量,在优化改进葡萄酒中醇、酯等多组分物质检测分析方法的基础上,研究发酵时间对葡萄酒中甲醇含量的影响。     

基于因子分析法的中国葡萄酒营销策略探析

葡萄酒由于酒精含量低,营养价值高,被认为是保健酒,在未来存在一个广阔的消费市场,但由于企业市场营销策略的相对滞后以及受传统饮食习惯的影响,我国消费市场一直以饮用白酒为主,葡萄酒并未充当过酒类消费的主角。本文借助SPSS11软件,应用因子分析法通过对消费者购买心理进行定量分析,确定消费者购买葡萄酒所追求的主要利益,对市场进行科学细分,有针对性地制定相应营销策略以期能够扩大葡萄酒的销售。     

甜型葡萄酒生物稳定性研究

由于甜型葡萄酒采用保糖发酵工艺,葡萄酒装瓶后,如果酵母过滤不彻底或灌装环节感染酵母菌,甜型葡萄酒在瓶内二次发酵的风险加大。本研究在于探索酵母难于进行二次发酵的甜型葡萄酒的安全含糖量和酒精含量值,以期为生产低风险甜型葡萄酒提供依据。     

中国酒类市场绿色消费趋势研究

早在1987年,国家经委、轻工业部、商业部、农牧渔业部就在"全国酿酒工业增产节约工作会议"上提出酒类行业要进行粮食酒向果类酒转变的行业发展动议。随着市场需求变化,我国逐渐压缩了甜型酒,废除了半汁酒,修订与国际接轨的国家标准,制定了相应的技术规范。在耕地占用方面,葡萄种植的土地不适宜种植粮食,不与粮食争地;在节约粮食方面,葡萄酒酿造与白酒酿造相比较,大大减少了酿酒工业对粮食的消耗;从消费者角度来讲,葡萄酒酒精含量低,更有利于饮用者身体健康;葡萄酒比白酒更具有绿色环保的特性。葡萄酒作为中国酒类消费中三大主要种类之一,目前所占市场份额还很有限,在经济高速增长,提倡"低碳消费""绿色消费"的今天,葡萄酒的原料种植、酿造工艺、消费前景及在中国的发展都有着其他酒类无法比拟的优势,推进葡萄酒消费市场的形成具有十分重要的现实意义。     

4种酵母对贺兰山东麓赤霞珠干红葡萄酒理化指标的影响

不同种类的酵母对葡萄酒的质量有较大影响,本文以赤霞珠葡萄为原料,选用4种具有代表性的酵母RC212酵母、F15酵母、帝伯仕酵母和F33酵母发酵贺兰山东麓赤霞珠干红葡萄酒,结果表明F33酵母发酵的葡萄酒酒精度最高(10.4% vol),挥发酸的含量为0.22 g·L~(-1),色度和单宁含量也明显高于其他酵母发酵的葡萄酒,试验中所用的F33酵母适合贺兰山东麓赤霞珠干红葡萄酒的酿造的菌种。     

陇原白酒的养生文化

当下，都说葡萄酒、啤酒养生。其实，白酒中有机酸类、不饱和脂肪酸类、杂环类化合物和酚类化合物的含量非常丰富，其中有些成分具有很好的养生保健作用。中国白酒之所以能够流传至今，长久不衰，究其原因与白酒有益于养生的作用还是密不可分的。     

中外葡萄酒特征性品质安全指标检测体系分析

现阶段,由于我国葡萄酒特征性品质安全指标检测与国外存在较大的差距,导致葡萄酒行业中存在较多的不良竞争问题,存在着较为严重的葡萄酒的品质安全问题,为了加强食品安全控制,现对中外葡萄酒特征性品质安全指标检测体系进行了分析。     

Understanding Attitude and Behavior of Canadian Consumers Toward Organic Wine

The main objective of this study is to identify the determinants of organic wine purchase and understand their effect in order to illustrate what influences whether Canadian consumers are willing to buy this special type of wine. The data for this study were collected across Canada by means of an online self-administered consumer questionnaire survey. Our major findings indicate that the attitude toward organic wine is defined mainly by consumers’ health consciousness and is negatively influenced by the wine involvement pleasure experienced with regular wine. Interestingly, Canadians are not forming positive attitudes toward organic wine based on their knowledge of organic production and its offering. The main predictors of organic wine purchase are attitude toward organic wine and wine involvement interest. Unexpectedly, price consciousness was not found to be a good predictor of organic wine purchase.     

发酵酒中T-2毒素污染调查分析及其风险评估

本研究建立了啤酒、葡萄酒中T-2毒素免疫学检测的前处理方法。该方法采用氯仿提取,检出限为0.2ng/mL,回收率为89.7%-101.3%。并首次对市场上啤酒和葡萄酒的T-2毒素污染水平进行了调查。在对深圳市民膳食结构调查的基础上,对啤酒和葡萄酒的T-2毒素污染进行了风险评估,结果显示这两种产品风险较低。     

Information,quality and legal rules: Wine adulteration in nineteenth century France

Nowadays global concerns are tightly linked to the way wine production and labelling have been regulated in France. This paper aims to provide an historical explanation of this peculiar regulation of the wine market in France. Our argument will be that wine adulteration, as it is conceived and regulated nowadays, has to be distinguished from ancient and pre-modern forms of adulteration. From the last quarter of the nineteenth century, technical progresses (i.e. organic chemistry in food and wine making), extended commercial networks and an extending intermediation led to market failures. However, state regulation mainly aimed to ensure the circulation of information and fair trade rather than to protect public health. As a result, from the end of the nineteenth century up to the present, in France and in Europe, rules on beverages are more concerned with preserving AOC (collective trademarks) and wine producers' profits than with limiting alcohol consumption.     

Consumer Brand Loyalty in the Chilean Wine Industry

Worldwide, the wine industry has become tremendously competitive, with new world wine countries, such as Chile, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa becoming relevant players. Consumers are increasingly offered a broad range of wine brands in supermarkets, restaurants, and wine stores. Consequently, wine marketing managers are required to develop strategies for building consumer brand loyalty for their own wines. This study attempts to investigate this issue and tests a model of antecedents of wine brand loyalty with 300 consumers from Chile, a new world wine producer. Results are analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM). Our results indicate that wine brand satisfaction has the strongest relationship with wine brand loyalty. Additionally, wine experience is positively related to brand trust and brand satisfaction.     

Sensory expectations generated by colours of red wine labels

Since there is usually no sales assistance available in supermarkets, wine labels represent the pivotal source of information for consumers at the point of purchase. In particular, it is the colour of the label which largely influences consumers’ wine choice. The purpose of our study was to reveal customers’ sensory expectations in relation to the flavour of red wines based on their label colours. Moreover, our goal was to examine whether there are any differences in the consumers’ expectations according to their frequency of wine purchase and gender. A survey was carried out among respondents who were intercepted in the wine aisles of two stores of an Austrian supermarket chain. The results indicate that label colours have a strong influence on flavour expectations. While, for example, red and black are most likely to create tangy flavour expectations, red and orange are most associated with fruity and flowery flavours. In addition, it appears that frequent buyers have stronger expectations than infrequent buyers with respect to most of the colours analysed. Finally, the customers’ gender seems to have little influence on flavour expectations. The results may be considered by wine producers in their label design to create sensory expectations in accordance with the actual flavour of their wine and, hence, avoid any disconfirmation of consumers’ expectations when they taste the wine. This is of particular importance when wine is sold in retail stores and consumers cannot rely on their taste experience prior to their purchase.     

Evaluating the Profit Potentialm of Restaurant Wine Lists

The ever increasing consumer interest in wine has forced many restaurants to scrutinize their wine lists. Restaurant managers, however, still have difficulty in developing, pricing and evaluating wine lists. This paper reviews the process of wine list development and wine pricing. The author then proposes a modification of a popular menu evaluation tool as a way to evaluate the profitability of a restaurant wine list. Finally, recommendations are made for building the profit potential of the list.     

Consumption dynamics and demographics of Canadian wine consumers: Retailing insights from the tasting room channel

This study facilitates a better understanding of the socio-demographics and consumption dynamics of wine consumers using the retailing ‘platform’ of the winery tasting room with them as visitors to it in a wine region environment. The overall aim was to gain some insights on gender and age generation-related consumer behaviour, wine type preferences, and their link to retail channel behaviour. Systematic random sampling yielded a total of 659 useable surveys collected at various tasting rooms in the Niagara Peninsula Wine Region in Ontario, Canada. Specific differences exist in the wine consumption behaviour and wine type preferences of males and females and between generational cohorts, specifically Millennial and older consumers. Whereas females and males do not differ much in quantity consumed and spend on wine, they do differ greatly in wine type consumption with females drinking significantly more white and males more red wine. Wine type consumption was shown to be moderated by not only classical demographic variables, but also by the retail outlets preferred for wine purchase. Females buy more of their wine from foodservice on-trade retail outlets such as restaurants, while Millennials frequent the tasting room channel much less than older consumers. There are strong indications that the higher the wine tourism activity level, the higher the wine consumption (usage) level of the consumers. It is possible to direct marketing strategies at wine consumers in accordance with their gender and lifecycle stage as far as certain behavioural and sensory aspects of the product is concerned. The winery tasting room is the most obvious retail channel vehicle to reach people with high tourism activity factor levels who also happen to be the high usage consumers in the wine market.     

Reaching the U.S. Hispanic Wine Market: Highlighting the Opportunities

With over 50 million Hispanics living in the United States commanding 1.2 trillion dollars in purchasing power, Hispanic wine consumers may comprise a lucrative market for the saturated wine industry. Yet the wine industry has largely ignored consumers who do not fit the profile of its traditional demographic base. This study aims to fill a gap in the existing body of knowledge on Hispanic consumers of wine. Building on acculturation theory, the current study investigates predominant attitudes, opinions, and interests of the Hispanic consumer relating to wine consumption. The results of three focus groups indicate that the core cultural values of family, food, and social interaction are critical factors in developing an interest in wine among Hispanic wine consumers. Levels of acculturation also play a significant role in wine consumption among Hispanic consumers. Special attention should be addressed to younger, more acculturated consumers, as they are not only the primary consumers of wine but also advocates for wine for their parents and other groups of consumers.     

Estimating Optimal Prices for Wine Exhibition Awards Using Comparative Judgements

Abstract

Producers of bottled wine have their products evaluated at various wine exhibitions for the purpose of receiving awards that can be displayed on the bottles. This contribution introduces an approach for retailers and producers to estimate optimal prices for wine exhibition awards. A case study has been employed in cooperation with a major Czech wine company to investigate the practical application of the method. Wine exhibition awards are found to be among the important factors affecting consumer preferences for bottled wine. A Conjoint experiment allowed for estimating the relative importance of selected wine exhibitions as award origins and for determining the partial utilities of selected awards (medals). Calculating the individual price equivalents for those awards and three selected wines enables the estimation of prices for maximum turnover. According to the approach, price equivalents and markups can be estimated based on consumer preferences. Retailers as well as producers can employ the procedure for matching their offers with specifically designed prices to their target group's needs and wants in their individual markets.     

Shifts in consumer behavior towards organic products: Theory-driven data analytics

Consumer behavior is key in shifts towards organic products. A diversity of factors influences consumer preferences, driving planned, impulsive, and unplanned purchasing decisions. We study choices among organic and conventional wine using an extensive survey among Australian consumers (N = 1003). We integrate five behavioral theories in the survey design, and use supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms for analysis. We quantify a gap between intention and behavior, and emphasize the importance of cognitive factors. Findings go beyond correlation to the causation of behavior when combining predictive prowess with explanatory power. Results reveal that affective factors and normative cues may prompt unplanned and spontaneous purchasing behavior, causing consumers to act against their beliefs.